ul^
THE NEW YORK
':'J.Z LIBRARY
I ASTOR, LENOX
5 ILDEN FOUNDATIOMS
FIGHTING BY ®^
SOUTHERN FEDERALS
In which the author places the numerical strength of the armies
that fought for the Confederacy at approximately 1 ,000,000 men,
and shows that 296,579 white soldiers living in the South, and
1 37,676 colored soldiers, and approximately 200,000 men living
in the North that were born in the South, making 634,255
southern soldiers, fought for the Preservation of the Union
BY
CHARLES C. ANDERSON
NEW YORK
THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
1912
Copyright, 1912, by
The Neale Publishing G)MrANy
N'
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
General View — Early Moves — Fort. Sumter —
Ranging the Combatants — Gaining Adherents
— Baltimore — Camp Jackson — Western Vir-
ginia Campaign 9
CHAPTER II
Bull Run — Wilson's Creek — Hatteras Inlet — Bel-
mont — Port Royal — Mill Springs — Fort
Henry — Roanoke Island — Fort Donelson —
Pea Ridge — First Iron-Clad Battle — New
Madrid — New Bern — Kernstown .... 41
CHAPTER III
Shiloh — Fort Pulaski — Advance upon Corinth —
Forts Jackson and St. Philip — Capture of New
Orleans — Williamsburg — Craighead's Bend —
Winchester — Fair Oaks — Memphis — Cross
Keys — Port Republic — Seven Days' Battles
— Baton Rouge 71
CHAPTER IV
Second Bull Run — Richmond, Ky. — Chantilly —
South Mountain — Harper's Ferry — Sharps-
burg — Corinth — Hatchle Bridge — Perryville
— Prairie Grove — Fredericksburg — Chicka-
saw Bluffs — Murfreesboro — Arkansas Post
— Charleston — Port Gibson 100
CHAPTER V
Chancellorsville — Champion's Hill — Big Black
River — Vicksburg — Hoover's Gap — Donald-
sonville — Gettysburg — Helena — Charleston . 131
7
8 CONTENTS
CHAPTER VI
PAGE
Chickamauga — Chattanooga — Mine Run — Tun-
nel Hill — Red River Campaign — Wilderness . 159
CHAPTER VII
Rocky Face Ridge — Spotsylvania — Resaca —
North Anna — Dallas — Cold Harbor — Pied-
mont — Petersburg — Lynchburg — Kenesaw
Mountain — Deep Bottom — Monocacy — Peach
Tree Creek — Atlanta — Ezra Church . . . 190
CHAPTER VIII
Mobile Bay — Weldon Railroad — Jonesboro — Ope-
quon — Fisher's Hill — ChafBn's Farm — Cedar
Creek — Marais des Cygnes — Hatcher's Run
— Spring Hill — Franklin — NashviUe. . . 219
CHAPTER IX
Fort Fisher — Dabney's Mills — Bull's Bay Expedi-
tion — Averysboro — Bentonville — Fort Sted-
man — Five Forks — Petersburg — Selma —
Sailor's Creek — Farmville — Mobile — Appo-
mattox — Capitulations of the Confederate
Armies and Fleets 248
Alphabetical List of Southern Officers Com-
manding Brigades, or Above ; Commanding a
Vessel, or More, with Their Rank and
Record, Showing VV^here They Fought; and
Some Other Southerners Who Notably
Aided the Federal Cause.
The Rank Given is the Highest Held in Battle.
Many Officers Received Promotion to Date from
March 13th, 1865, and Other Dates, Who Ap-
pear Not to Have Been Engaged in Battle
Thereafter, to Command Commensurately . . 275
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN
FEDERALS
CHAPTER I
General View — Early Moves — Fort Sumter — Rangt
iNG THE Combatants — Gaining Adherents — Baltimore
— Camp Jackson — Western Virginia Campaign.
The people of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri who
were not disposed to fight as Confederates were numerous
enough to prevent their States from being used as supports
of the ConfGderac^^ These southern States did not need
northern armies to overwhelm such Confederates as were
their own citizens. As to them, the event did not assume
the shape of an offensive movement of northern armies
against the majority in opposition. The Maryland, Ken-
tucky and Missouri antagonists of the Confederates did
the great part of the frustrating of their Confederate citi-
zens who struggled within these respective States, and in
each helped fight those Confederates who entered the State
from other southern States, and, furthermore, participated
outside of their State in the contest against the Confed-
erates. To southern men recognition should be given that
Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri were kept from the Con-
federates, and that northern amiies were not worn battling
to reclaim them. A great difference there would have been
in the relative strength of the two combatants had the
power of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri been thrown
to the Confederate side, and had northern armies met at
their northern boundaries Confederate armies intent on dis-
9
10 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
puting every inch of the way, aided by all the govern-
mental power that tlie State administrations could exert.
The Federal forces which essayed to occupy that part
of Virginia which was formed later into the State of West
Virginia were composed partly of soldiers from that region
and Kentucky, and were not resisted by the western Vir-
ginia citizens generally. Virginians along the Ohio River
did not rise to arms, a united people, to resist the Federal
advance, and this left the way clear.
A large part of the population of east Tennessee was
against the Confederates. While the Confederates were in
the majority, taking the State as a whole, they lost control
early of much of the resourceful area elsewhere in the
State, and were unable to draw strongly upon the lost area
for troops.
In the mountains of North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia and Alabama also were many men who did not side
with the Confederates. In fact, the entire mountain region
was permeated with disaffection to the Confederacy. Had
it been a separate State, it would have been a large anti-
Confederate State in the heart of the South.
Treating Missouri, Kentucky, Mar3'land and the Dis-
trict of Columbia as southern, but not Delaware, there were
296,579 white soldiers from the South in the armies sup-
porting the United States. Besides these, there were 137,-
676 colored. Adding these, 434,255 is the total from the
South. The District of Columbia and Delaware were both
slave-holding. It is thought fair to include the District
of Columbia, Maryland lying north of it being classed as
southern, and offset it by excluding Delaware for the pur-
pose herein. No Delaware officer's record is given in this
work. It may be surmised that there were as many as
200,000 men living in the North but born in the South,
who fought the Confederates. The Confederates main-
tained each year around 400,000 soldiers actively engaged.
Some of these were not southern men. The war brought
altogether about 1,490,000 Federals into active service.
FIGHTIxVG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 11
All told, there were more than two niillioii Federal troops,
and around one million Confederate troops.
Counting both white and colored, Louisiana furnished
29,276 Federal combatants, while Rhode Island furnished
but 23,236 ; Virginia 37,791 and Minnesota 24<,020 ; Mary-
land 46,638 and Vermont 33,288; Tennessee 51,225 and
New Hampshire 33,937; Kentucky 75,760 and Connecti-
cut 55,864; Missouri 109,111 and Maine 70,107, Iowa
76,242, New Jersey 76,814, Michigan 87,364 and W^is-
consin 91,327. Thus there were more Federal combatants
from Louisiana than from Minnesota or Rhode Island;
more from Virginia, or Maryland, or Tennessee than from
New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or Rhode
Island; more from Kentucky than from Maine, or Con-
necticut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or
Rhode Island. Iowa was ahead of Kentucky less than
five hundred and New Jersey only about a thousand.
There were more from Missouri than from Wisconsin, or
Michigan, or New Jersey, or Iowa, or Maine, or Connecti-
cut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or
Rhode Island. Over 100,000 of the Missourians were
white. The eleven seceded States contained 5,240,250
white people in 1860. The unseceded slave States, Dela-
ware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and West Virginia,
contained 3,043,449 white people.
In the following pages, the name of a State given after
an officer's name is the State wherein he was born. The
main army in the west and the main army in the east were
each commanded in battle by a southern man. George H.
Thomas, Virginia, commanded the army in the west and
John Pope, Kentucky, commanded the army in the east.
Thomas commanded the Military Division of the Missis-
sippi, and E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, commanded the
Military Division of West Mississippi. These commanded
departments, some commanding successively different de-
partments: Robert Anderson, Kentucky, Department of
Kentucky, of Tennessee and of Ohio. J. M. Brannan,
12 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
District of Columbia, commanded the Department of the
South. E. R. S. Canby, Department of New Mexico.
S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, Department of West
Virginia. J. C. Fremont, South Carolina, Western De-
partment, Mountain Department. Wm. S. Harney, Ten-
nessee, Department of the West. David Hunter, District
of Columbia, Department of the West, of Kansas, and of
the South. S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, Department
of the Gulf. O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, Department of
the Ohio, and of the South. E. O. C. Ord, Maryland,
Middle Department, Department of Virginia, and Depart-
ment of Virginia and North Carolina. J. McA. Palmer,
Kentucky, Department of Kentucky. John Pope, Depart-
ment of the Northwest. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, De-
partment of Arkansas. George H. Thomas, Department
of the Cumberland.
Important armies other than the main army in the east
and in the west were commanded by Thomas, Pope, Canby,
Ord, Fremont, John A. McClernand, Kentucky, W. H.
Emory, Maryland, Hunter, Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, B. M.
Prentiss, Virginia, and J. J. Re3molds, Kentucky.
Usually a corps was not greatly under and not greatly
over twenty thousand men — not far differing from the
number generally under the command of Jackson, Long-
street, Polk, or Hardee of the Confederate armies.
Twenty southern men commanded infantry corps, some
commanding first one corps and then another. D. B.
Birney, Alabama, commanded the 10th, 3d and 2d;
Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, 15th and 17th; Samuel P.
Carter, Tennessee, 23d; Thos. L. Crittenden, Kentucky,
21st, 2d in the west; Emory, 19th; J. C. Fremont, 1st in
the west; Wm. H. French, Maryland, 3d; G. W. Getty,
District of Columbia, 6th; Wm. Hays, Virginia, 2d;
Hurlbut, 16th; R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, 14th; McCler-
nand, 13th; Mitchel, 10th; John Newton, Virginia, 1st;
Ord, 13th, 8th, 18th and 24th; Palmer, 14th; J. L. Reno,
Virginia, 9th ; Reynolds, 19th; Thomas, 14th; T. J. Wood,
FIGPITING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 13
Kentucky, 4th. Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia,
commanded the cavah'y corps of the main army in the east.
Johnson was chief of cavalry, Military Division of Missis-
sippi, and Davidson, Virginia, of West of the Mississippi.
Important expeditions or raids were under the command
of Blair, Carter, Mitchel, Reynolds and Lovell H. Rous-
seau, Kentucky.
There were many southern generals of division.
There were 160 southern Federals who commanded bri-
gades in battle, fighting with distinction, or are among the
above, whose achievements are mentioned in the following
pages. There were a number more who received promo-
tion to date from the closing months of the War, but have
not been found to have fought in battle in their higher
rank, and the attempt has been made to limit the record
to service rank. About one-half of the southern gradu-
ates of West Point, numbering 162, took the Federal side.
The total number of Confederate generals was 425. The
Federal generals totaled 680 : thus about one-fourth of
the Federal generals were born in the South. There were
a great many southern colonels, and a great many south-
em officers of other inferior ranks, but their names and
services are not mentioned herein. There were 4,000 com-
missioned officers from Kentucky in the Federal service.
The Confederates started practically without a navy,
and few naval officers could hope to get into action early
on that side. Naval officers were used to the deahngs of
the United States with foreign powers, as to which the
scheme of government made the United States one, and
their voyages around the world tended to give them more
than a local affection. Three hundred and twenty-one
southerners left the United States navy ; three hundred and
fifty remained. Eighty naval commanders of southern
birth who were actively engaged on the Federal side with
distinction are herein chronicled. The officer who attained
the highest rank in the navy — vice-admiral — was a
southerner, Farragut, Tennessee. He commanded the
14 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
West Gulf Blockading Squadron, and on the Mississippi
River and its tributaries up to Vicksburg. Bell, North
Carolina, also commanded the West Gulf Blockading
Squadron. Goldsborough and S. P. Lee, Virginia, com-
manded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and Lee
the Mississippi Squadron. C. K. Stribling, South Caro-
lina, commanded the East Gulf Blockading Squadron.
The selection of the birthplace in fixing the status of
an officer as southern will be understood. It is practicable
to find the record of the birthplaces of the various officers,
whereas difficulties would be met with in searching to dis-
cover in what State each officer was living at the time the
War began, or where each had spent most of his life, or
the latitude of the birthplace irrespective of State lines,
or the nativity of his parents. Some of the officers men-
tioned were southern by birth only, but many officers not
mentioned were born south of the central latitude in States
classed as northern, or were living in the South when the
War began, or had lived there principally since their
majority, or had a southern parent or parents, and
it is submitted that the birthplace is not an unfair gauge.
Even Grant, Sherman, Rosecrans and Burnside were identi-
fied or connected with the South in some of these other
ways. The names of northern Federals are excluded to
the end of this work. Thereby the reader is sure that
every name he sees is that of a southern man. While
everything to the credit of northern officers is excluded,
anything to the discredit of any one of them is avoided.
The southern men were not massed under southern com-
manders in separate armies. Southern officers planned and
directed the movements of northern soldiers, and northern
officers used southern troops. So it was in the navy.
There were southern companies and regiments, and bri-
gades composed almost wholly of southern men.
When the War started the United States had available
a steam-fleet of thirty-four vessels. Nearly sixty iron-
clads were built by the United States during the War, all
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 15
except three of the monitor type. Over one hundred ves-
sels were used on the JNIississippi River and its tributaries
by the United States. The navy placed or supported the
armies far down in the South, along the Coast or in the
interior water-ways, saving the armies from having to
guard lines of communication thence to the North. Most
of the important victories were won by army and navy
together or navy alone, and many times the armies were
delivered by reaching or obtaining the protection of the
navy.
In Missouri, Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, began the for-
mation of military companies in January, 1861, to use
them against secessionists. The name given them was
" Home Guards." Secessionists were organized as minute
men. United States troops had been sent into St. Louis
to protect the Assistant Treasury and other United States
property on the day these two organizations began, Jan-
uary 11th, 1861. There were in St. Louis semi-military
organizations called " Wide- Awakes," composed almost ex-
clusively of anti-slavery German blood. Blair converted
these into Home Guards. To confront them, a brigade of
Missouri state troops was in existence, about 580 men. A
Union Safety Committee was fomied in St. Louis.
In the southern part of St. Louis, on the shore of the
Mississippi River, was the United States arsenal, contain-
ing about 60,000 stand of arms and a large supply of
munitions of war. The possession of these arms was of
large consequence. Blair saw Abraham Lincoln before
Lincoln left Springfield to be inaugurated, and arranged
for securing the arsenal. With Blair in close touch with
the arsenal, Home Guards were organized, drilled and dis-
ciplined by United States officers. Winfield Scott, Vir-
ginia, was Commander-in-chief of the armies of the United
States. Scott sent troops to the St. Louis arsenal Feb-
ruary 16th, 1861, from the Jefferson Barracks in St.
Louis. To the courage, moderation and tact of Blair it
was largely due that not one member of the Missouri Con-
16 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
vention elected February 18th, 1861, would say he was in
favor of the secession of Missouri. W. S. Harney, Ten-
nessee, was Commander of the Department of the West,
with headquarters at St. Louis.
Prior to Lincoln's inauguration Scott caused to be or-
ganized the most reliable of the Washington volunteers,
and called from a distance two batteries of horse artillery,
with small detachments of cavalry and infantry — all
regulars. Joseph Holt, Kentucky', was Secretary of War
during the months immediately preceding Lincoln's admin-
istration.
March 4th, 1861, Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky, by virtue
of his inauguration as President, became Commander-in-
chief of the army and navy of the United States. Some
military direction he exercised throughout the War.
Eight out of fifteen slave-holding States did not choose to
secede rather than face the consequences of having the
Federal Government exercise its jurisdiction within them
in a Lincoln republican administration, pending some ac-
tion thereof which might decide them otherwise. March
18th, 1861, Thomas H. Hicks, Maryland, Governor of
Marj^and, applied to Scott for arms and soldiers, if these
should become necessax'y to put down belligerent Mary-
landers.
The last of March a revolution set in against F. P.
Blair and his followers in St. Louis.
Thornton A. Jenkins, Virginia, naval officer, with mili-
tary aid prevented the forts at Key West and Dry Tortu-
gas, Fla., from falling into the hands of an expedition
sent from New Orleans before the War was begun. He
performed secret sei-vice at the request of President Lin-
coln. Wm. H. French, Maryland, was in command at Key
West from March 2Tth to November.
Florida failed to take possession of Fort Pickens, on an
island commanding the entrance of Pensacola harbor, and
South Carolina failed to take possession of Fort Sumter,
on a shoal within the entrance of Charleston harbor. The
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 17
United States Government, before the War began, occu-
pied both forts, and thereby had part possession of each
harbor. Henry Walke, Virginia, naval officer, commanded
the Supply, and assisted in moving the garrison which
took possession of Fort Pickens. This was a first step to-
ward gaining possession of Florida.
The occupation of Fort Sumter was the occasion for the
sequence that the Confederates were caused to fire the first
shot of the War, which fact, in turn, was used to consolidate
the people of the United States in support of the admin-
istration for the prosecution of the War.
Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, Chief Engineer,
planned, proposed, organized and conducted an expedition
for throwing in reenforcements and mounting heavy guns
at Fort Pickens. The Powhatan, W. W. Queen, District
of Columbia, left New York for Fort Pickens April 6th,
1861, with the steamer Atlantic just ahead, carrying re-
spectively the artillery and troops. The Atlantic was
chartered by Meigs.
Robert Anderson, Kentucky, had removed his garrison of
64 men from Fort Moultrie on the mainland of Charles-
ton harbor to Fort Sumter, December 26th, 1860. Mont-
gomery Blair, Kentucky, Postmaster-General, interested
President Lincoln in the idea of provisioning and reen-
forcing Fort Sumter. The two southern members of the
Cabinet, he and Edward Bates, Virginia, Attorney-Gen-
eral, were the ones who voted in favor of its reenforce-
ment. Lincoln adopted the plan. The squadron of four
vessels, with two tugs, left New York and Fortress Monroe
from April 8th to 10th. Anderson was in command of
Fort Sumter. Confederate scouts discovered the Pawnee
and Harriet Lane outside Charleston Bar the evening of
April 11th. The Baltic also arrived with 200 recruits.
Anderson had informed the United States Government at
Washington that his supplies would last till April 15th.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, S. C,
April 12th and 13th, 1861. Two of the United States
18 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
vessels had cannon. The fourth arrived the aftei'noon of
the 13th. Anderson withstood bombardment until about
3 p. M. of the 13th. Officers' quarters and barracks were
set on fire the second day, and there Avas danger that the
magazine would explode. He obtained tenns permitting
his men to march out on the 14th. They embarked, the
Baltic taking him and his men away.
Fort Pickens, April 12th. A company of 75 artillery-
men were landed by the Brooklyn, of the naval force al-
ready before Pensacola. W. P. JNIcCann, Kentucky, re-
enforced Fort Pickens, April 14th-15th, 1861.
The United States regular army was very small, 16,000
men. There were United States arsenals containing thou-
sands of guns and a good supply of ammunition in the most
northerly of the southern States. It was of critical mo-
ment which side should seize them. The Federals had
slight means to resist their seizure until armies could be
created in the North and marched down, unless Federals
should spring up in those southern States and contend for
these munitions of war. The regulars were principally in
the west, guarding the frontier against the Indians.
April 15th, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000
volunteers, calling upon the governor of each State desig-
nated for a certain number of men. The governors were,
ex officio, commanders-in-chief of the army and navy of
their respective States.
Richard Yates, Kentucky, was governor of Illinois un-
til 1865. He endorsed the call for troops, convened the
Legislature in extra session immediately, and moved troops
to the southern part of the State. The people of south-
ern Illinois declared they would never suffer a northcni
army to pass the southern boundary of Illinois for the pur-
pose of invading a southern State. Yates was active in
raising volunteers. The aggregate from Illinois for the
War was 259,147. Yates was relied on by President
Lincoln. General Richard Oglesby, Kentucky, incapaci-
tated by a wound, was governor of Illinois in 1865.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 19
Samuel J. Kirkwood, Maryland, was governor of Iowa
to 1864. He sent about fifty regiments to the War, most
of them for three years. The result was that Iowa was
one of the few States in which there was no draft.
Alvin Saunders, Kentucky, was governor of Nebraska
Territory from 1861 to the end of the War. He raised
3,000 Federal troops.
Frederick P. Stanton, Virginia, was governor of Kansas
Territory from the beginning of the War to June, 1861.
Pie acted with wisdom and judgment.
Abraham Rencher, North Carolina, was governor of
New Mexico Territory. Some Federal troops were raised
in New Mexico. Rencher held the Territory against the
Confederates.
Henry S. Lane, Kentucky, carried Indiana for the Re-
publican ticket in 1860, and became governor of the State
on January 11th, 1861, but served only four days. By an
arrangement he became United States senator and the
power of the State was thrown in favor of the Lincoln ad-
ministration.
Thos. H. Hicks, Maryland, was governor of Maryland
to 1862. He had the Legislature meet in special session in
the western part of the State, where the Federal sentiment
was strong, on April 24th. Augustus W. Bradford, Mary-
land, succeeded him, continuing until 1865. He was a
strong Federal. Upon Lee's entrance in 1862, he suc-
ceeded in bringing out Maryland volunteers. Upon Lee's
entrance again in 1863, his call drew forth a number of
troops for defense. Thos. Swann, Virginia, was gov-
ernor of Maryland from January, 1865. He supported
the Federal administration.
The governors then in office in Kentucky and Missouri
were against an armed conflict with the Confederate States,
and rejected the call for volunteers. Jas. F. Robinson,
Kentucky, assumed the duties of governor of Kentucky in
1862, continuing till the fall of 1863. His conduct of
affairs was in accord with the Federal administration.
20 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Thos. E. Branilette, Kentucky, was governor from then
till the close of the War. He had been a Federal army
officer.
Hamilton R. Gamble, Virginia, was governor of Mis-
souri, 1861—1864. He was one of the recognized leaders
of the Federal movement in Missouri. When the State
Convention declared the office of governor vacant, he was
chosen provisional governor. He was confronted by grave
problems. He was a good counselor of the administration
at Washington. Federal General Thos. C. Fletcher, Mis-
souri, was governor of Missouri in 1865.
Francis H. Pierpont, Virginia, was governor of Federal
A^irginia from 1861 throughout the War. He was a pro-
nounced anti-slavery man and worked zealously for the
Federals.
Andrew Johnson, North Carolina, became military gov-
ernor of Tennessee in 1862. He raised 25 regiments for
service in Tennessee.
Andrew J. Hamilton, Alabama, was military governor of
Texas.
In the early stages there was a struggle of mind against
mind in Mar3dand, Kentucky, and Missouri, and to some
extent in other southern States, between those for and
against secession to throw the power of the State and range
the majority of the people on the one side or the other.
The anti-secessionists in all three States temporized, played
for delay and urged a waiting policy.
In Maryland the secessionists did not form a military
force and battle with arms for the possession of the State
Government. The anti-secessionists were not placed under
the necessity of literally fighting for the State, and no
secession army sprung up in Maryland to necessitate the
employment of any army from the North to defeat it.
This effort and expense were saved. The Maryland Fed-
erals went forth and joined the other Federal troops in
the North or in the District of Columbia, and the Con-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 21
federates went South and joined the Confederate armies in-
stead of fighting in their own State.
In Kentucky the State Government early requested that
the armies of both sides should not enter the State, and
the secessionists did not rise in arms and force those op-
posed to them to battle against them. Loosely organized
companies of militia called Home Guards were created,
hostile to the secessionists, in Louisville and other places
when war impended. Many of these afterward became
soldiers of the regular Federal armies, and others remain-
ing in the State did important service. Militia were raised
by the secessionists and named State Guards, but the drift
of them was into the Confederate armies outside the State.
So there was not civil war in Kentucky between the Home
Guards and State Guards. Occasional minor clashes oc-
curred directly between them.
In Missouri existing bodies of " Wide- A wakes " were
converted into " Home Guards " and other Home Guards
were organized. The Governor, C. F. Jackson, S3'mpa-
thizing with the Confederates, started collecting and or-
ganizing State troops to restrain INIissourians from join-
ing the Federals, and to dissuade the Federal Government
from camping Federals troops within the State, but an
early reverse disarmed the Governor's chief force, and the
Federals were able to gain the upper hand before the Gov-
ernor could obtain arms and collect a sufficient force to de-
feat them. The Governor was deposed, and the power
of the State Government was thereafter exerted through-
out the War against the Confederates. Thus the seces-
sionists were never possessed of the military power of the
State from the beginning. So the Federals were never at
the disadvantage of struggling to wrest it from them. The
disadvantage was on the side of the Confederates, and
they tried unsuccessfully through the War to take the
authority from the Federals, Confederate armies from else-
where aiding the Missouri secessionists to make incursions
22 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
into the State, and being resisted largely by iSIissouri Fed-
erals. Missouri Federals also did niueh fighting in other
States. In the convention campaign F. P. Blair was the
leader of the unconditional union party. He drew many
men opposed to secession from the older parties by using
this party name.
In western Virginia the anti-secessionists were strong
enough to make of that section the new State of West
Virginia. Western Virginia citizens, in communication
with the people beyond their western border, determined to
resist eastern Virginia with their help, and together they
expelled the Confederates.
In Tennessee there was a strong Federal party at the
outbreak of the War. When Gov. Harris was driven from
Nashville in February, 1862, Andrew Johnson was ap-
pointed military governor, and considerable of the power
of the State was wielded in the Federal behalf.
Arkansas was fairly divided between those in favor of
and those opposed to secession in the early part of 1861.
An ordinance of secession was passed May 6th, 1861. In
October and November, 1863, delegates met at Fort Smith,
Ark., to take steps to reorganize the State Government, and
in January, 1864, a convention met at Little Rock and
framed a constitution which was accepted by the people.
In April, 186-i, a Federal State Government was organized.
J. A. ]\IcClemand, Kentucky, recruited a brigade. Jas.
M. Shackelford, Kentucky, raised two Kentucky regiments.
Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, organized a cavalry regiment.
Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky, raised two regiments. E.
H. Hobson, Kentucky, organized a regiment. W. E.
Woodruff, Kentucky, helped establish " Camp Clay," and
raise two regiments. Camp Clay was just above Cincin-
nati. Robert Anderson, Kentucky, opened a recruiting
office there for volunteers from Kentucky and western Vir-
ginia. Two Kentucky regiments organized at Camp Clay
were in western Virginia in July, 1861, and fought in the
western Virginia campaign. Louisville and immediate
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 23
vicinity furnished the principal part of seven Federal reg-
iments. Tlie Federal armies took possession of Kentucky,
and by 1862 the Confederate forces had evacuated tlie
State. Including the Home Guards and those who enlisted
hut were never mustered in, Kentucky furnished more than
90,000 Federal troops, over 75,000 of them white, includ-
ing active Home Guards who did not serve outside the State.
Two Kentucky regiments were engaged at Mill Springs ;
fourteen at Shiloh ; eight at Perryville; thirteen at ]\Iur-
freesboro; nine in the east Tennessee expedition of 1863;
fifteen at Chickamauga ; eleven at Missionary Ridge, and
more than thirty in the Atlanta campaign.
Jas. Cooper, Maryland, took command of Maryland vol-
unteers and organized them into regiments. He was In
command of Camp Chase. George Vickers, Maryland, be-
came IVIajor General of State Militia. A. W. Denison,
Maryland, recruited a regiment.
S. H. Boyd, Tennessee, raised a Missouri regiment.
Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, recruited a Missouri regiment
and organized two more Missouri regiments. There were
thirty-seven Missouri regiments in the Federal armies.
In Indiana Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, organized,
equipped, mustered Into service and sent Into the field
40,000 volunteers from April to October, 1861. T. A.
Morris, Kentucky, was appointed Quartermaster General of
Indiana and had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first
regiments. As General, he commanded the first brigade of
troops who went from that State. W. P. Benton, Mary-
land, organized the first company offered by Indiana. J.
J. Reynolds, Kentuck}^ was In command of Camp Morton,
Indianapolis, April to May, 1861.
J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, organized a regiment In
Illinois.
Wm. Vandever, Maryland, organized a regiment in Iowa
and led it to the field.
Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was engaged in
organizing volunteers at Wihnington, Del., In April, 1861.
M FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Augustus J. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, Brigadier
General Pennsylvania militia, organized and commanded a
Home Guard of 10,000 men for the defense of Philadelphia.
Fremont was in Europe when the War began. He
bought a large supply of arms in France.
Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, did good service in keeping
Confederates out of New Mexico, in the operations there
in 1861-62.
At first, troops of the northern States west of Pennsyl-
vania were not concentrated there in armies for offensive
and defensive operations against the Confederate States
lying directly to the south of them. They were generally
sent east for the protection of Washington. Then Scott
planned a movement down the Mississippi River. This
was made the following year, but present movements were
directed against Virginia. Kentucky, Missouri, West Vir-
ginia and Maryland were buffers, saving the North the ne-
cessity of posting large armies at strategic points to the
north of them along their frontier, as well as relieving the
North from furnishing the armies of men which would have
been necessary for the conquest of these four States, had
their people been unitedly hostile, and enabling the Fed-
erals readil}'^ to put armies along their southern rather than
their northern boundaries for offensive operations against
the States further south. Many Tennessee Federals early
moved north into Kentucky and some Arkansas Federals
joined in Missouri the Federals there, helping Kentucky
and Missouri to form their line along their southern borders.
Alvan C. Gillem, Tennessee, was engaged in the defense
of Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla., from the beginning of the
War to October, 1861. Bennett H. Hill, District of Co-
lumbia, commanded at Key West, 1861—62.
Chas. M. Thruston, Kentucky, was engaged in guarding
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 1861-62.
The call upon Maryland for volunteers, April 15th, was
for four regiments of infantry. Gov. Hicks was assured
that they were not to be taken out of Maryland except for
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 25
the defense of the District of Cohmibia. He assured the
people that no troops would pass through Maryland except
for the defense of Washington.
The Atlantic arrived off Fort Pickens April 16th.
Wm. S. Harney, Tennessee, commanding the Department
of the West, which embraced all the country lying between
the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, except
Texas, New Mexico and Utah, as then constituted, re-
ported to Winfield Scott, April 16th, that it appeared Gov-
ernor Jackson, of Missouri, intended erecting batteries on
hills commanding the St. Louis arsenal. Governor Jack-
son planned thereby to capture the arsenal and obtain its
arms.
Harney, apprised of the danger of the capture of the
Fort Leavenworth arsenal, ordered infantry and artillery
from several of the western forts to march there with the
least delay. J. L. Reno, Virginia, w^as in command of that
arsenal from the beginning of the War to December 6th,
1861.
The Powhatan, W. W. Queen commanding, arrived off
Fort Pickens April 17th. Montgomery C. Meigs was al-
read}' there. 600 soldiers were lodged in the Fort with
provisions and artillery and other munitions of war that
night. Other reenforcements were sent afterward.
April 17th, Francis P. Blair returned to St. Louis from
Washington. He had procured from the War Department
an order placing 5,000 stand of arms at disposal for arm-
ing the Missouri Home Guards, if necessary. He raised a
regiment in Missouri within ten days from the issue of the
President's call. He hastened the recruitment of three ad-
ditional regiments, and he obtained from his brother, Post-
master-General Montgomery Blair, Kentucky, orders which
facilitated the use of the arsenal for his designs.
Chas. Gibson, Virginia, called a mass-meeting at St.
Louis. He wrote to Washington urging removal of mu-
nitions of war from St. Louis to Illinois.
The Virginia Convention passed an ordinance of seces-
g6 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
sion In secret session the night of April 17th. 55 members
voted against it ; 88 for it. Anti-secession members of the
Convention from western Virginia returned home via Wash-
ington, and the action of the Virginia Convention became
known to tlie Federal Government.
April 18th, a Union meeting was held in Louisville, Ky.
Roger Jones, District of Columbia, on duty at the
Hai-per's Ferry arsenal, destroyed it with 20,000 stand
of arms when Virginia troops came to seize it, and evacuated
Harper's Ferry the night of April 18th.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in the defense of
Fort Pickens from April 19th to July 3d, 1861.
April 19th, Federal volunteers from the North passing
through Baltimore were stoned by citizens. Soldiers fired
on the citizens. Maj^or Brown, of Baltimore, marched at
the head of the troops to stop the attack. Gov. Hicks
called out the local military companies with the same object.
Bridges on railroads from Baltimore to the North were
burnt that night.
Scott was charged with the protection of Washington.
Washington was cut off from the North for a week. Cas-
sius M. Clay, Kentucky, had enrolled there, quickly and dis-
creetly, a volunteer force of Federals called the Clay bat-
talion. Under Scott, a small force of regulars and this
battalion commanded by Clay stood guard and constituted
the defensive force at Washington until the arrival of the
first northern troops, April 25th. The battalion proved a
moral force. Afterward Clay, as Minister to Russia, was
influential in the detennination of Russia's stand in favor
of the United States Government. David Hunter, Dis-
trict of Columbia, had the duty of protecting President
Lincoln's house and person early in the War.
Some 200 unorganized men, during the night of April
20th, 1861, crossed the Missouri River at Sibley, joined a
company on the north bank, and seized from the .United
States garrison the Liberty, Mo., arsenal, obtaining a large
store of anns and ammunition.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 27
Clias. Steedman, South Carolina, naval officer, convcjctl
a regiment from Havre de Grace to Annapolis, Md. There
was little opposition hy the Annapolis authorities, April
20th-21st, to the landing there of the troops from the
Noi-th. The fact that Gov. Hicks did not call out the
militia to prevent the landing was encouraging.
Norfolk, Va., with the navy yard across the river, was
evacuated by the Federals the night of April 20th. The
navy yard and a number of vessels were set afire. John
H. Russell, naval officer, was instrumental in removing
vessels from the yard, preventing them from falling into
Confederate hands.
Governor Yates sent troops to Cairo April 21st.
Harney was relieved of command April 21st.
April 21st, Geo. H. Thomas, Virginia, with four com-
panies of his regiment, dispersed INIarylanders who threat-
ened to tear up tracks of the Pennsylvania Northern Cen-
tral Railroad.
At Clarksburg, western Virginia, April 22d, an assem-
bly of delegates of people of western Virginia was called to
meet at Wheeling jNIay 13th.
Up to April 22d Gov. Hicks had refrained from as-
sembling the Maryland Legislature. It appeared they
would have taken action looking toward secession, or other
action which would have been troublesome to the Federal
Government. He now issued a summons for the assembling
of the Legislature at Annapolis April 26th, feeling that he
would lose power if he refused longer. Federal troops took
possession of the railroad west from Annapolis. Later, he
changed the meeting-place of the Legislature to Frederick
— a strong anti-secession locality. They met April 24th.
His message to the Legislature when they assembled tem-
porized. A change in feelings expressed by Baltimore peo-
ple was perceptible in about a week after the attack upon
the troops. The Maryland Senate adopted resolutions
styled " Address to the People of Maryland," stating that
the Legislature did not have the right to pass an act of
S8 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
secession. The Legislature voted against a convention.
Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, kept open railroad com-
munication with the North from Washington.
21,000 arms from the St. Louis arsenal were taken to
Springfield, 111., April 26th. At Kansas City, Mo., anti-
Federals seized arms and ammunition destined to Fort
Union, N. M.
April 27th, President Lincoln formally empowered Scott
to suspend the writ of habeas corpus anywhere in or in the
vicinity of any military line between Washington and
Philadelphia. Hicks asked Scott to send a detachment of
troops to Frederick. He also acted to have troops in
Pennsylvania sent there.
Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, naval officer, on ordnance duty
at Washington when the War started, planned the bring-
ing of United States muskets into Kentucky in April. He
arranged for a secret meeting of prominent Kentucky Fed-
erals at Frankfort, Ky., which occurred in the latter part
of April. Men were designated to distribute arms to be
obtained from the Government in Washington.
Gov. Jackson, Missouri, had ordered that the militia be
assembled, each within its own district, on May 3d, to go
into encampment for six days. This order authorized Gen.
Frost, in command of the State brigade, to establish his
camp wherever he pleased within the City or County of St.
Louis. The Governor and his associates hoped that this
would place a sufficient force within reach of the arsenal to
seize it, without disclosing that this was the secret design
of the movement. However, the knowledge which the Fed-
erals had, and their aims, caused them to transfer the sur-
plus arms from St. Louis to Illinois on April 26th. Vol-
unteers had been armed and the regulars had theirs.
There were then more than 500 regulars and 5,000 well-
armed volunteers of St. Louis on the Federal side. Re-
moval of the arms from the arsenal had taken away the
motive which caused the Governor to order the militia into
camp at St. Louis.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 29
May 2d the Missouri General Assembly met.
May 4th Winfield Scott ordered that Relay, a few miles
from Baltimore, be taken possession of, by Federal troops,
which was done the next day.
The State brigade went into camp in tlie western part of
St. Louis May 6th. The camp was named Camp Jackson.
Besides the brigade of 700 men, a number of men had come
from all quarters of Missouri. Capt. Kelly's company was
detached and ordered to Jefferson City, the Missouri
Capital, leaving about 630 men. F. P. Blair and others
had organized over 6,000 Missouri troops. Blair was in-
formed that the Confederates had sent arms and ammu-
nition for the State brigade from Louisiana to St. Louis.
May 6th, 1861, Tennessee and Arkansas passed ordi-
nances of secession. The Federals lost the arsenal at Lit-
tle Rock.
The night of May 8th the arms, etc., from Baton Rouge,
La., for Gov. Jackson's men arrived at St. Louis.
May 10th, 1861, the regulars and Blair, with the vol-
unteers, marched against Camp Jackson; Blair, Benj. G.
Brown, Kentucky, and other leading Missourians having co-
operated in making arrangements. Brown was in the
march. The State brigade, with others, making 1,500
men, surrendered to the 500 regulars and 3,500 Missouri
volunteers. The captives were released on parole the next
night. There were ten regiments of Home Guards and
Missouri volunteers which had been organized. They fired
upon citizens in the streets of St. Louis who were taunting
them, killing 28. War measures were at once, May 10th,
adopted by the Missouri General Assembly.
May 11th a shot was fired into the ranks of a regiment
of Home Guards marching in the City of St. Louis, and it
fired a volley at the crowd. Several citizens were killed.
Home Guards tennfied the city. Gen. Harney resumed
command that day, and resolved to keep Missouri on the
Federal side. He took military possession of St. Louis,
stationing troops at all important points.
80 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, saw President Lincoln early in
May, 1861, and told him he must furnish arms to Ken-
tuckians, or, in the end, fight for the restoration of the
State. He laid before the President his plan for furnish-
ing arms to the Kentucky Federals. The President ap-
proved his plan, and agreed to furnish him 5,000 muskets
to be distributed in Kentucky. He authorized Nelson to
distribute guns to Federals of east Tennessee also. The
guns were shipped from Washington to Cincinnati. Nelson
went to Cincinnati and forwarded some to JefFcrsonville,
Ind., opposite Louisville. He went to Louisville. Ar-
rangements were made for orders to be given for the guns
by men in different localities of Kentucky. 1,200 guns
were assigned to Louisville, and were brought there and
issued to the Louisville Home Guards. Home Guards were
fonned in various localities, as soon as it was learned that
there were arms for them. Guns were sent to Paris, Lex-
ington, Maysville, Danville and other places in Kentucky.
By the exercise of ingenuity they were distributed
safely.
A committee from western Virginia went to Washington
to procure arms and ammunition. 2,000 minie rifles with
suitable ammunition were obtained. They were brought to
Wellsburg, Va., May 8th, 1861, and were distributed after-
ward from Wheeling, western Virginia.
First Wheeling Assemblage. — A mass-meeting of a large
number of Federals, nearly 400 delegates, from western
Virginia was held at Wheeling May 13th, which arranged
for the calling of a convention, and appointed a Central
Committee to contest the authority of the secessionists and
support the Federal Government. The Central Committee
worked vigorously.
A blockade of the Mississippi River at Cairo was es-
tablished May 13th.
The night of May 13th Baltimore was put practically
under martial law by the Federals.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 31
Henry L. Scott, North Carolina, was appointed Inspec-
tor General of the United States Army May 14th.
May 1-ith Gov. Hicks issued a call for four regiments to
make up Maryland's quota called for b}^ President Lincoln.
The offer was refused by the Administration. Volunteers
were obtained. Gov. Hicks collected arms and turned them
over to the United States Government. The Maryland
Legislature were to have reassembled May 14th.
The military bill passed by the Missouri Legislature upon
the capture of Camp Jackson put the military force of the
State under the command of the Governor, and the officers
and men were required to take an oath to obey him alone.
Harney, in a proclamation of May 14th to the people of
Missouri, denounced the military act, characterizing it as
indirect secession and unconstitutional.
May 15th the 1st Virginia Federal infantry regiment
was mustered in on Wheeling Island.
INIontgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, Quartermaster General
U. S. Army, directed the equipping and supplying of the
armies in the field from May 15th, 1861, to the end of the
War.
Kentucky Act of Neutrality, May 16th. R. T. Jacob,
Kentucky, resisted with boldness and efficiency the effort
to have Kentucky secede.
May 17th citizens of Louisville formed the " Union
Club," which helped determine the stand of Kentucky.
This was during the extra Kentucky legislative session of
May. A Federal municipal ticket was elected in Louisville,
May 17th. The magazine containing the ammunition be-
longing to the State was under the control of S. B. Buck-
ner, anti-Federal, but the new mayor of Louisville de-
manded the keys, and, backed by the Louisville Home
Guards, armed from Washington, enforced the surrender
of them. Subsequently the Louisville State Guard were
despoiled of their arms by the mayor's order.
B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, was placed in command of
32 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Cairo, 111., May ITtli. By that time there were about 5,000
Federals there. He organized camps of instruction there.
The camp was named " Camp Defiance." He strengthened
the post.
May 17th Harney telegraphed to Winfield Scott for
10,000 stand of arms for issue to Federal Missourians in
other counties than the County of St. Louis.
The Missouri Legislature divided the State into eight
military districts, the Governor to appoint a brigadier gen-
eral to command each, and a major general to command the
entire force when called into active service.
May 18th Sterling Price was appointed the major gen-
eral of the Missouri State force. By that date more than
1,000 volunteers for Gov. Jackson's campaign had gathered
at Jefferson City. State Guards were now organized.
May 20th, 1861, North Carolina seceded.
Magoffin, as Governor of Kentucky, issued a proclama-
tion on May 20th warning the people of the State from
taking any part in hostilities on either side, and forbidding
both the United States and the Confederate governments
from undertaking any occupation of Kentucky territory,
and from invading her soil with a hostile force.
An agreement, which came to be called the Price-Harney
Peace Agreement, was made between them May 21st. The
Missouri State forces were to abstain from fighting the Fed-
eral Government, and the Federal Government was, in turn,
to make no war-like move against the State. Blair's
brother-in-law, sent by him, reached Washington May 16th,
and persuaded President Lincoln to make an order reliev-
ing Harney from command of the Department of the West,
the weight of Harney's name and influence having had their
force, and extreme measures being now desired. The or-
der was sent to Blair, to be delivered by him to Harney as
and when his discretion decided.
An address from the Wheeling mass-meeting was issued
to the people of northwestern Virginia May 22d, and
separation of western from eastern Virginia was voted for.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 33
May 23d Virginia ratified at the polls the ordinance of
secession. The Federal Virginians, besides voting against
it, elected at the same time members of the General As-
sembly and of Congress.
INIay 24th the Kentucky Legislature passed an act for
the arming of the State. For that purpose a " military
board " was created. A ma j ority of this board was against
the secessionists. It was authorized to borrow money for
the purchase of arms for the Home Guards and State
Guards, but the law required that the soldiers should take
an oath of fidelity to the Constitution of the United States.
The Legislature took no pronounced action. The members
were too nearly equally divided to take any radical step.
The Governor was greatly disappointed.
Campaigns against Virginia. An army crossed the
Potomac River at Washington and advanced by stages un-
til it reached Bull Run. Another moved south a short dis-
tance in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Troops
reached Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by water, and started a
move on the Peninsula. A forward move was made from the
Ohio River into the interior of western Virginia. In east-
ern Virginia the object was to defeat the Confederate force
interposed between the Federal forces and Richmond, the
Capital of the Confederacy, and enter that city, and
the immediate defensive was the protection of Washington,
the Capital of the United States.
Federal forces crossed into Virginia May 24th and en-
camped opposite Washington. A detachment set foot
upon the east bank of the Ohio River in western Virginia
May 26th.
May 27th Federals advanced simultaneously from Wheel-
ing and Parkersburg, clearing northwestern Virginia of
Confederates, and leaving the anti-secession people there
free to organize. Part of a regiment which had been or-
ganized in western Virginia took cars at Wheeling for
Grafton May 27th.
34 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
May 28th the " Department of Kentucky " was created,
with Robert Anderson, Kentucky, in command, headquar-
ters Cincinnati.
John Newton, Virginia, was Chief Engineer Department
of Pennsylvania, May 29th to July 23d, 1861, accom-
panying the army in the Valley of Virginia.
The advance reached Grafton May 30th. It was sent to
drive off the Confederates and protect the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad, they having burned some bridges on it.
Thos. A. Morris, Kentucky, had been placed in command
of all troops in western Virginia. Jacob Ammen, Vir-
ginia, and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were among those en-
gaged in the western Virginia campaign.
W. H. Emor}^, Maryland, had concentrated troops of
four forts at Arbuckle, Indian Territory, and safely
reached Fort Leavenworth, Kan., May 31st.
E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, was made acting brigadier
general of United States forces in New Mexico in May,
1861.
Fremont returned from Europe in May. He is among
those given some of the credit for the creation of iron-
clads to be used on the Mississippi River. Attorney-Gen-
eral Bates, Virginia, pointed out the necessity of creating a
naval force in the west to get possession of the tributaries
of the Mississippi River, then of the Mississippi itself.
The first step in the creation of a Mississippi flotilla was
taken in ^Nlay, 1861, by John Rodgers, naval officer, Mary-
land, in purchasing the Conestoga, Lexington and Tyler
and converting them at Cincinnati into wooden gunboats.
R. N. Stembel, Maryland, naval officer, helped alter, equip
and man them. Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, and
A. H. Kilty, Maryland, naval officers, assisted in organ-
izing naval forces that operated on the Mississippi in gun-
boats. John A. Winslow, North Carolina, naval officer,
helped construct the Mississippi flotilla and took two divi-
sions down to Cairo. W. D. Porter, Louisiana, naval
officer, helped fit out the gunboat fleet. He designed and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 35
superintended the construction of the gunboats Fort
Henry and Choctaw. Mound City, near Cairo, garrisoned
by Yates, Governor of Ilhnois, was made a naval depot.
At the junction of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, Cairo
was an important point, and the naval depot was a large
factor in operations. A. M. Pennock, Virginia, naval
officer, was placed in command at Cairo. He had charge
of it, with the naval station and yard, through the War.
He was fleet captain of the Mississippi Squadron. The
side holding the Mississippi could cut to the heart of the
other.
Harney relinquished command of the Department of the
West May 30th. Blair wrote the President May 30th out-
lining a plan for the President to authorize the enlistment
in Missouri of a sufficient number of troops to hold Jeffer-
son City, Lexington, St. Joseph, Hannibal, Macon City,
Springfield and other points, and to order the United States
troops at Fort Leavenworth, and the regiments that were
being raised in Kansas, to cooperate in resisting any incur-
sion into the State from the southwest. The leaders on the
other side were represented as being intimidated by the
blow struck at Camp Jackson. His plan embraced opera-
tions against the Confederates from the Arkansas line, also
to the Gulf along the west shore of the Mississippi.
Orders conformably were instantly given by President Lin-
coln, and a considerable force, fully 10,000 of them Mis-
souri troops, was available early in June, well organized,
armed and equipped for active service. There were then
10,000 at St. Louis, and several thousand Home Guards
In different parts of the State, generally well armed and
equipped. A thousand regulars were at Fort Leavenworth.
Against all. Governor Jackson had only a thousand par-
tially organized troops, and most of these were armed with
shotguns and rifles.
June 1st, Action of Fairfax C, H., Va. Chas. H.
Tompkins, Virginia, made a striking attack on a Confed-
erate force and gained a victory. He had two horses shot
36 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
under him, the second falHng and severely injuring him.
This cavalry success was the first of the War.
George H. Thomas, Virginia, was employed in opera-
tions in the Shenandoah Valley, June 1st to August 6th,
1861.
L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, went to Washington in June.
He was invested with authority to raise two regiments or a
brigade. He proposed and established " Camp Joe Holt,"
between Jeffersonville and New Albany, opposite Louisville,
recruiting from Kentucky.
Action of Philippi, western Virginia, June 8d. T. A.
Morris, Kentucky, adopted a plan of sending two columns
by night to reach Philippi from different directions. The
Confederates were surprised and routed.
June 4th the election for delegates to the western Vir-
ginia Convention was held.
June 5th 5,000 more guns from President Lincoln were
issued to the Kentuckians and the distribution proceeded.
That day B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, broke up an anti-
Federal camp, five miles inland from Cairo, 111. During
the summer and fall of 1861 O. I\IcK. Mitchel, Kentucky,
was in command at Cincinnati.
June 8th Tennessee declared herself out of the Union
by popular vote. East Tennessee voted against secession
more than two to one.
June 11th the Convention met at Wlieeling. Its mem-
bership embraced, besides delegates, the Federal members
of the General Assembly.
June 11th Gov. Jackson and General Sterling Price had
a conference at St. Louis to which F. P. Blair was a party.
Not peace, but war in Missouri was the outcome. Gov.
Jackson issued a proclamation June 12th calling the peo-
ple of Missouri to arms. Orders were issued that day to
the commanding officers of the several military districts
to immediately assemble all of their available men for in-
stant service in the field against the Federals. Gov. Jack-
son learned the 13th that Federal troops were embarking
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS G7
at St. Louis with the evident intention of moving up the
Mississippi River against Jefferson City, situated on its
south hank. The Governor and others steamed to Boone-
ville that night. Federal troops began moving on the 13th
by hind from St. Loviis toward Springfield, mostly Mis-
sourians, in addition to the IMissouri volunteers with some
regulars who moved by river from St. Louis that day,
arriving at the Missouri Capital, Jefferson City, on the
15th, and taking possession. About 1,700 Federals pro-
ceeded towards Booneville June 16th.
Action of Booneville, Mo., June 17th, 1861. The Mis-
souri volunteers were commanded by F. P. Blair, Kentucky.
Marmaduke was encountered, whose orders were to delay
the Federals, while other troops of his side united.
Marmaduke's force was dispersed when he attempted to fall
back in the presence of the Federals, under Gov. Jackson's
orders. The disarming of the State forces at Camp Jack-
son had given the Federals St. Louis and all the adjacent
counties. The advance upon the Missouri Capital had
caused the State Government to evacuate it, losing prestige
and much authority. After Booneville, the State forces
had to give up the line of the Missouri and retire to the
southern part of the State, the Federals gaining the power
to call into their service part of the men in the region
between.
Blair, finding that Missouri had been detached from the
Department of the West, went to Washington and secured
the organization of " The Western Department," under
J. C. Fremont, with headquarters at St. Louis, the Depart-
ment consisting of Illinois, Missouri, and all the other
States and territories lying between tlie Mississippi River
and the Rocky Mountains.
June 17th the western Virginia Convention declared all
Virginia State ofl'ices held by secessionists vacant, and as-
sumed to fill them with Federals, forming a new govern-
ment, and convened a Legislature at Wheeling.
June 17th M. C. Meigs, Georgia, Quartermaster Gen-
38 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
eral, issued proposals for building Mississippi iron-clads.
The Wheeling Convention appointed Francis H. Pier-
pont provisional governor of Federal Virginia June 20th.
In Kentucky at the election for members of Congress
June 20th it was made clear that Kentucky was lost to the
Confederates.
An eastern Tennessee Union convention at Greeneville
declared its opposition to the Confederate Government
June 21st.
President Lincoln recognized the new Government of
Virginia June 26th.
Thos. T. Craven, District of Columbia, succeeded to the
command of the Potomac River flotilla June 27th. Con-
federates maintained a blockade of the Potomac until
March, 1862, when they retired to the line of the Rappa-
hannock River.
W. P. McCann, Kentucky, landed additional reenforce-
ments at Fort Pickens in June.
M. C. Meigs contracted for the Government in July for
the building of a number of iron-clad gunboats for the
western waters.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command of the Cheat
Mountain District of Virginia from July to December,
1861.
A Federal Virginia Legislature was elected and met at
Wheeling July 1st. Two United States senators were
elected by It.
Wm. Nelson, Kentuck}', had commenced the enrollment of
troops In central Kentucky'. He took the first steps to
establish Camp Dick Robinson July 2d. Nelson organ-
ized two camps and raised regiments.
Action of Falling Waters, Va., July 2d. T. J. Jackson
met the Federal advance under George H. Thomas, Virginia.
Besides obser^'ing, he delayed it with artillery. Thomas
moved to the attack and Jackson retired his small force.
John Newton, Virginia ; R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, and
J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, were among the Federals
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 39
engaged. Thomas, in command of a brigade, led the ad-
vance of tlie army towards Winchester, skirmishing at
Martinsbiirg, Va., July 3d.
Carthage, or Dry Forks, Mo., July 5th. This engage-
ment was nine miles north of Carthage. The retreat of
Gov. Jackson's force had been intercepted by the troops
sent bj' land from St. Louis, who attacked Gov. Jackson.
His superior numbers spread around both Federal flanks,
and the Federals thereupon retreated.
At Neosho, Mo., July 5th, McCulloch, marching to the
relief of Gov. Jackson, captured a company which the
Federals had left there. The Federal force from Boone-
ville had been close after Jackson. They had left
Booneville July 3d, with a much superior force. They
followed Jackson until they learned of his victory, when
they turned toward Springfield to the aid of their retreat-
ing comrades.
Fremont was put in charge of the Western Department
July 6th.
July 9th, 1861, the two Kentucky regiments at Camp
Clay embarked on steamers for western Virginia.
T. A. Morris, Kentucky, commanding at the skirmish
with the Confederates at Laurel Hill, or Laurel Moun-
tain, western Virginia, pursued them thence July 9th.
Combat of Rich Mountain, western Virginia, July 11th.
Morris was ordered to march from Philippi to a position
one and a half miles in front of Garnett's principal camp,
which was promptly done. A western Virginia citizen
gave information of a road whereby the Confederate left
flank could be turned, and about 2,000 men were moved
to do so. A detachment of about 350 Confederates, how-
ever, was found guarding the road at the mountain summit,
which opened fire when the Federals approached. The
detachment was forced from its first position, but with
reinforcements made a show of resistance on the crest
farther on. About half of Pegram's Confederates re-
treated southward during the night. The force remaining
40 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
with Pegram divided, and Pcgram surrendered 555 men, it
being thought that the region would not afford food enough
for his men to make their way east over the mountains and
across the wilderness. He had attempted to join Garnett
until this was found impracticable. The Confederates who
had retreated southwardly made good their escape. Gar-
nett, with the main Confederate force, retreated from
Laurel Mountain over Cheat Mountain and northwardly.
Morris learned of Garnett*s retreat at dawn and started in
pursuit. Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, fought bravely and
Durbin Ward, Kentucky, was engaged in this combat.
Combat of Carrick's Ford, western Virginia, July 13th.
Morris came up with and struck Gamett at Carrick's Ford.
Garnett was killed at a ford a mile or two farther on, in
a skirmish with Morris' troops. His men were not inter-
cepted in their further retreat east,
George H. Thomas, Virginia, drove in outlying forces at
Bunker Hill, July 15th.
July 15th, 1861, Nelson and other Kentuckians started
to establish a camp in the center of the State, " Camp Dick
Robinson." This is interesting as the genesis of the Army
of the Ohio, soon becoming the Army of the Cumberland.
Nelson was made lieutenant commander July 16th and
assigned to the command of gunboats patrolling the Ohio
River.
The army near Washington marched toward Bull Run
July 16th. Winfield Scott was unable to take the field,
having been unable to walk without assistance for over two
years, but he directed the movements in the advance.
General Morgan dispersed Home Guards at Cynthiana
July 17th. Green C. Smith, Kentucky, caused him to re-
treat southward.
John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the District
of northern Missouri, July 17th to October, 1861.
Action of Blackburn's Ford, July 18th. Barton S.
Alexander, Kentucky, was engineer officer of the troops
engaged. The Federals engaged fell back to Centreville.
CHAPTER II
Bull Run — Wilson's Creek — Hatteras Inlet — Bel-
mont— Port Royal — Mill Springs — Fort Henry —
Roanoke Island — Fort Donelson — Pea Ridge — First
Iron-Clad Battle — New Madrid — New Bern — Kerns-
town.
Battle of First Bull Run, or Manassas, July 21st,
1861. J. E. Johnston and one of his brigades had reached
the field from the Valley of Virginia the morning of the
20th. The Confederates faced north and were massing on
their right to strike the Federal left flank. The Federals
turned the Confederate left flank, David Hunter, District
of Columbia, leading the flanking force with his division,
which started the battle. He was severely wounded very
early in the action. The Federals gained ground, but by
noon Johnston's anny was united with Beauregard's and
the Federals were routed. John W. Barriger, Kentucky,
was brave ; J. R, Hawley, North Carolina, showed good
conduct. Barton S. Alexander, Kentucky ; W. A. Gor-
man, Kentucky, and Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, were
engaged. M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was present. D. S.
Miles, Maryland, commanded the reserve division at Cen-
treville. John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged.
Tompkins, Louisville Chief of the " Knights of the
Golden Circle," a secret anti-Federal organization, was
killed when just about to seize Louisville following the Bull
Run rout.
The IMissouri State Convention met at Jefferson City
July 22d. It deposed Gov. Jackson, vacated the seats of
members of the General Assembly, and established a State
Government antagonistic to the Confederates, using all its
powers to crush them. The holding of Springfield by the
41
42 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
arni}^ enabled this. A proclamation was Issued by the Fed-
erals, promising not to molest any man who had taken up
arms against the Federal Government, if he would return
to his home and remain there quietly, which kept thousands
of men out of the State Guard.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged on the defenses
of Washington July 23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862.
Fremont reached St. Louis July 25th and assumed com-
mand. He declared martial law in Missouri.
John Newton, Virginia, was Chief Engineer, Department
of the Shenandoah, July 25th to August 26th.
H. R. Gamble, Virginia, was elected provisional gov-
ernor of Missouri by the Missouri Convention July 31st.
One of his first important public acts was to obtain from
President Lincoln authority to raise a special force of State
militia, to be employed only in defense of the State, but to
be paid, equipped and supplied by the United States.
Fremont reenforced Cairo against a threatened Confed-
erate attack.
August 1st, 1861, the Federals at Springfield, Mo.,
learned that their antagonists were marching against them.
They moved from Springfield, with some prospect of strik-
ing the three Confederate columns in detail.
At Dug Springs, Mo., August 2d McCulloch's advance
force was struck and put to flight. The Federals returned
to Springfield later, fearing for their communications.
Confederates and State troops followed.
A large majority of the Kentucky Legislature elected
August 5th were against secession. The day after the
election recruits began to arrive at Camp Dick Robinson.
Volunteers flocked there from different parts of Kentucky,
many from the mountains, and large numbers from east
Tennessee. Gov. Magoffin Avrote President Lincoln, de-
claring the neutrality of Kentucky, and urging removal of
the forces from the State. Lincoln refused, on the ground
that the troops were Kentuckians and were not menacing
their fellow citizens.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 43
Nelson gave orders and sent men from Camp Dick Robin-
son to Lexington which, with Lexington Home Guards,
thwarted the purpose of the State Guards to seize their
arms en route to Camp Dick Robinson.
B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, occupied Cape Girardeau, Pilot
Knob and Ironton to prevent them from falling into the
hands of Plardee.
The western Virginia Convention reassembled August
6th.
Battle of Wilson's Creek, Oak Hills or Springfield, Mo.,
August 10th. A portion, nearly all Missourians, of the
Federal amiy marched to turn the right flank of the Con-
federate army, the Confederates facing east, while the main
body moved to turn the left flank the p. m. of August 9th,
which was accomplished. The Confederate right also was
successfully turned. Both Federal bodies attacked the
Confederates. The Confederates formed a line opposing
the attack from the north. Confederate troops east of
the creek were moved to support both parts of the field.
Confederates then attacked the body on their right flank,
routing it. The main Federal body was repulsed and re-
treated. R. H. Weightman, Maryland, was killed while
commanding a brigade. The Confederates were superior
in numbers. The Federal army retreated to Rolla, Mo.,
reaching there August 17th. The Federals lost 1,317 in
the battle and the Confederates 1,230.
Citizens of Maryland had formed an anti-secession
party. It authorized a State convention for August 15th.
August 15th Robert Anderson's command was extended
to embrace Kentucky and Tennessee, under the title, " De-
partment of the Cumberland."
August 20th the Federal ^^irginia Convention passed an
ordinance authorizing the creation of a new State in the
western part of Virginia, provided the people thereof voted
in favor of it. The ordinance provided for an election of
delegates to meet at Wheeling Nov. 26th, 1861, to frame
a constitution for the proposed State,
44. FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Campaigns by Water clown the Atlantic Coast. Hat-
tcras Inlet, guarded on cither side by Forts Hatteras and
Clark, was the entrance to Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds,
North Carolina, rivers flowing eastward from the center of
the State into them. Cities and towns were situated along
these rivers and sounds, and commerce Avith foreign coun-
tries could be carried on through Hatteras Inlet. An ex-
pedition against Forts Hatteras and Clark left Hampton
Roads August 20th. The need of a naval station and con-
venient harbor on the South Atlantic Coast led later to an
expedition against Port Royal, S. C.
Bombardment of Forts Hatteras and Clark, August
28th-29th, 1861. They surrendered August 29th with
670 men, 1,000 stand of arms and 35 cannon. Henry K.
Davenport, Georgia, and John H. Upshur, Virginia, were
engaged ; E. O. Matthews, INIaryland, and A. W. Weaver,
District of Columbia, assisted in the capture of the Forts
— all naval officers.
John Guest, Missouri, in command of the boats of the
Niagara, cut out the Confederate steamer Aid under the
guns of Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, in August, 1861.
During August John Pope, Kentucky, with about 5,000
men, was operating in northern Missouri.
A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, marched a regi-
ment from Utah to Washington, September-October,
1861.
By September 1st there had gathered at Camp Dick
Robinson, Ky., four Kentucky regiments and nearly 2,000
east Tennesseans.
Robert Anderson's headquarters were moved to Louis-
ville September 1st. He requested Thomas' services in
Kentucky.
L. M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, was in com-
mand of the North Atlantic Squadron from September,
1861, to September, 1862.
Sterling Price, advancing on Lexington, Mo., arrived at
Dry Wood, 12 miles east of Fort Scott, on the night of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 45
September 1st. Fremont ordered the troops at Jefferson
City, some 10,000, to Lexington's relief. He also directed
troops thither from northern Missouri.
The next to highest officer of the Kentucky State Guard,
brigadier general, was on the Federal side, Thos. L- Crit-
tenden, Kentucky. S. B. Buckner, Confederate, was com-
mander of the State Guard. Confederate General Polk's
force entered Kentucky September 3d, headed for Colum-
bus. The Legislature passed resolutions looking to its
expulsion by Kentucky troops to be commanded by T. L.
Crittenden. Fremont, having heard that General Pillow
was marching upon Cairo, had reenforced it with 3,800
men. Pillow abandoned the proposed attack. Fremont
arranged for the equipment of troops and ordered a move
on Paducah, which was occupied only six hours in advance
of the Confederates' appearance. Vessels were instru-
mental in the acquisition of Paducah. Confederate Gen-
eral Zollicoffer entered Kentucky In the east at the same
time with Polk's advance to Columbus, first occupying
Cumberland Gap. Polk occupied Hickman and Chalk
Bluffs, Ky., September 5th. The troops sent by Fremont
landed at Paducah the 6th. Polk took possession of Co-
lumbus the 7th.
Engagement of Lucas' Bend, September 9th. R. N.
Stembel, Maryland, naval officer, contributed largely to the
Federal success.
George H. Thomas, Virginia, was engaged in the De-
partment of the Cumberland from September 6th, report-
ing at Louisville that day. He was assigned to command
at Camp Dick Robinson September 10th, relieving Nelson.
Thomas was given general direction of the Home Guards
in central Kentucky. He raised and equipped six regi-
ments and organized the First Kentucky Brigade, which
was the first brigade of the Army of the Ohio, or Cumber-
land — the nucleus of that army. Nelson was soon as-
signed to duty at Maysville, Ky., to organize a force to
operate in eastern Kentucky.
46 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
A rally of Kentucky Federal regiments took place, and
during the autumn forty were filled and in the field. There
were Home Guard companies in addition to these. The
Kentucky Confederates flocked to Camp Boone in northern
Tennessee.
Henry Walke, Virginia, commanded the gunboat Taylor
September 12th at Cairo.
September 12th the Legislature of Kentucky formally
allied the State with the Federals, and invoked the aid of
the Federal Government.
Combats of Cheat Mountain and Elk Water, September
12th, 13th and 14th. The Federals were attacked. Un-
der J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, they held their position.
Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was engaged. Reynolds' services
in western Virginia were of merit.
Siege of Lexington, Mo., September 12th to 20th, 1861.
Henry Walke, Virginia, made a naval reconnoissance to
Columbus, Ky., September 14th.
John H. Russell, INIaryland, boarded and destroyed the
Judah the night of September 14th. She was being fitted
out at the Pensacola navy yard as a privateer. She was
protected by shore batteries and 9,000 men. In this boat
excursion he was severely wounded and 20 of his 100
sailors were killed or wounded. Tliis is the most noted
cutting-out that occurred during the War, and received
special mention.
Wm. Nelson was formally exchanged from the navy to
the army September 16th.
Just before September 17th many unfriendly members
of the Maryland Legislature were arrested by the Federals.
A second incursion into Kentucky was conducted by
S. B. Buckner September 17th. The Confederates made
their way up the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and
Louisville was threatened. Reliable information that
Buckner meditated an advance on Louisville had reached
Anderson, He had Louisville troops assembled, and L. H.
Rousseau, Kentucky, was ordered to report in Louisville
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 47
with all available troops, as Buckner neared Louisville.
Rousseau brought 1,200 men from Camp Joe Holt.
Louisville was defended by more than 3,000 Louisville
soldiers. Anderson threw forward the force to Muldraugh
Hill, where R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, reenforced them
with additional companies of Home Guards and assumed
command. Buckner's locomotive had been purposely de-
railed, delaying him. He withdrew to Bowling Green and
intrenched. In conjunction with Buckner's movement,
ZollicofFer advanced, threatening Camp Dick Robinson,
reaching Barboursville September 18th. Thomas made
dispositions and Zollicoffer retired.
Thomas was engaged in organizing Kentucky and Ten-
nessee volunteers at Camp Dick Robinson from September
18th to October 28th. By the end of the year 28 regi-
ments of infantry and 6 of cavalry and 3 batteries had
been organized.
O. ]\IcK. ]Mitchel, Kentucky, was in command of the
Department of the Ohio, September 19th to November
15th. He constructed defenses at Cincinnati and organ-
ized volunteers at Louisville.
Thomas rendered abortive an attempt of secessionists to
assemble at Lexington, Ky., September 20th, with a plan
to seize the arms at Lexington and the Frankfort arsenal,
compel the evacuation of Camp Dick Robinson, reach
Louisville and gain the State. Thomas, by acting
promptly, sending troops to Lexington, caused the concen-
tration in progress to cease and the plan to be abandoned.
Robert Anderson assumed command of the Department
of Kentucky September 20th.
Lexington, Mo., September 20th. The Federals were
overcome and sui'rendered. Price took 3,000 prisoners, 5
cannon and 3,000 stand of arms. The final attack came
before the troops ordered there by Fremont had arrived.
John P. C. Shanks, Virginia, was with Fremont September
20th to November 19th. After the fall of Lexington,
Fremont moved against Price, who retreated south.
48 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Gov. Jackson called the Legislature together at Neosho,
Mo.
Fremont obtained guns from the Government at Wash-
ington the latter part of 1861.
John Newton, Virginia, was assistant engineer in the
constiniction of the defenses of Washington September
23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862, also commanding a bri-
gade there.
September 25th the Kentucky Legislature passed a bill
providing for the enlistment of 40,000 volunteers, to serve
from one to three years.
Fremont left St. Louis September 27th and took the
field. Concentrating from various quarters toward Se-
dalia, his Army of the West was formed in five divisions.
D. Hunter, District of Columbia, commanded the 1st di-
vision, and John Pope, Kentucky, the 2d. Fifty thousand
men were under Fremont's direction. Before this formi-
dable advance, and with Fremont moving divisions to inter-
cept his retreat. Price retired, eluding him, and Fremont
followed to southwest Missouri.
Action of Greenbrier River, western Virginia, October
3d. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, attacked the Confederates,
who held their position. Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was en-
gaged.
Thomas had established Camp Wildcat in eastern Ken-
tucky, to check the advance of Confederates through
Cumberland Gap. Zollicoffer, in October, moved as far
into Kentucky as London, near where he attacked the Fed-
erals at Camp Wildcat October 4th, and, after serious loss,
retired. Kentucky infantry there were under T. T. Gar-
rard, Kentucky, and S. P. Carter showed merit.
Anderson's health failing, he was relieved October 7th.
Action at Ivy Creek, October 8th. Nelson defeated the
Confederates, who retreated through Pound Gap into Vir-
ginia.
A. D. Han*ell, Virginia, naval officer, informed that a
large schooner was lying in Quantico Creek, and that a body
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 49
of troops had assembled there to cross the Potomac into
Maryland, boarded and burnt her, October 11th.
The first iron-clad was launched at Carondelet, Mo.,
October 12th ; six others followed in the next twenty days.
The Benton was a wrecking boat bought by Fremont and
converted into a strong iron-clad.
Some Kentucky regiments were engaged in an action at
Upton Hill, Ky., October 12th.
A North Carolina Federal movement, soon after sup-
pressed, was begun by a convention in Hyde county, which
declared independence of the State government October
12th. A convention was called.
J. B. S. Todd, Kentucky, was in command of the North
Missouri District from October 15th to December 1st,
1861. Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, was in command of a
brigade at Camp Nevin, Kentucky, October 16th to De-
cember 24!th.
Action at Rock Castle Hills, October 21st. Troops
sent by Thomas were attacked by Confederates, who were
repulsed in the morning and again in the afternoon.
Action at West Liberty, Ky., October 23d. Some Ken-
tucky regiments were engaged.
Fremont, October 24th, sent forward a small force,
which struck a Confederate force next day guarding
Springfield, and charged into Springfield. Fremont's
bodyguard was part of the force. Prisoners were freed.
The Confederates lost there October 26th, and Fremont
occupied Springfield October 27th. J. McA. Palmer, Ken-
tucky, and Wm. Vandever, Maryland, accompanied Fre-
mont in the Springfield campaign.
A minority of the whole membership of the Missouri
Legislature passed an ordinance of secession at Neosho
October 28th. Delegates to the Confederate Congress
were elected.
The combined army and navy expedition against Port
Royal, S. C. — 50 vessels and 15,000 men — sailed from
Fortress Monroe October 29th.
50 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
In an action at Woodbury, Ky., late in October, S. G.
Burbridge, Kentucky, defeated the Confederates. Fed-
eral Kentucky regiments were engaged.
Some Federal Kentucky regiments Avere engaged at Cave
City, Morgantown and Rochester in October.
Engagements with Confederate batteries near Budd's
Ferr}', November and December, 1861. G. W. Getty, Dis-
trict of Columbia, was in command of the Federal artillery.
E. O. C. Ord, Mar^'land, was in command of the brigade
forming the extreme right before Washington, November,
1861, to May 2d, 1862.
November 1st Winfield Scott's resignation took effect.
November 2d Fremont received an order relieving him
from command of the Department of the West. He was
on the eve of moving south from Tipton. D. Hunter, Dis-
trict of Columbia, succeeded him. Price had retired to
the extreme southwest part of Missouri.
November 3d occurred a rising of Union men in east
Tennessee, who destroyed railroad bridges.
John Rodgers, Maryland, made a reconnoissance in force
of Port Royal harbor November 5th.
Combat of Belmont, Mo., November 7th. Fremont had
arranged for a demonstration upon Columbus, Ky. The
gunboats Tyler and Lexington escorted the transports con-
taining two brigades of 3,100 men. J. A. McClemand,
Kentucky, commanded one brigade. Henry Walke, Vir-
ginia, was in naval command, on the Tyler, and R. N.
Stembel, Maryland, commanded the Lexington. The Con-
federates were driven to the river bank, and their camp
was captured. The gunboats engaged the batteries across
the river at Columbus, Ky., as a diversion. The Confed-
erates on the Missouri side were reenforced from Columbus,
and the Federals made their way back to the gunboats.
Officers of the gunboats were informed by ]\IcClernand of
the approach of the Confederates, who pursued the troops
to the landing and opened on the transports filling with
soldiers. The fire of the gunboats caused the Confederates
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 51
to withdraw. The regiment of Napoleon B. Buford, Ken-
tucky, became separated and made its way north by a road
back from the river. They were taken aboard a trans-
port. The gunboats had covered the retreat of the
troops, protected them, prevented the Confederates from
cutting off a portion on retreat, and took the troops away.
J. G. Lauman, Maryland, was severely wounded in the
battle.
Port Royal, S. C, November 7th. Bombardment and
capture of Fort Walker on Hilton Head and Fort Beaure-
gard. Naval and military expedition. Chas. Steedman,
South Carolina, in the Bienville, commanded the flanking
division, and so led the second column in the attack and
capture. Fort Walker was reduced and Fort Beauregard
was abandoned. John Rodgers, Maryland, served as aide
to the flag officer, performing many useful services, and
hoisted the United States flag over Fort Walker. The
Pocahontas, commanded by Percival Drayton, South Caro-
lina, damaged the Fort greatly. Thos. G. Corbin, Vir-
ginia, commanded the Wahash and fought skillfully.
John P. Bankhead, South Carolina, commanded the Pem-
bina. John H. Upshur, Virginia, and A. W. Weaver,
District of Columbia, naval officers, and Robert Williams,
Virginia, army officer, were engaged. Fifty-two pieces of
ordnance were taken. Port Royal was an important har-
bor and valuable for a coaling station.
Other forts on the contiguous coast were abandoned in
consequence of the victory at Port Royal. Rodgers and
Drayton, following the battle, made expeditions along the
coast. Drayton went in St. Helena Sound.
November 7th J. E. Jouett, Kentucky, with two launches,
captured and burned the schooner Royal Yacht, carrying
one 32-pounder, at Galveston. He commanded a detach-
ment of sailors and marines from the Santee. He had a
hand-to-hand conflict with the connnander of the Royal
Yacht, and received two severe wounds in the right ann
and right side and lung from a pike.
52 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
November 8th, the British vessel Trent having been
stopped, Confederate Commissioners Mason and Shdell were
taken off by D. McN, Fairfax, Virginia, who tried to do
it in the least exasperating manner. He first went on the
Trent alone. Mason was recognized and the crew from
the boat which had brought Fairfax was then ordered
aboard.
November 8th Confederate Colonel Williams' force,
pressed by Nelson, retired through Pound Gap.
The Army of the West, under Hunter, began to fall
back from Springfield November 8th. Hunter's command
of the Department of the West terminated the next day.
The Department of New Mexico was reestablished No-
vember 9th, and E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, was placed
in command thereof. He had earthworks thrown up at
Fort Craig, and had Fort Union converted into a field-
work, with bomb-proof quarters. J. C. McFerran, Ken-
tucky, built the depot and post at Fort Union 1861—62.
November 12th President Lincoln ordered that a naval
expedition should be fitted out for the capture of New
Orleans.
November 15th Mitchel relinquished command of the
Department of Ohio, embracing Ohio, Michigan, Indiana,
Kentucky east of the Cumberland River and Tennessee.
November 16th INIcCulloch, learning of the retirement
of the Army of the West to the railroad tennini, Rolla and
Sedalia, started against it. Finding it had too much start,
he returned to northwestern Arkansas. Price, receiving
the information about the same time as McCulloch, marched
November 16th toward Newtonia and then on to Osceola.
November 18th the North Carolina Federal Convention
elected a provisional governor, after declaring vacant all
State offices. A Kentuck}'^ secession Convention met the
same da}'.
O. McK. Mitchel, Kontuck}', was assigned to the
command of Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, November
19th.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 53
David Hunter, District of Columbia, commanded the
Department of Kansas from November 20th, 1861, to
March 11th, 1862.
Fort McRae, November 22d. J. C. P. DeKrafFt, Dis-
trict of Columbia, naval officer, fought this Fort.
November 24th John Rodgers took possession of Tybee
Island.
November 26th the Wheeling Convention met to frame
a constitution for the proposed State of West Virginia.
The people of the counties named in the ordinance author-
izing the erection of the new State who voted nearly all
voted in favor of its creation.
November 29th Thomas was placed in command of all
troops in the eastern half of Kentucky (from New Haven).
From November 30th he ranked as Commander of the first
division, Army of the Ohio, afterward renamed " Army of
the Cumberland."
November 30th the Kentucky secessionist Convention
passed an ordinance of secession.
Some Kentucky regiments fought at Ivy Mountain,
Brownsville and Somerset in November.
December 1st the Federal Virginia Legislature met at
Wheeling.
December 3d, Mitchel, Kentucky, was given command
of the 3d division ; Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, of the 4th
division, and T. L. Crittenden of the 5th division. Army
of the Ohio. A large portion of IVIitchel's division had
seen service in western Virginia and under Nelson in eastern
Kentucky. Thomas assumed command of the first divi-
sion on the 6th.
December 10th the Confederate Congress admitted Ken-
tucky into the Confederacy.
At Seabrook and Port Royal Ferry December 11th J. P.
Bankhead, South Carolina, commanding the Pembina, was
engaged. Federals got the works.
Gabriel R. Paul, iNIissouri, was in command of Fort
Union, N. M., December 13th, 1861, to March, 1862.
54 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Percival Drayton, South Carolina, was sent on a recon-
noissance of the North Edisto River, December 16th,
1861.
Actions of Shawnee Mound and Milford, Blackwater
stream, Missouri, Dec. 18th. Pope surrounded and forced
the surrender of 1,300 men. Pope's operations led to the
retirement of Price from the Osage River toward Spring-
field. He captured a large supply of provisions from the
Confederate stock.
Action of Dranesville, Virginia, December 20th. E. 0.
C. Ord, Maryland, in command of the troops engaged,
repulsed J. E. B. Stuart by bravery and merit.
B. ]\I. Prentiss, Virginia, commanding the District of
Northern Missouri, was ordered to commence a vigorous
campaign. He left Palmyra, Mo., December 24th.
George B. Balch, Tennessee, naval officer, volunteered
for command of the boats in taking possession of Tybee
Island, December 26th.
Jas. L. Donaldson, Maryland, commanded the District
of Santa Fe, December 26th, 1861, to March 9th, 1862.
Combat of Mt. Zion Church, near Hallsville, Mo., De-
cember 28th. Prentiss attacked the Confederates and
drove them from the field after a hard struggle. The
result of Prentiss' operations was a dispersal of Confed-
erates north of the Missouri River in Missouri.
Sacramento, Ky., December 28th, Some Federal Ken-
tucky regiments fought here. Some Federal Kentucky
regiments fought at Bacon Creek and Rowletts in De-
cember.
By the close of the year the navy held the important
approaches to the southern States by water from Cape
Hatteras to Florida, with the exception of Charleston,
Savannah and Wilmington.
John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the District of
Central Missouri, December, 1861, to February 18th, 1862.
He organized rapidly an army of about 12,000 men.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was engaged in organizing
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 55
Indiana volunteers from January, 1862, to November,
1862.
W. R. Terrill, Virginia, was chief of artillery of the
2d division, Army of the Ohio, in the campaigns from Jan-
uary to June, 1862.
Seabrook, and Port Royal Ferry, January 1st, 1862.
Bankhead was engaged.
Combat of INIiddle Creek, opposite Prestonburg, Ky.,
January 10th, 1862. The majority of the troops were
southern. Some Kentucky regiments were engaged. D.
W. Lindsey, Kentucky, was engaged. The Confederates,
under Marshall, retreated precipitately.
While the Federals had taken Hatteras Inlet, the Con-
federates had fortified Roanoke Island, commanding the
channel between Hatteras Inlet and Albemarle Sound. L.
AI. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, commanding the
North Atlantic Squadron, planned and executed an army
and navy expedition thereto sailing from Fortress Monroe
January 11th and arriving January 13th, 1862.
T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was placed In command of the
6th division, Army of the Ohio, January 15th, 1862. He
displayed great energy In organizing it.
The Nashville Campaign. The Confederates occupied
a line In southern Kentucky, with the east around Somer-
set ; the center about Bowling Green, and the west at Co-
lumbus. The Cumberland and Tennessee rivers extend
southeast from the Ohio River not far from its mouth,
and the Federal fleet gave the Federals possession of all
three rivers so that they could Intervene between the Con-
federate center and west. The Confederates had blocked
the way at the Tennessee line on both rivers with forts.
This protected Nashville, on the Cumberland, the Capital
of Tennessee.
Combat of Mill Springs, Logan's Cross Roads, or
Somerset, Ky., January 19th and 20th, 1862. This was
the first army conflict won by the Federals. It Improved
56 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the morale of the Federal armies. In January, 1862, Zol-
licofFer, Confederate, began to move further into Kentucky.
George H. Thomas, Virginia, marched from Lebanon, Ky.,
against him. He advanced to attack the Confederate left
with his main force while another body should attack the
Confederates in front. Crittenden, Confederate, moved
Zollicoffer against Thomas, hoping to defeat him while his
forces were separated. Thomas had placed detachments
of cavalry and infantry to the front to guard against sur-
prise. Upon the advance of the Confederates S. S. Fry,
Kentucky, formed his men and led them at double-quick in
the direction of firing upon an infantry regiment and
cavalry. He took position along a fence in the edge of
the woods. An open field was in his front, crossed by a
ravine parallel to his front. He was attacked hard. Zol-
licoffer mistook a Federal regiment of Kentuckians for
Confederates. Fry and others shot at Zollicoffer, who fell
dead. Confederates were getting on the right flank of the
4th Kentucky infantry when Thomas appeared. He hur-
ried troops to the exposed flank. He placed men to cover
Fry's exposed and overlapped right flank. He met Crit-
tenden's advance with dispositions which told. An ad-
vance of the 12th Kentucky regiment and movement of
east Tennesseans under Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, checked
the Confederate right, and it soon began to give back.
The Confederate left flank was turned, a bayonet charge
against the Confederate left was successful, and the whole
line broke and retreated. Thomas exposed himself during
the battle. The 1st, 4th and 12th Kentucky, 2d east
Tennessee, and four northern regiments were the ones en-
gaged in the combat. As the pursuit began, J. i\L Har-
lan, Kentucky, with the 10th Kentucky, reached the field.
The Confederates lost at the river twelve guns, where they
were cannonaded till dark. During the night they re-
treated across the river. Much property was captured.
The Confederates lost 392 men. About 4,000 men on each
side were engaged at Mill Springs. A. C. Gillem, Ten-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERxV FEDERALS 57
nessee, and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were among those en-
gaged. This was the only positive victory won by the
Federals in Kentucky during the War. It forced back the
Confederate line thereabouts and exposed Cumberland Gap.
For the New Orleans expedition, David G. Farragut,
Tennessee, sailed January 20th.
Little Tybee River near Savannah, Ga., January 26th.
John Rodgers, Maryland, opened fire on five Confederate
vessels, which were driven back.
Some Federal Kentucky regiments fought at Paintsville
and Pound Gap in January.
A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, was in command of siege ar-
tillery and Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Ohio, Feb-
ruary to June, 1862.
The fort on the Tennessee River near the Tennessee-
Kentucky boundary line was Fort Henry. The location
was vulnerable from the water. Possession of Fort
Henry would enable the Federals to invest Fort Donelson
on the land side. Fort Donelson was the Cumberland
River defense, a few miles from Fort Henry. The fall of
Fort Donelson would open the Cumberland for the fleet to
proceed up to Nashville, and dictate the retirement of the
Confederate army from Bowling Green through Nashville,
giving up Nashville.
Navy and army advance on Fort Henry from Cairo,
111., February 2d. Seven gunboats with transports con-
taining 17,000 soldiers started. Upon this movement
against Fort Henry, A. S. Johnston retired toward Nash-
ville.
Bombardment and capture of Fort Henry, Tenn., Feb-
ruary 6th, 1862. J. A. McClemand, Kentucky, assisted
in planning the expedition. Of the four iron-clads there
Henry Walke, Virginia, commanded the Carondelet, and
R. N. Stembel, Maryland, the flag-ship, Cincinnati, which
fired the first shot. W. D. Porter, Louisiana, had trans-
formed the Essex into a gimboat, with the same name. He
rendered efllcient aid in the battle. The Essex was the
58 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
target of the Confederates, but dismounted five of their
guns. The boiler of the Essex was struck, and Porter was
severely scalded. McClernand moved to surround the fort,
causing the troops to leave it to escape. The vessels re-
duced the fort. Stembel received its surrender. Walke
took charge of the fort, and held it until the troops ar-
rived.
Vessels went on up the Tennessee River to Florence,
Ala., before the 13th. They captured a steamer which
was afterward converted into a gunboat and ram, seized two
more steamers and burnt six.
Roanoke Island, February 7th. In this expedition
there were perils by land and water. The fleet brought
17,000 troops. L. M. Goldsborough, District of Colum-
bia, commanding the naval forces, bombarded on the 7th.
The Confederate fleet of seven vessels was also engaged.
The Confederates lost the Curfew. The other Confed-
erate vessels, short of ammunition, left that night. A lit-
tle after 4 p. m. Federal troops began to land south of
Fort Bartow to attack, one of the brigades being J. L.
Reno's. Goldsborough landed troops.
Roanoke Island, February 8th. The navy protected the
landing of troops. Jesse L. Reno, Virginia, led the left.
He penetrated a difficult morass and succeeded in deliv-
ering his fire from an unexpected direction upon Confed-
erates inside their work. He gained the right flank, the
other flank was turned, the attack was continued along the
front, and the work was carried by a simultaneous assault.
The fleet reduced forts. The Confederates were pursued
by Reno's and another brigade, and surrendered near the
northern end of the Island. The fleet passed obstructions.
The Federals marched against Price at Springfield Feb-
ruary 9th.
The capture of the forts and Roanoke Island was fol-
lowed up February 10th. In the engagements at Roanoke
Island Henry K. Davenport, Georgia, commanded the
steamer Hetzel and five gunboats, composing one of the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 59
three naval divisions. C. W. Flusser, Maryland, com-
nuuidcd the Commodore Perry . 2,650 prisoners and five
forts wore taken. The capture of Roanoke Island ex-
posed Norfolk and Portsmouth to attack from the rear.
Cobb's Toint or EHzabeth City, N. C, February 10th.
Goklsborough's vessels followed the Confederate fleet into
the Pasquotank River, engaged it and captured or de-
stroyed five out of the six vessels. Flusser sunk the Con-
federate flag-ship Seabird. H. K. Davenport M'as en-
gaged. The vessels went up to Elizabeth City and took
possession of it.
Troops took possession of Fort Henry, February 10th.
The men under Richard J. Oglesby, Kentucky, were the
first to enter. I. N. Haynie, Tennessee, was present.
The army marched from Fort Henry against the rear
of Fort Donelson, and vessels moved down the Tennessee
River, and, later, up the Cumberland. The Carondelet,
under Henry Walke, Virginia, preceded the others and
fired a few shells into the Fort February 12th.
Fort Donelson, February 13th. Walke, commanding
the Carondelet, took position and threw shells into the
Fort as a diversion for the army, moving to invest it. He
engaged the water batteries. J. A. McCleniand, Ken-
tucky, made an unsuccessful assault on the outworks with
three regiments.
Federals entered Springfield, Mo., February 13th.
Price retreated, with Federals harassing his rear.
Naval battle against Fort Donelson, February 14th. On
the A. M. of the 14th the investment of Fort Donelson had
been completed. The Carondelet for two days had main-
tained a fire beyond the Confederate range. On the 14th,
the other vessels having arrived, the fleet attacked the Fort.
Walke held his position in the front line of battle. The
fire was sometimes concentrated on the Carondelet. Two
of the four vessels were struck so as to render them im-
manageable and cause them to float down the river. The
other two covered them and the battle ended. The Caron-
60 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
delet was the first in and the last out, and was badly
damaged, many shots striking her.
Bowling Green, Ky., was abandoned by Confederates,
February 14th. O. M. Mitchel, Kentucky, hurried the
retirement of A. S. Johnston's rear-guard from Bowling
Green.
Battle of Fort Donelson, February 15th. The Con-
federates attacked McClemand's division, comprising the
right wing, early. McClemand fought the defensive battle
of the army this day. R. J. Oglesby, Kentucky, on Mc-
Clemand's extreme right, was first to receive the Confeder-
ate attack. He was fairly formed to receive it, despite
the sudden assault. He held his ground then, but later
was forced to retreat. The right was doubled on the cen-
ter. The center and right were forced around behind the
left. A brigade of T. L. Crittenden's division, sent from
the Army of the Ohio, maintained its position after all the
troops on its right and left had fallen back. It was then
ordered to withdraw and occupy the slope of a hill to the
rear. It twice repulsed its antagonists there in heavy
fighting, then was forced back to a new line. The Con-
federates advanced until they came within the range of
the gunboats below the Fort. McClemand sustained the
battle from early a. m. until 3 p. m., by his own conceptions.
The Confederates moved to hold again their position within
the fortifications, but before the movement was com-
pleted the Federal attack fell on a favorable place on the
Confederate right. J. G. Lauman, Maryland, took the
breastworks by storm, encountering an abatis on the way.
He was one of the first to enter. The lodgment resulted
in the surrender of the Fort and over 10,000 men the
next morning. Richard J. Oglesby, Kentucky, fought
bravely and J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, A. L. Chetlain,
Missouri, M. F. Force, District of Columbia and I. N.
Haynie, Tennessee, were engaged. D. Hunter, District of
Columbia, commanding the Department of Kansas, con-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 61
tributed to the fall of Fort Donclson by sending reenforcc-
ments promptly. Nelson, with the 4th division of the
Amiy of the Ohio, had been embarked to aid in the fight
at Fort Donelson, but did not reach there in time for the
battle. The river being opened, gunboats moved up to
Nashville, accompanied with an anu}'^ force, and took
position.
In an action at Sugar Creek, Ark., February 17th, the
Confederates were worsted.
Federal cavalry occupied Bentonville, Ark., February
18th. Mcintosh and Price were united. Federals, instead
of a front attack, moved from Sugar Creek to Osage
Springs — a flank movement which caused the evacuation
of the Confederates* strong position at Cross Hollows.
Valverde, Fort Craig, N. M., February 21st. Con-
federates had invaded New Mexico. E. R. S. Canby, Ken-
tucky, was in command of the Department of New Mexico.
Part of his troops were southern — some from New Mexico.
The Confederates took a battery on the Federal left and
won the field, but Canby fought with merit. Jas. L.
Donaldson, Maryland, was engaged, saving trains indis-
pensable to the security of New Mexico.
Federals occupied Fayetteville, Ark., February 23rd,
1862. The Confederates retreated into the Boston Moun-
tains.
Federals reached Nashville February 23rd.
February 24th Thos. T. Craven, District of Columbia,
commanding the Brooklyn, captured the steamer Mag-
nolia, a blockade runner.
O. McK. Mitchel, 3d division, with engines and cars
captured at Bowling Green upon A. S. Johnston's with-
drawal south, reached Edgefield, across the river from
Nashville, February 24th. Nelson, with the 4th division,
reached Nashville by water 25th. Nashville surrendered
26th.
Farragut sailed from Fortress Monroe February 25th,
62 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
against New Orleans, his fleet convoying an army. Tlie
rendezvous was Key West. He assumed command of the
West Gulf Blockading Squadron.
T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was in command of the 6th
division, Anuy of the Ohio, in the Tennessee and Missis-
sippi campaign, February 25th to June 26th.
Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, was in command of the
Southern ]\Iilitary District of New ]\Iexico, March to Sep-
tember, 1862.
Thomas' division had been sent to Louisville. There
it took boats for Nashville, debarking there March 2d to
4th. The 2d division, Anny of the Ohio, reached Nash-
ville ]\Iarch 3d.
Capture of Fort Clinch and Fernandina, Fla., March
2d. Percival Drayton, South Carolina, pushed through
the Sound and entered the harbor, and took possession of
Fort Clinch, the first United States fort retaken. Bruns-
wick, Ga., and its harbor, were taken the same day. John
R. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, and J. P. Bank-
head, South Carolina, were engaged.
Campaign to open the Mississippi River from the mouth
of the Ohio to Vicksburg, army and navy cooperating.
John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the Arm}' of the
Mississippi. The Confederate army retreated south from
Nashville, exposing Polk's forces at Columbus, Ky., to
capture. Upon Pope's advance, he evacuated Columbus
March 3d. Pope appeared before New Madrid March
3d, investing it. He was south of Columbus, and, by
crossing the Mississippi River, would have been in Polk's
rear.
Andrew Johnson, North Carolina, was appointed mili-
tary governor of Tennessee, with the rank of brigadier
general, his term beginning at Nashville, March 4th. As
such he raised 25 regiments for service in Tennessee.
The A. M. of INIarch 4th the Confederate army marched
against the Federal army in northwestern Arkansas, hop-
ing to cut off at Bentonville two divisions south of there.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 63
It arrived at Fayettcville with Price in advance. Arkan-
sas citizens rode to the Federal camp at Cross Hollows and
informed the Federal commands of the approach of the
Confederate army.
Wm. Vandever, Maryland, reached Huntsville, Ark.,
March 5th, and learned of the Confederate advance and of
Van Dorn's arrival and assumption of command.
T. J. Wood's division reached Nashville March 6th.
Battle of Pea Ridge, or Elkhom Tavern, Ark., March
6th to 8th, 1862. March 6th the Federals took position
at Sugar Creek, facing south. Strenuous efforts were
made to bring together the scattered commands. On the
march the rear-guard was struck at Bentonville, and the
troops, mostly Missourians, extricated themselves with dif-
ficulty, fighting all along the way until reenforcements
from Sugar Creek met them. Vandever's command from
Huntsville, having made a forced march of forty miles,
arrived at nightfall. Van Dorn's army came near the
Federal line at Sugar Creek that day. He moved at 8
p. M., and marched around to the rear of the Federal army
during the night.
Pea Ridge, March 7th. The Confederate line of battle
faced south in the rear of the Federal position. The
Federals, apprised, changed front. The Confederates had
hoped to get in position by day, but felled trees obstructed
their march. In the early fighting, Vandever's brigade
was ordered up as a reenforcement on the Federal right.
He marched from near Sugar Creek to Elkhom Tavern,
about a mile and a half, quickly, and formed. Soon his
whole line became hotly engaged. Price, from the north,
was fighting the Federal right, while McCulloch, under Van
Dorn, was fighting the Federal left from the west. Van-
dever was on the center and left of the part resisting Price.
After successful battery work Price's men moved forward
spiritedly. When within easy range, Vandever poured a
destructive fire into their ranks. They recoiled and fell
back. Vandever immediately advanced his brigade, driv-
64 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ing the Confederates until they fell back on their reserves.
He then retired to his former position.
After 2 p. M. the Confederates advanced against the left
wing there under Vandevei'. Vandever ordered forward his
infantry, and a fierce conflict ensued. The Confederate
advance was finally stopped, and they were followed by
Vandever to the protection of their batteries, when he re-
tired and formed his line just in front of Elkhorn Tavern,
leaving the Confederates in possession of the former Fed-
eral position. Another attack was made with additional
troops against the left there under Vandever, but the
Federals were not dislodged from their position in the edge
of the wood. Price had forced his opponents back a
quarter of a mile. David Shunk, Maryland, reenforced
them.
Between three and four p. m. Price renewed the battle
with a heavy fire, which was the signal for a general ad-
vance of his force. The battle raged with fury. A great
artillery fire was concentrated against the Federal position
about Elkhorn Tavern, after a flanking movement to the
Federal right. The Confederate infantry advanced to
the assault in heavy masses. A gap had been left near
Vandever, and, before he could close it, the Confederates
were upon him. In a desperate struggle, Vandever's bri-
gade was forced by numbers to retreat. It rallied behind
a rail fence in the edge of the timber. Other troops gave
way. Price again forced the right back. It had now been
pressed back a mile. Reenforcements were brought up
late in the evening from the Federal left wing, and arrived
where Vandever's men were retiring from their last stand
hard pressed, which stayed Price's victorious advance.
Price was afterward pushed back. Vandever this day had
withstood repeated onslaughts with great tenacity, yielding
only step by step, when exhausted by losses and without
ammunition.
Van Doni and ]McCulloch at first had the advantage on
the Federal left. It was hard pressed by McCulloch's
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 65
corps until about 4 p. m. McCulloch and INIcIntosh were
killed. The Confederates yielded there and disappeared
from the front, and it was therefore possible to reenforcc
the right, losing against Price. By night INIcCulloch's
troops had been rallied and bivouacked north of the battle-
field. They marched at 1 :30 a. m. to join Price and took
position on his right. During the night the Federal army
was placed in a new line a little farther back.
Pea Ridge, March 8th. The Federal army was united.
Vandever's brigade was soon obliged to change position to
avoid a raking fire from Confederate batteries. After the
batteries had been silenced, a general advance was ordered.
The Confederates were driven from the heights of Pea
Ridge on their right. The 12th Missouri regiment charged
and captured three guns. Cavalry turned the right flank
of the Confederate army. Before a general advance of
the center and right, the Confederates were forced back.
They formed successive new lines, but lost the day. Di-
viding, some retreated south on the Huntsville road, while
others retreated north, and some southwest. Those re-
treating north turned later into a road running east, and
by it were enabled to turn south and join Van Dorn, who
marched from Huntsville to Van Buren.
500 Confederates were captured. The Federal army
was composed largely of Missourians. Vandever's efforts
contributed largely to the victory. He aided in the defeat
of the Confederates on the 8th. Wm. P. Benton, Mary-
land, was conspicuous. F. W. Benteen, Virginia, did good
service. Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, was engaged.
Attack of Virg'mia on Wooden Fleet in Hampton Roads,
March 8th. The Virginia had been converted Into an iron-
clad from the Merrimac, a United States vessel which the
Federals had sunk when they evacuated Norfolk, and the
Confederates had raised and which was the first heavy iron-
clad that ever fought. The Virginia steamed down the
Elizabeth River at noon. She rammed and sunk the Cum-
berland. The Congress grounded, and, after fighting.
66 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
capitulated. Austin Pendergrast, Kentucky, in command
of the Congress the last of the action, swam ashore. Wm.
Smith, Kentucky, was on the Congress. The fight was off
Newport News. The St. Lawrence, commanded by Hugh
Y. Purviance, Maryland, and the Roanoke, coming from
near Fortress Monroe, grounded. They got off and sailed
back. The Minnesota grounded about half-way between
Fortress Monroe and Newport News. The Congress was
set afire with hot shot, shore batteries preventing the Con-
federates from taking possession. The Virginia returned
to Sewell's Point, ebb tide and approaching night prevent-
ing an attempt of the middle channel to attack the Minne-
sota. The Virginians ram was left in the side of the
Cumberland.
Battle between the Virginia and the Monitor, March 9th.
The Virginia came out at 6 a. m., fought the Monitor and
damaged the Minnesota. The Monitor got in shoal water.
S. Dana Greene, Maryland, executive officer of the 3Ion-
itor, had charge of the guns in the turret and fired every
shot while he was in the turret, which was till near the
close of the action. Soon after noon Greene assumed com-
mand of the vessel, and had a few shots fired at the Virginia,
when withdrawing.
The Confederate army in northern Virginia fell back to-
ward the Rappahannock River March 9th. The Confed-
erates had maintained a blockade of the Potomac River up
to this time.
March 10th Confederates occupied Santa Fe, N. M.
March 11th Fremont was assigned to command of the
Mountain Department, including western Virginia, eastern
Kentucky and east Tennessee as far as Knoxville.
The Federals took St. Augustine. Fla., March 11th and
Jacksonville 12th.
New Madrid, Point Pleasant, Mo., March 13th. The
Confederates left New Madrid March 14th and Pope occu-
pied it. He directed an investigation for means to convey
transports from above to New Madrid, so that, after
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 67
marching his army south on the west side of the Missis-
sippi River to a point below Island No. 10, the transports
could ferry it across to the east side, when he would have
the Confederates at Island No. 10 in a cul de sac. Island
No. 10 is at the bottom of a bend in the river. To avoid
exposing the transports to the batteries on it, a canal was
cut across the neck of the bend with the navy's assistance,
and the transports from the north reached New Madrid
through it without having to pass Island No. 10. J. McA.
Palmer, Kentucky, commanding a division, and Albert M.
Powell, Maryland, were engaged at New Madrid.
March 13th it was decided for the Army of the Potomac
to advance from Fortress Monroe as a base against Rich-
mond. R. E. Lee was charged that day with the conduct
of all military operations of the Confederate army, under
direction of President Davis.
The possession by the Federal vessels of the Tennessee
River to and below the southern boundary of Tennessee
cleaved west Tennessee as against the Confederates and ex-
posed Tennessee and that part of Alabama north of the
Tennessee River to the Federal operations, constraining
the Confederates to retire their line south of the Tennessee
River in northern Mississippi and Alabama along the
Memphis and Charleston Railroad, with Corinth as a stra-
tegic point. Decatur, where the railroad crossed the Ten-
nessee, is midway between Corinth and Chattanooga, the
railroad running north of the river from Decatur to
Bridgeport, not far from Chattanooga. The Army of the
Tennessee was moved to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing
on the Tennessee River close to the southern border of
Tennessee. The Amiy of the Ohio was started from Nash-
ville in occupation of central Tennessee and to unite with
the Army of the Tennessee around Savannah, where the
combined army would be in position to move on Corinth,
or, with the Army of the Mississippi, to surround and
capture the Confederate forces from Island No. 10 to
Memphis. O. McK. Mitchel's division was detached. He
68 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
left Nashville about the middle of March and advanced to
Murfreesboro directed against Huntsville, Ala., and that
part of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad north of the
Tennessee River. The 7th division, Army of the Ohio,
was organized before departure of the army from Nash-
ville.
The Army of the Ohio was largely southern in its or-
ganization and composition. The 1st division was com-
manded by Geo. H. Thomas, Virginia ; the 2d, knoAvn as a
Kentucky division, had as its original brigade commanders
Rousseau, Wood and R. W. Johnson, all of Kentucky ;
the 3d was commanded by Mitchel, Kentucky ; the 4th by
Wm. Nelson, Kentucky ; the 5th by T. L. Crittenden, Ken-
tucky ; the 6th by T. J. Wood, Kentucky, and the 7th was
distinctively southern.
Combat and capture of New Beni, N. C, March 14th, —
combined land and water attack. The vessels were from
L. M. Goldsborough's squadron. Reno, Virginia, broke
the Confederate left. There Avas a general advance by the
Federals, the Confederate center was pierced and the field
was gained.
March 15th Reno went over the defenses at New Bern,
then helped take the works. The Federals occupied New
Bern. The Confederates lost 9 forts, 41 heavy guns, 25
other guns, 578 men and large supplies.
Bombardments of Island No. 10 between March 16th
and April 7th. Walke, Virginia, commanded the Caron-
delet; Stembel, Maryland, Cincinnati; A. H. Kilty,
Maryland, Mound City. H. E. IVIaynadier, Virginia, com-
manded 11 mortar boats. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, com-
manded an army brigade with the flotilla.
March 17th the leading division of the Army of the
Potomac embarked for the Peninsula campaign.
The Army of the Ohio was delayed at Duck River by
high water. Nelson feared the troops at Pittsburg Land-
ing would be attacked before the two armies would unite,
and obtained pennission for his division to ford the stream,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 69
and it hurried on as the head of the army. His rapid
march through and beyond Waynesboro caused the rest of
the army to keep in motion, but for which it would not
have reached Pittsburg Landing before the battle was over.
Kemstown, or Winchester, Va., March 23d. T. J.
Jackson's attack was repulsed and he was forced off the
field. A force sent ahead in the morning was met success-
fully by S. S. Carroll, jNIaryland, and others. Wm. Har-
row, Kentucky, was engaged at Kemstown.
Siege of Fort Macon, N. C, March 23d to April 26th,
1862.
Action of Apache Caiion or of Glorietta, March 28th.
The Confederates were checked. Canby, Kentucky, ad-
vanced to Albuquerque, and the Confederates, having lost
their wagon train, retreated before him over a difficult
region, suffering privation, and finally moved into Texas.
March 29th Fremont assumed command of the Mountain
Department. David Hunter, District of Columbia, was in.
command of the Department of the South from March
31st, 1862, to June 3d, 1863.
N. B. Buford, Kentucky, captured Union City, Tenn.,
March 31st by surprise after a forced march; the Con-
federate camp and a large amount of supplies fell into his
hands.
The Constitution for the proposed State of West Vir-
ginia was adopted by popular vote in April, 1862.
Appalachicola, Fla., surrendered to the Federals April
2d.
Henry Walke, Virginia, volunteered to run the gauntlet
of the Confederate batteries on Island No. 10. Pope
needed a gunboat to protect the troops in transports while
crossing to the east side of the Mississippi River. Walke,
in the Carondelet, started from above Island No. 10 the
night of April 3d. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, commanding
the flotilla brigade, furnished some sharpshooters to go
with him. He passed Island No. 10, running the gauntlet
of the batteries, and reached New Madrid safely. This
70 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
was the first instance of successfully passing the Confed-
erate batteries, and attacking them in the rear, on the
Mississippi. It was a highly important example of what
could be done. It broke the blockade of the Confederate
line of fortifications without the loss of a man. It was a
valuable and meritorious achievement.
Walke silenced the field guns at New Madrid, so that
the transports conveyed through the canal landed in safety.
April -ith the advance up the Virginia Peninsula com-
menced. L. M. Goldsborough sent seven gunboats under
Wm. Smith, Kentucky, into the York River, beginning
April 4th. Among those engaged in the Peninsula cam-
paign were Robt. C. Buchanan, IMaryland ; John C. Tid-
ball, Virginia; C. M. Prevost, Maryland; J. B. Mcintosh,
Florida, and D. H. Strother, Virginia.
The Federal army around Pea Ridge moved April 5th
to meet a threatened raid of Van Dorn for the destruction
of Federal supply depots at Springfield and Rolla, Mo.
Some Confederate forces returned to northwestern Arkan-
sas. Price went to Tennessee.
IMitchel advanced from Murfreesboro April 5th on
Huntsville. His operations drew Kirby Smith from east
Tennessee, and left the way open for the seizure of Cum-
berland Gap. Thomas suggested the plan for the occupa-
tion of east Tennessee, and seizure of the railroad connect-
ing Richmond with the southwest, executed by Mitchel.
April 5th the Anny of the Potomac came upon Confed-
erate positions at Yorktown and Lee's Mill, Va. The oper-
ations before Yorktown lasted from April 5th to May 4th.
Nelson's division reached Savannah during April 5th.
It was ordered to move south on the east bank of the river.
Crittenden's division encamped for the night a few miles
back.
Walke captured batteries below Island No. 10 on the
6th with but little assistance. R. N. Stembel, Maryland,
assisted in the capture and dismantling of the upper bat-
tery on Island No. 10.
CHAPTER III
Shiloh — Fort Pulaski — Advance upon Corinth —
Forts Jackson and St. Philip — Capture of New Orleans
— Williamsburg — Craighead's Bend — Winchester —
Fair Oaks — Memphis — Cross Keys — Port Republic —
Seven Days' Battles — Baton Rouge.
Battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, April 6th and
7th, 1862. A. S. Johnston had succeeded in uniting armies
ahead of the Federals, and marched north to the attack.
One Federal division was camped further south than others.
North of it Avere McClemand's, behind, and Prentiss', to
the left of McClernand. Behind Prentiss was the division
of S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, and another division was
on Hurlbut's right, behind McClernand.
The vigilance of B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, gave the first
warning of the danger. He increased his pickets, and one
of the guards went forward and engaged the Confederate
pickets. He also sent forward five Missouri companies to
strengthen the picket guard, who opened fire upon the Con-
federate skirmishers, checking them for awhile. Prentiss
sent out a brigade at 3 a. m. of the 6th to find out what
was the exact force of the Confederates. It was struck
first. But for Prentiss' act, the whole Federal front would
have been struck unawares. His men were fighting in
front of the southernmost division. That division, sur-
prised, was forced to yield its position. Prentiss' division
moved forward. INIcClernand rapidly got under arms.
He sent three regiments to the support of the left flank of
the foi'ward division before the attack fell on him. Hurl-
but also sent a brigade to support its left. McClernand's
division held the right after the forward division had been
used up, and fought hard all day, McClernand showing in-
71
72 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
trepidity. The cannonading was heard at Savannah, and
Nelson was ordered to march his division south to Pitts-
burg Landing; i. e., just across the river from it.
Crittenden's and the 2nd division were hurried forward.
By noon a route to the battlefield had been found and a
guide obtained. Nelson hurried on. Prentiss rallied a
considerable force on a new line at 9 o'clock. Hurlbut
advanced to Prentiss' support, and Prentiss held his po-
sition until his right was flanked. He was forced back and
rallied on a line which Hurlbut was helping form in the
rear. McClemand had been forced back. The ground
was won and lost on his line more than once. He had to
change the front of half his command to the west. Hurl-
but, after 1 p. m., accepted the off^er of the gunboat Tay-
lor^s assistance, and indicated the proper line of fire for it.
Confederate batteries were silenced. A. S. Johnston fell
in Hurlbut's front. Beauregard took command about 2
p. M. McClemand detennined between 2 and 3 o'clock
to retire across Tillman's Hollow. A new line was formed
north of Hurlbut's headquarters. Hurlbut retired at 4
p. M., under pressure upon his left flank, having withstood
superior numbers five hours and charged thrice. This left
Prentiss and the division on his right isolated and imsup-
ported. Prentiss and some of his and the other division
were enveloped and forced to surrender. Their resistance
weakened the force of the attack which McClemand pres-
ently sustained in his 7th position on the river road, and
retarded the advance of the Confederates which occurred
nearly three hours after the retirement of the right wing
from the west side of Tillman's Creek. Gunboats aided
greatly in checking the victorious Confederates late in the
day. Hurlbut hurriedly got into line in rear of the siege
guns. A Confederate brigade and two of Chalmers' regi-
ments crossed Dill's ravine, and Confederate artillery swept
the bluff at the landing. Before the final attack Hurlbut
changed the front of two regiments, or parts of two, and
turned six pieces of artillery to bear upon the point of ex-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 73
tremity. The Confederates were succeeding in the final as-
sault and the left flank was within an eighth of a mile of
the Landing. For five hundred yards from the Landing
there was not a soldier in line or organized means of de-
fense. The reserve artillery could effect nothing against
the attacking force under shelter of Dill's ravine, and the
fire of the gunboats was harmless there on account of the
elevation necessary to clear the top of the bluff. Nelson
had humed on, had reached the further river bank, and
at 5 p. M. had succeeded in crossing the brigade of Jacob
Ammen, Virginia. At once, at the crisis, when Chalmers'
skirmishers had approached to within one hundred yards
of the battery protecting the position, and gunners were
already abandoning their guns, Ammen, accompanied by
Nelson, came into action. Ammen admirably handled his
brigade. This was a bayonet charge, the Confederates here
being Avithout cartridges, and Ammen's infantry supports
discouraged it. The attack was repelled. The deliver-
ance of the Federal army was assured when the battery of
W. R. Terrill, Virginia, of 24-pound howitzers, which had
just arrived from Savannah, Army of the Ohio, daslied up
to the support of the faltering line, and, with two other bat-
teries, turned the Confederate right. He handled his bat-
tery finely. Ammen repulsed a charge at 6 :30 p. m., and
the day's battle ended. The remainder of Nelson's division
crossed the river late in the evening and formed the left
flank next day. Gunboats kept firing every fifteen minutes
during the night. At night Hurlbut's left rested 500
yards from the river. The right flank was about a mile
from the river. The remnants of the forward division re-
maining on the field had been identified with McClernand's
division. He had occupied eight successive positions dur-
ing the day. Hurlbut's division retained its organization.
The mortality in it was greater than that of any other
division. There were quite a number of Federal Mis-
sourians who fought with great spirit on the extreme right.
The gunboats. Nelson's troops and Hurlbut's persistence
74. FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
were prominent in the saving of the army. The 2d
division reached Savannah late in the evening and was hur-
ried fonvard in boats. Crittenden's division reached the
field during the night on transports from Savannah.
Shiloh, April Tth. These two divisions were on the
ground early on the 7th, on which day the Army of the
Ohio formed the left wing. At 5 a. m. Nelson's division,
was formed and moved forward, leading the advance. The
battle this day started in his front. He was checked, and,
not having artillery, was forced slowly back. Artillery
supplied from T. L. Crittenden's division was efficacious in
stopping the Confederate advance. Crittenden commanded
the left wing of the Army of the Ohio. The tide of bat-
tle flowed to and fro on Nelson's and Crittenden's strug-
gling fronts. The Confederates attempted to turn the
left, held by Ammen's brigade. After hard fighting, it be-
gan to give ground. The left flank was then endangered,
but disaster was averted by the regular battery of W. R.
Terrill. A further strong attempt was made to turn the
flank, but Crittenden's and other troops reenforced Nelson.
Then a flank attack by Nelson and a front attack by Crit-
tenden, aided by Terrill's and other batteries, forced the
Confederates back. Crittenden was conspicuous. L. H.
Rousseau, Kentucky, took an advanced position early in the
day, repulsed a charge, gave a counter-stroke, drove the op-
posing force and captured a battery, and swept everything
before him. He handled his brigade well. It had hard
fighting and finally, with Hurlbut, aided in driving the Con-
federates beyond the southernmost Federal camp location
of the day before. Rousseau was steady and retook Mc-
Clernand's headquarters. Confederate guns on a new line
in the rear were captured by Crittenden. Nelson advanced
over ground lost the day before. Beauregard, fearing that
his line might break under further attacks, selected a new
position in the rear and retired, beginning at 2 :30 p. m.
McCleraand fought valiantly the 7th. S. G. Burbridge,
Kentucky, was conspicuous. E. H. Hobson, Kentucky,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 75
fought with skill. T. J. Wood's division reached the field
during the day and he was engaged. J. G. Lauman, ]\Iary-
land, commanded one of Hurlbut's brigades. R. W. John-
son, Kentucky ; M. F. Force, District of Columbia ; Alvan
C. Gilleni, Tennessee; A. L. Chetlain, Missouri; I. N. Hay-
iile, Tennessee; Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky; W. C. Whit-
taker, Kentucky; J. T. Boyle, Kentucky; Durbin Ward,
Kentucky; S. D. Bruce, Kentucky, and T. T. Crittenden,
Alabama, were engaged. 14 Kentucky regiments were in
the two days' battle.
Confederate Kentucky Gov. Johnson was killed at
Shiloh. Hawes succeeded.
Walke captured remaining batteries below Island No.
10 on the 7th with some assistance. That day the gar-
rison of Island No. 10 surrendered and the Island was
abandoned. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, was engaged at
Island No. 10, and afterward commanded its garrison. J.
McA. Palmer, Kentucky, commanding a division, and
Albert M. Powell, INIaryland, were engaged there. After
the surrender Walke silenced the heaviest battery near
there on the Mississippi below. In the operations against
Island No. 10 and other Confederate forts around Plenry
E. Maynadier, Virginia, commanded the mortar flotilla;
A. H. Kilty commanded the Mound City, and R. N. Stem-
bel, INIaryland, was engaged.
Pope, having crossed to the east side of the Mississippi,
advanced and overtook and captured most of the Confed-
erates, at and near Tiptonville, April 8th. His operations
were able and valuable, resulting in the capture of 3 gen-
erals, over 5,000 men, 123 cannon, and mortars, 7,000
small arms, four steamboats, and quantities of military sup-
plies, without the loss of a man.
After the capture of Island No. 10, Pope, with 20,000
men in transports, protected by gunboats, moved down to
Fort Pillow. He was withdrawn thence to the united
armies advancing upon Corinth.
Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 10th and 11th. The Fort
76 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
guarded the approach to Savannah, Ga. April 10th D.
Hunter, District of Columbia, commanding the Depart-
ment of tlie South, summoned the Fort to surrender. He
attacked that day and the next, the navy supporting the
troops with bombardment. The Confederate flag was
hauled down at 2 p. m the 12th. The success closed the
Savannah River to blockaders. Naval officer Aaron W.
Weaver, District of Columbia, was among those engaged.
O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, marched from Fayetteville,
Tenn., with about 8,000 men, April 10th. He reached
Huntsville, on the jNIemphis and Charleston Railroad, next
day, capturing about 200 prisoners, 15 locomotives, much
rolling stock and other property. He seized and held the
railroad and sent expeditions each way on it. The one
sent east captured five more locomotives, seized Stevenson
and attacked Bridgeport, Ala. Later, a force sent by him
advanced to the river opposite Chattanooga, and fired upon
the trenches and town with field artillery. A brigade sent
west crossed the Tennessee River, and went to Tuscumbia,
Ala. A force went to Russellville, Ala., some distance
south of Tuscumbia. Within a few days he had taken 120
miles of railroad. His operations drew Kirby Smith from
east Tennessee, and left the way open for the seizure of
Cumberland Gap. The Confederate plan of campaign was
deranged by his expedition against Chattanooga.
Advance upon Corinth. The Army of the Mississippi
was united with the Aniiy of the Ohio and the Army of
the Tennessee. The combination was organized as right
wing, center, left wing, reserves and cavalry. Thomas was
given command of the right wing, or Army of the Ten-
nessee; Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, of the
left wing, and McClernand of reserves, in the advance on
Corinth. The Army of the Ohio mostly was in the center.
At Yorktown, Va., April 11th, Wm. P. Sanders, Ken-
tucky, was engaged.
The organization of the ^Missouri militia created by Gov.
Gamble was completed about the middle of April, 1862,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 77
when the number was 13,800, but the men had seen service
along with the United States volunteers before. The force
was afterward limited to 10,000 by Congress.
Action of Peralta, N. M., April 15th. Gabriel R. Paul,
Mo., and J. C. McFerran, Kentucky, were engaged. E.
R. S. Canby, Kentucky, caused Confederate forces to leave
New Mexico. He defended New Mexico from Sibley's
formidable inroad.
David G. Farragut, Tennessee, bombarded Forts Jack-
son and St. Philip, defending New Orleans on the river
below, April 16th to 24th, 1862. Bombardment of April
18th commenced in the morning. Farragut first sent
Henry H. Bell, North Carolina, up the Mississippi River
with the steamers Kennebec and Wissahickon to ascertain
what preparations had been made by the Confederates to
prevent the passage of the forts. He reported accord-
ingly.
Walter W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the
second of the three divisions of the mortar flotilla — seven
vessels — doing good work. The fire becoming hot, John
Guest, Missouri, was sent with the Octorara to the head of
the line to open fire on the forts with his 11-inch pivot.
Queen's division suffered considerably. Fort Jackson's
citadel took fire that evening. The mortar bombardment
continued until the morning of April 24th.
Action of South Mills or Camden, N. C, April 19th.
The expedition started April 18th, Reno, Virginia, In com-
mand. It was hoped to convey the Idea that the entire
Federal army was marching upon Norfolk from the rear.
Reno went in transports up the Pasquotank to within three
miles of Elizabeth City, N. C. A part of his force pushed
forward to surprise the Confederates, but they had been
warned, his guide misleading him, and attacked the de-
tachment. Reno, with his main force, got Into action. He
flanked the Confederates, causing their retirement, when a
gunboat drove them from the woods. The Confederates
then repulsed an attack, but the Federals came out In fair
78 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
order. Chas. W. Flusser, Maryland, naval officer, was en-
gaged. Reno was in command of a division in the De-
partment of North Carolina, April to August, 1862.
Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April
20th two steamers, under the direction of Henry H. Bell,
North Carolina, chief of staff, found a passage-way on
the west bank of the Mississippi River, where the cables
were parted. Hulks had been sunk connected by cables,
thus obstructing the river. The examination of the cables
was a daring feat.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, commanded the Federal advance di-
vision below the forts.
Santa Fe, having been evacuated by the Confederates,
was taken by troops in Canby's command April 21st.
Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April 24th, 1862.
The passage was begun at 2 a. m. Farragut advanced in
three divisions. Bell commanded the last. Chains were
slung over the hulls as a protection. N. B. Harrison, Vir-
ginia, commanded the leading vessel, the Cayuga. It re-
ceived the fire of Fort St. Philip, and passed the forts.
It was then beset by several large steamers, which dashed
at it. The Cayuga fired on the Gov. Moore when thirty
yards away. The Oneida, commanded by S. P. Lee, Vir-
ginia, grandson of Richard Henry Lee, was one of the
three vessels first to pass the forts and encounter the Con-
federate fleet. At one time the Oneida was engaged alone
with both forts. The Oneida went to the Cayuga^s as-
sistance, raking the Gov. Moore with her starboard broad-
side at the distance of a few feet. The antagonists were
dispersed, and three of them destroyed. The Cayuga
dashed on up the river, followed by the rest of the division,
firing into evei-ything the}'- met. The Hartford was Fan'a-
gut's flag-ship. While passing, she was set on fire by a fire
raft, grounding in the effort to avoid it, but extinguished
the flames. The Brooklyn, T. T. Craven, District of Co-
lumbia, commanding, silenced Fort St. Philip in passing it.
Finding the Hartford hard aground, exposed to the fire of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 79
both forts, he had kept alongside to divert the fire until
Farragut could get away. He was cool. The Hartford
was struck 32 times in the hull and rigging, and the Brook-
lyn was severely punished in passing the forts. She fired a
broadside at the Louisiana in passing. The Brooklyn be-
came entangled, and was attacked and rammed by the
Manassas. She was next attacked by a large steamer,
which she used up, and passed up the river. She was
struck 17 times in the hull. Bell was on the Sciota, com-
manded by Ed. Donaldson, Maryland, which set fire to two
steamboats, and destroyed a vessel.
The Varuna had gone up the river, and became engaged
with two vessels. Lee, in the Oneida, went to her aid.
The two vessels rammed the Varuna, and Lee drove the
two rams ashore, forcing their burning, and capturing the
commander of the Gov. Moore. The Varuna sank in shoal
water, and Lee went to her relief, helping to rescue the
officers and men. On Farragut's staff were Bell and P.
Drayton, South Carolina, expert organizers and adminis-
trators of detail. E. T. Nichols, Georgia, commanded the
Winona, and John H. Russell, Maryland, commanded the
Kennebec. John Guest, Missouri, commanded the Oxcosco.
A. D. Harrell, Virginia, participated in the bombardment.
Eleven Confederate vessels were destroyed. The passage
of the forts was an achievement of the first importance.
The danger was deemed excessive.
The Chalmette batteries, about six miles below New
Orleans, were passed the same day by Farragut. The
Hartford and the Cayuga, under Hamson, stood the first
brunt of the action, and the guns were silenced. The
Brooklyn, T. T. Craven commanding, fired at them. S. P.
Lee participated in their capture.
Farragut occupied New Orleans April 25th. He had
opened the lower Mississippi and captured the largest city
of the South, the Confederates losing it permanently. The
ministers of France had indicated recognition of the Con-
federacy very soon, but abandoned the purpose after Fai'-
80 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ragut reached New Orleans. The attitude of the British
Government also had been very disquieting. There re-
mained within the area held by the Confederates no city
larger than one of about 40,000 population.
Fort Macon, Beaufort Harbor, N. C, was bombarded
April 25th by vessels of L. M. Goldsborough's squadron,
and surrendered next a. m. Charles W. Flusser, Mary-
land, was engaged.
Fighting in front of Yorktown April 26th.
Surrender of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April 28th,
to Farragut*s fleet. John H. Russell, Maryland, was
present. E. T. Nichols, Georgia, received the surren-
der of Fort St. Philip. Russell participated in all the
operations of Farragut's fleet in the Mississippi up to
Vicksburg.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, went up the Mississippi with the gun-
boats to Vicksburg, in command. Craven, with seven ves-
sels, was sent up the river from New Orleans.
Action near Bridgeport, Ala., April 29th. Mitchel at-
tacked Bridgeport. Confronting the Confederates with a
portion of his command, he made a detour with the main
body, and advanced upon Bridgeport. Confederates were
surprised, and driven across the Tennessee River, mainly
by artillery. Later, he dispersed with artillery the other
portion of Kirby Smith's force, coming up to assist their
comrades. He took Bridgeport and 350 prisoners.
The Federal army conveyed to the Mississippi by Far-
ragut took possession of New Orleans May 1st.
May 1st, during an attack made on the left flank of the
army on the Virginia Peninsula, L. JNI. Goldsborough's ves-
sels shelled Confederate artillery posted on a hill to the
left and forced it to retire.
Campaign in Arkansas. Federals moved from Elkhorn
eastward and occupied Batesville, northeastern Arkansas,
May 3d.
The Confederate army evacuated the position of York-
town and Lee's Mill May 3d and 4th. Among those en-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 81
gaged in the siege operations against the Yorktown hne
were W. H. Emory, Maryland; Wm. H. French, Mary-
land; G. W. Getty, District of Columbia; P. St. George
Cooke, Virginia, commanding the cavalry regulars ; D. B.
Birney, Alabama, conspicuous ; Robt. C. Buchanan, Mary-
land ; Horatio G. Gibson, Maryland ; Wm. Hays, Virginia ;
A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia ; Barton S. Alexander,
Kentucky; John C. Tidball, Virginia, and B. F. Davis,
Alabama. W. P. McCann, Kentucky, commanding the
Maratanza, engaged the batteries there. Thos. H. Patter-
son, Louisiana, naval officer, was engaged.
Cooke was in command of advance guard in combat near
Williamsburg 4th.
Troops were sent by water up the York River to threaten
the rear and flank of J. E. Johnston's army. On May 5th
the gunboats were sent up by Wm. Smith, Kentucky, in
naval command on the York River. T. H. Patterson in
the Chocura proceeded to West Point.
Lebanon, Tenn., May 5th. Confederate John H. Mor-
gan was defeated with the loss of 105 men, guns and horses.
Green C. Smith, Kentucky, was wounded.
Battle of Williamsburg, Va., May 5th. Johnston held
his line against the attack, and retired from Williamsburg
during the night. David B. Birney, Alabama, showed
merit. Cooke, Emory, Tidball, John W. Davidson, Vir-
ginia; Wm. Hays, Virginia; B. F. Davis, Alabama; H. G.
Gibson, Maryland; and Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, were
engaged.
May 6th Wm, Smith, Kentucky, escorted transports to
West Point, carrying advance division, which landed the
6th.
Combat of West Point, Va., May 7th, 1862. B. S. Alex-
ander, Kentucky, engineer officer, landed the leading
division, which disembarked near West Point. John New-
ton, Virginia, commanding the brigade most heavily en-
gaged, was attacked soon after landing, but repulsed the
opponents. He led his command. Wm. Smith sent the
82 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Maratanza into action, W. P. jNIcCann, Kentucky, com-
manding. He drove off the Confederate battery attack-
ing the division. The gunboats did effectual work in the
repelling of the attack. At the end of the day Newton
occupied an advanced position.
Baton Rouge, La., was captured by Farragut May 7th.
May 8th the Galena and her escorts under John Rodgers,
Maryland, started working their way up James River. L.
M. Goldsborough shelled Sewell's Point, Va., north of Nor-
folk, May 8th.
Combat of McDowell, western Va., jNIay 8th. While
the Army of the Potomac was working up the Peninsula
toward Richmond, with vessels of Goldsborough's squadron
moving up the river on its right, a smaller army was at
Fredericksburg, interposed between the Confederates and
Washington ; another force was between there and the
Valley of Virginia ; a Federal army was working south in
the Valley against Staunton, and Fremont, who had pushed
eastward a large force in western Virginia, had several com-
mands scattered to the west and northwest of Staunton, in
the mountain area near the boundary between Virginia and
western Virginia, not far from Staunton. The Federals
threatened a union of these and the Valley forces against
Staunton, and a union of all the forces east of the Blue
Ridge against Richmond, — from the north and from the
east in concert. The object for the Confederates was to
threaten Washington, separate still further these com-
mands, preventing their union; clear the Valley, and
threaten Maryland that way ; then to unite the Confederate
armies against the Army of the Potomac menacing Rich-
mond. T. J. Jackson had EwelPs army replace his, and
disappeared from the Valley. The Valley Federal army
moved north, it not appearing but that its rear was threat-
ened. Jackson moved south, however, cut across the Val-
ley and joined Edward Johnson against McDowell. When
Jackson reached McDowell he was attacked unsuccessfully,
and the Federals retreated. Fremont responded to a caU
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 83
for help, sending forward supports. The Federals re-
treated to Franklin.
Farmington, jNIiss., May 9th. A division of Pope's wing
was assailed by the Confederates in heavy force. It fought
for geveral hours, and then withdrew across Seven ]\Iile
Creek to Pope's main line.
The Monitor attacked Sewell's Point May 9th. Next
day L. M. Goldsborough's vessels engaged and silenced the
batteries there, passed up to Norfolk, Va., and occupied it.
Hugh Y. Purviance, Maryland, and Aaron W. Weaver,
District of Columbia, were engaged.
Craighead's Bend, near Fort Pillow, Tenn., May 10th.
The Confederate fleet met the Federal fleet. The Cincin-
nati, R. N. Stembel, Maryland, leading, hastened to the
aid of an attacked mortar-boat, and was attacked by the
Confederate rams. She was followed by the Mound City,
A. H. Kilty, Maryland. H. Walke, Virginia, in the
Carondelet was the first to come within aiding distance of
the Cincinnati, and struck the boiler of one of the vessels.
The Cincinnati was rammed and sunk. Stembel was se-
verely wounded, and incapacitated for further active serv-
ice. The Mound City also was rammed and sunk. It was
a heavy action, vessels of both fleets being damaged or de-
stroyed. John A. Winslow, North Carolina, was present.
The Confederate vessels retired, and the Carondelet alone
remained in possession of the battlefield.
The fleet bombarded Fort Pillow until June 4th.
The Virginia was blown up by the Confederates May
11th.
Baton Rouge, La., was occupied May 12th by the Fed-
eral land forces.
Farragut took Natchez May 13th.
May 13th an act was passed by the Federal Legislature
of Virginia giving consent to the fonnation of the new
State to be called West Virginia.
John Rodgers, Maryland, on his way up the James
River in May silenced the battery at Rock Wharf and in
84 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the Galena engaged the battery at Hardin's Bluff, while
wooden boats passed it.
Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, Va., May 15th. Gun-
boat attack by the fleet under Rodgers. In the Galena he
fought the Fort three hours and twenty minutes. Two-
thirds of his crew were killed and wounded. S. Dana
Greene, Maryland, was engaged. The Confederates
crossed the Chickahominy immediately after this, and the
way was opened for the Federal advance to within seven
miles of Richmond.
May 17th L. M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, de-
stroyed the two abandoned batteries at Rock Wharf and
Hardin's Bluff. The same daj' there was a naval expe-
dition up the Pamunkey River, and Confederate vessels
were burnt. Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, commanded
the leading gunboat in the expedition up the Pamunkey
River to White House, to open the way and in support of
the Army of the Potomac.
Movement on Corinth. Thomas' advance on May 17th
brought on a spirited combat. His troops drove the Con-
federates across Bridge Creek. Thomas had the Confed-
erate left reconnoitered, and it was driven back some dis-
tance, and there was a corresponding advance of his whole
Army of the Tennessee.
INIay 18th Wm. Smith, Kentucky, being senior, replaced
Rodgers in command on the James River.
The advance division of Farragut's squadron, under S.
P. Lee, Virginia, summoned Vicksburg to surrender May
18th. The Vicksburg batteries were passed. Lee par-
ticipated in both passages of the Vicksburg batteries, the
Oneida being second in line on each occasion.
Front Royal, Va., May 23d. The Massanutton moun-
tain range runs part of the length of the Shenandoah Val-
ley, dividing the Valley. Wliile the Federal army blocked
the western valley at Strasburg, T. J. Jackson hurried
north in the narrower eastern valley and struck a small
force at Front Roj'al, Va., commanded by John R. Kenly,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 85
Maryland. Kcnly's command was dispersed or captured,
but his fight gave the army at Winchester some time to
start north.
May 23d and 24th. The brigade of John W. David-
son, Virginia, occupied INIechanicsville after a brief en-
counter with a cohmin of Magruder's command.
Near Newtown T. J. Jackson struck the flank of the
Valley army, capturing supplies, arms and prisoners.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in an action at
New Bridge, Va., May 24th.
Battle of Winchester, May 25th. The Valley army was
defeated by T. J. Jackson. C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, was
engaged. Jackson threatened Harper's Ferry.
Edward Stanley, North Carolina, commissioned by
President Lincoln temporary governor of that part of
North Carolina under Federal control, arrived at New
Bern, N. C, May 26th.
Action at Hanover C. H., Va., :May 27th. W. H.
Emory, Maryland, commanded cavalry, with some artil-
lery, participating In dislodging the Confederates, clearing
the army's right flank. Wm. B. Roy all, Virginia, was en-
gaged.
Action at Mechanicsville, Va., Ma}^ 27th. John C. Tid-
ball, Virginia, and Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, were en-
gaged.
May 28th the advance on Corinth met stronger oppo-
sition than any before. The Confederates attempted to
regain a position taken from them by Thomas, Army of
the Tennessee, and also attacked the 2d division. Army of
the Ohio, in the center, unsuccessfully, R. W. Johnson,
Kentucky, routing Confederates in his front.
The Confederates evacuated Corinth the night of Ma}'
29th. Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, pursued
to Baldwin, capturing supplies, prisoners and arms, and
desti'oying other material. Among those engaged in the
advance upon Corinth were T. J. Wood, Kentucky ; R. W.
Johnson, Kentucky ; E, II. Hobson, Kentucky ; N. B. Bu-
86 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ford, Kentucky; Jacob Ammen, Virginia; W. R. Terrill,
Virginia; Albert M. Powell, Maryland; Alvan C. Gillem,
Tennessee; Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky; Henry M. Judah,
Maryland, and A. L. Chetlain, Missouri. Chetlain com-
manded the post of Corinth.
IVIay 29th, John Rodgers, Maryland, was again in com-
mand on James River.
In Jackson's demonstration against Harper's Ferry
May 26th to 30th, Jas. Cooper, Maryland, and D. S. Miles,
Maryland, were engaged.
Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, from June to October,
1862, was senior officer of the naval forces in the York
and Pamunkey rivers, and in constant cooperation with the
Army of the Potomac.
Battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines, Va., May 31st and
June 1st, 1862. May 31st, while part of the Federal
army was on the north bank of the Chickahominy, J. E.
Johnston struck the part on the south bank, the river be-
ing very high. The Federals were driven around Seven
Pines while holding on at Fair Oaks. On the Seven Pines
field, the brigade of John J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was
attacked in the second position, the first line of defense,
half a mile to the front, having been carried. Aber-
crombie's brigade on the right, after gaining ground, was
cut oflf, and sustained a severe attack. It was about to be
overwhelmed when reenforced from a corps coming from
the north bank of the Chickahominy, W. A. Gorman, Ken-
tucky, leading. The Chickahominy had been crossed with
great difficulty. Gorman exerted himself to hold the line
when an attempt was made to turn the Federal right. He
led a bayonet charge. The Confederates held at Fair
Oaks most of the corps from coming to the succor here,
and gained the second line, and some of their troops on the
Williamsburg road were pushed far toward the Federal
third position. J. E. Johnston was wounded about 7 :30
p. M. B. S. Alexander, Kentucky, was engaged.
Seven Pines June 1st. The Confederate attack was
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 8T
upon the brigade of Wm. H. French, Maryland. The
Confederates fell back some time after French had been
reenforced. D. B. Bimey, Alabama, had strong outposts
well to the front, which delayed Confederates advancing
east. Bimey had advanced and struck the Confederate
right flank there. Under the front and flank attack Ma-
hone and Armstead, Confederates, gave way in disorder.
Birney*s center met with but little resistance until it struck
a Confederate force in a strong position on a wood road in
front of French's left wing. One of Bimey's regiments
was engaged on the Williamsburg road, and two of French's
also advanced into the wood a short distance before the
action there ended. French led a bayonet charge in per-
son with address. Wilcox, Confederate, sustained this at-
tack east of Seven Pines, and was withdrawn on account
of the fighting to the north of Seven Pines. The Confed-
erate right wing retired during the day to the position of
the Federal first line of defense of May 31st. There
was no general battle June 1st. R. E. Lee took command
of the Confederate army just before 1 :30 p. m. that day.
Fremont had been moved northeastward and other troops
westward in the attempt to intercept Jackson, but he
slipped between them.
While part of the Shenandoah Valley command ad-
vanced to Port Republic, E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, com-
manding a division, remained at Front Royal.
Early in June Chas. W. Flusser, Maryland, took posses-
sion of Plymouth, N. C, and held it unaided by land forces
until June 15th.
J. B. S. Todd, Kentucky, commanded a division in the
Army of the Tennessee from June 3d to July 17th.
Near Jasper, Tenn., June 4th, O. McK. Mitchel's expe-
dition against Chattanooga skirmished successfully with a
brigade under Adams.
Fort Pillow was evacuated by the Confederates June ^th.
Thomas was in command of Corinth from June 5th to
88 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Battle of Memphis, Tenn., June 6th. This was a
heavy naval fight. The Federals had five gunboats with
68 guns, 4 rams. The Confederates had 8 gunboats with
28 guns. The Confederate fleet met the Federal. The
Carondelet, commanded by Walke, was in the front line,
and was the principal gunboat engaged by the Confed-
erate ram Arkansas. Vessels of both fleets were damaged
or destroyed, the Van Dom alone, of the Confederate ves-
sels, escaping. Memphis was taken that day, with large
stores and navy yard, and the steam-ram Tennessee build-
ing there was destroyed. Maynadier, Virginia, did good
service in the battle.
Mitchel's expedition reached the Tennessee River op-
posite Chattanooga June 7th. It bombarded Chattanooga
7th and 8th.
Battle of Cross Keys, Va., June 8th. T. J. Jackson held
the bridge at Port Republic separating Fremont and troops
which had moved south in the narrower eastern valley.
The brigade of S. S. Carroll, Maryland, in advance reached
Port Republic the 8th, and there was a contest for the
bridge. At Cross Keys, on the 8th, Fremont unsuccessfully
attacked Ewell, posted to the west of the bridge.
Combat of Port Republic, June 9th. Another brigade
had come to the support of Carroll. If Jackson could
rout these two brigades quickh^, he could then turn, join
Ewell and meet Fremont. The first Confederate assault
was by the Stonewall brigade and was repulsed by Car-
roll's brigade.
Dick Taj'lor captured a battery. Candy, Kentucky,
recaptured it and took a Confederate gun and 67 prisoners.
The stout resistance of the two brigades before they were
overcome and pushed north lost Jackson so much time and
required such force that Jackson concentrated east of the
bridge, ordering Ewell over, after holding Fremont in
check, and the bridge was burnt, thus preventing further
battle between Fremont and Jackson.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 89
James Island, Charleston Harbor, June lOtli. Robt.
Williams, Virginia, was engaged.
After the occupation of Corinth, the Federal combina-
tion was resolved into the former armies. Thomas was
relieved of command of the Army of the Tennessee and
then of Corinth, and w^as restored to the command of the
1st division, Army of the Ohio.
A campaign for the capture of Chattanooga was pro-
jected. The Army of the Ohio started for East Tennes-
see June 10th, repairing the Memphis & Charleston
Railroad from Corinth to use as a line of communication,
in addition to the Tennessee River. The movement was
directly upon Chattanooga.
At James Island, Charleston Harbor, June 13th and
14th, Robt. Williams, Virginia, and J. R. Hawley, North
Carolina, were engaged.
Action of Old Church, Va., June 13th, was fought by
Wm. B. Ro^'all, Virginia, who received six saber wounds
in hand-to-hand conflict, and made a stubborn fight, but
was overwhelmed by the numbers of the Confederates. He
cut through and joined the main army.
Combat of Secessionville, S. C, June 16th. The Fed-
erals were severely repulsed. Robt. Williams, Virginia,
was engaged.
In June, 1862, A. H. Kilty, Maryland, commanded an
expedition to the Wliite River, Ark. St. Charles, Ark.,
was captured by troops supported by the vessels, June
17th. The gunboats battled with the Confederate bat-
teries, the batteries being carried. The steam-chest of the
Mound City was struck, and Kilty was scalded by the
steam which filled the vessel.
Cumberland Gap was occupied by Federals June 18th,
the position having been turned, causing Confederate evac-
uation. The Confederates left it in maneuvers. The Fed-
eral troops were largely Kentuckian. Saml. P. Carter,
Tennessee, and J. G. Spears, Tennessee, helped occupy it.
90 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
June 18th transports with supphes were ordered sent up
the James River under convoy of gunboats under John
Rodgers, Maryland.
June 19th another corps was transferred to the south
side of the Chickahominy.
A deserter on June 24ith gave information of Jackson's
movement to strike the Federal rear. Jackson arrived at
Ashland June 25th.
Seven Days' Battles. Action of Oak Grove, Va., June
25th. Federal pickets south of the Chickahominy were
pushed forward and gained ground for an attack set for
the next day. Federals occupied the advanced ground.
Wm. H. French, Maryland, was engaged.
P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, commanded the cavalry
watching on the right wing which reported the advance
which turned out to be Jackson.
Farragut's fleet was assembled at Vicksburg June 25th.
Vicksburg was bombarded next day.
John Pope, Kentucky, was assigned to the command of
all the troops in northern Virginia June 26th, and Fremont
was relieved. Pope commanded the Army of Virginia
from June 27th to Sept. 2d.
Battle of Mechanicsville, or Beaver Dam Creek, Va.,
June 26th-27th. The left of the Federal picket line south
of the Chickahominy was thrown forward preliminary to
attack. P. St. George Cooke reported that Jackson was
advancing slowly on the flank of the part of the Army
of the Potomac north of the Chickahominy. The Federals
were forced back from their intrenchments a mile to Beaver
Dam Creek, near Ellerson's mill, where they repulsed an
attack. Next morning they were constrained by Jack-
son's flank movement to fall back early to Gaines' Mill
battlefield. Wm. Hays, Virginia, was among those en-
gaged. The Confederate loss was 1,365; Federal 361.
Battle of Gaines' Mill, June 27th, 1862. The Confed-
erate attack commenced shortly after noon. A division
crossed from south of the Chickahominy to the support of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 91
the right wing, reaching the field at 3 :30 p. m. The
brigade of John Newton, Virginia, arriving at 4 p. m.,
was sent to the center and drove back the Confederates,
retaking ground held by the Confederates only a short
time. There was fierce fighting in the position of Robt.
C. Buchanan, Maryland, the ground being lost and re-
gained. Buchanan fought with credit. Jackson's army
from the Valley Avas now fully united with Lee's and
bore down in force upon the right flank. Late in the p. m.
the Confederates gained the line at a number of points,
and the whole line gave waj\ About 6 p. m. nearly the
whole of the army in sight seemed suddenly to disappear
in confusion to the rear. Three batteries of artillery had
been posted in reserve, with Cooke's weak cavalry brigade.
The three batteries opened a furious fire. No hope was
left save in this feeble force in reserve. Cooke instantly
advanced to support the batteries. He charged to bring
them off safe. He directed their firing, which Avas reported
very effective. It caused the Confederates to halt. Cooke
was with his men. Wm. P. Chambliss, Virginia, led the
charge and was struck by seven balls. The Confederates
had emerged from a wood, and were met by the cavalry
charge and artillery fire. They hesitated and destruction
of the right wing north of the Chlckahominy was pre-
vented. Some of the artillery was saved. The brigade
of Wm. H. French, Maryland, advancing boldly, and
another brigade, came up from the river before dusk.
They covered the retreat, and Cooke, with the cavalry,
guarded the rear while the right wing crossed to the south
side of the Chickahominy. Cooke was the last general
officer on the field on the left. That wing of the army
was saved from further disaster in the flooded river and
swamps close behind it. Cooke's cavalry destroyed the
Chickahominy bridge, the rear-guard in retreat having
gotten over the river by 6 a. m., and retreat commenced
to the James River as a base, while the Confederates op-
erated on the old line to the Pamunkey, not knowing but
92 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
that Wliite House would continue to be the base. John
W. Davidson, Virginia, and John C. Tidball, Virginia,
were brave and useful. G. W. Getty, District of Colum-
bia, C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, and B. S. Alexander, Ken-
tucky, were also engaged in the battle.
Action at Golding's Farm and Garnett's Farm, June
2Tth and 28th. Confederates lost 461, Federals 368.
John W. Davidson was conspicuous ; B. S. Alexander was
engaged.
Bombardment of Vicksburg batteries by Farragut, June
27th. T. T. Craven, commanding the Brooklyn; H. H.
Bell, North Carolina, and John H. Russell, Maryland, were
engaged.
Bragg succeeded Beauregard in command of the Con-
federate army at Tupelo, Miss., June 27th.
June 28th Farragut ran northward past Vicksburg with
two of his ships and five gunboats — all but three vessels
of his fleet. The Hartford, Oneida, second in line, com-
manded by S. P. Lee, Virginia ; the Sciota, Ed. Donaldson,
Maryland, and W'ujona, E. T. Nichols, Georgia, succeeded.
W. W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the mor-
tar-boats and passed the batteries. The Federal fleet at
Memphis moved down the river June 29th.
Seven Days' Battles. Action of Allen's Farm or Peach
Orchard, June 29th. Wm. H. French, Maryland, was
engaged.
Battle two miles west of Savage Station and at Savage
Station, Va., p. m. of June 29th. Lee was striking at the
Army of the Potomac on its retreat to the James. The
Federal line was broken in the center. The brigade of W.
A. Gorman, Kentucky, was pushed in, and held its ground.
The line then held fast till the close of the battle. Wm.
H. French, Maryland, was engaged, and in command of
the infantry rear-guard, then and in the retreat to Malvern
Hill. P. St. George Cooke was in command of the remnant
of the cavalry division present in retreat from Savage
Station to Harrison's Landing.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 93
June 29th the Army of the Potomac opened communica-
tion with John Rodgers, INIaryland, who again commanded
the vessels on the James River.
Seven Days' Battles. White Oak Bridge or Turkey
Creek, Va., June 30th. Bombardment by Jackson princi-
pally. French and Davidson, Vii'ginia, were present. J.
B. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged. French remained
when other troops fell back that night, to deceive the
Confederates by firing field-pieces in the direction of the
bridge.
Battle of Glendalc, Charles City Cross Roads, or Fray-
ser's Fann, June 30th. Fighting was along the whole line
this day. D. B. Birney, Alabama, was on the right of the
front line. Newton, Virginia, was on the right, and was
efficient. He held the center there. His brigade did well.
The Confederates took the field. French, Cooke and Robt.
C. Buchanan, Maryland, were engaged.
Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky, was given command of a
division in June, 1862, succeeding Mitchel. Ord com-
manded at Corinth, June to August.
]\lalvern Hill, Va., June 30th. John Rodgers' gunboats
aided in repulsing Holmes.
- Seven Days' Battles. Battle of Malvern Hill, Va., July
1st. The Confederates attacked at 3 p. m. and again at
6 p. M. The brigade of John J. Abercrombie, Tennessee,
with two other brigades, pushed after the repelled troops,
and advanced the right of the line. Colors were captured.
Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland, helped drive a portion of
the Confederates from the field. Gunboats under John
Rodgers aided. They fired upon Magruder's rear.
Buchanan was the main infantry rear-guard from Malvern
Hill leaving the field. The Confederates lost 5,355 and
the Federals 3,214. French, G. W. Getty, District of
Columbia ; Wm. Hays, Virginia, and John C. Tidball, Vir-
ginia, were engaged. Among others engaged in the Seven
DaV"'' Battles were Alfred Pleasanton, District of Colum-
bia, and Wm. Chapman, Maryland. Wm. H. Emorj',
94 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Maryland, operated on the right flank of the ami}'' with
a mixed command of infantry, cavah*y and artillery.
Farragut's fleet and the one from Memphis joined north
of Vicksburg July 1st.
Harrison's Landing, July Sd. Emory and Tidball were
engaged. The Army of the Potomac was thereafter under
the protection of Rodgers' gunboats.
Wm. Gibson, Maryland, was present during all the op-
erations on the James River while the Army occupied
Harrison's Landing, and guarded with three gunboats its
recrossing of the Chickahominy. N. B. Harrison, Vir-
ginia, commanded the Mahaska during the operations be-
fore Richmond and the retreat to Harrison's Landing.
H. R. Gamble, Virginia, war Governor of Missouri, in
1862 ordered the enrollment of the total fighting popu-
lation of Missouri, giving authority for the placing in
active sei-vice of a sufficient force to maintain the peace.
Federal Missouri militia occupied every town of impor-
tance in the State. The military establishment there was
about 50,000 men, mostly Missouri State militia.
INIorgan, Confederate, raided Kentucky, July 4th to
80th. On Morgan's five raids into Kentucky, Kentucky
troops were after him or confronted him. On this raid
Jeremiah T. Boyle, Kentucky, and Green C. Smith, Ken-
tucky, were active in resisting him.
Point of Rocks, July 4th. W. P. McCann, Kentucky,
captured gunboat Teaser. He was with the army at
Malvern Hill, July 4th.
C. W. Flusser, IMaryland, was in command of an expe-
dition sent by L. JNI. Goldsborough, District of Columbia,
July 9th to the North Carolina rivers leading into the
North Carolina sounds. He started from Plymouth, N.
C, went up the Roanoke River, reached Hamilton the 9th
in the Commodore Perry and captured it — batteries,
steamers, schooners and supplies.
Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13th. Forrest had advanced
from Chattanooga. He captured Murfreesboro and T.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 95
T. Crittenden, Alabama, with a brigade and cavalry under
him. Crittenden had arrived only the day before. Nelson
was dispatched with his division from Athens via Nashville
against Forrest. While at Murfreesboro Nelson con-
structed strong field works.
Pope took command of the Army of Virginia July 14th.
Three Federal vessels approached the ram Arkansas in
the Yazoo River, Miss., Walke commanding the Caronde-
let. The Arkansas engaged them July 15th, and followed
them down the river. Walke bore the brunt of the fight
with the Arkansas. The Arkansas proceeded and ran the
gauntlet of both fleets, taking position under the Vicksburg
batteries. Farragut, with his fleet, repassed the Vicksburg
batteries going south with little loss, and attacked the
Arkansas in passing. S. P. Lee, Virginia, and E. T. Nich-
ols, Georgia, passed and were in the engagement with the
Arkansas.
The command of David G. Farragut, Tennessee, up to
May, 1863, included the Mississippi River as far as Vicks-
burg, and all its tributaries below, and the coasts from
Pcnsacola, Fla., to the western boundary of Texas.
Morgan, Confederate, took Cynthiana, Ky., July ITth,
conmianded by J. J. Landram, Kentucky. There was a
hard struggle and severe loss on both sides. Landram
escaped, slightly wounded, to Paris, where the next day
he rallied and united several detachments, and harassed
Morgan in his retirement from Kentucky.
Lee sent Jackson to oppose Pope's advance in northern
Virginia. Jackson's troops reached Gordonsville July
19th.
July 20th Farragut's fleet was ordered to New Orleans,
where it an'ived July 29th.
The Confederate army in northern Mississippi was
started for Chattanooga July 21st.
Jul}^ 22d two vessels, W. D. Porter, Louisiana, command-
ing one of them, from the fleet above Vicksburg unsuccess-
fully attacked the Arkansas. Porter passed Vicksburg
96 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
southward in the Essex to attack the Arkansas. The Es-
sex was badly cut up by the Vicksburg batteries.
Bragg reached Chattanooga July 29th. Hardee left
Tupelo bound there the same day.
Confederates were driven from Mt. Sterling, Ky., by
Home Guards July 29th.
Coggin's Point, Va., July 31st. Thornton A. Jenkins,
Virginia, senior naval officer present, repulsed the Con-
federates.
Orange C. H., Va., was occupied by Pope's troops Au-
gust 2d.
Combat of Baton Rouge, La., August 5th. Brecken-
ridgc. Confederate, unsuccessfully attacked Baton Rouge.
The Arkansas had come down from Vicksburg to aid.
The Confederates attacked and drove back the land force.
W. D. Porter, Louisiana, in the Essex, contributed ma-
terially to the defense. The Federals finally pushed the
Confederates, who retired from the field.
Porter, with the Essex, Cayuga and other vessels, en-
gaged the Arkansas. The Arkansas was pierced through
and through, disabling her steering gear. She went ashore
and was set on fire and destroyed. D. McN. Fairfax, Vir-
ginia, was engaged.
George H. Thomas, Virginia, was in command at
Decherd, August 5th to 15th.
Battle of Cedar Mountain, or Cedar Run, Va., August
9th. Jackson forced back Pope's advance force. S. S.
Carroll, District of Columbia, and Chas. Candy, Kentucky,
were engaged.
Gallatin, Tenn., August 12th. Morgan had started on
another raid. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, commanding a
cavalry force, was sent from ]Mc]Minnville against Morgan
August 11th, which placed him between Morgan and For-
rest. He attacked Morgan at Gallatin, was defeated and
retreated. Morgan pursued, attacked, and received the
surrender of Johnson and the men remaining with him,
about 75 in number.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 97
Manassas Campaign of 1862.
The Army of the Potomac evacuated Harrison's Land-
ing August 16th. It moved back down the Peninsula, took
ship, and, as fast as the troops debarked on the Potomac,
they were hurried to unite with Pope's army.
August 16th Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, was given two
field-batteries and some experienced cavalry and infantry
officers, and sent to Kentucky, to organize troops, re-
establish communications, and operate against the Con-
federate cavalry. He was relieved of command of the 4th
division, Ammen succeeding him. Kirby Smith was then
in motion toward central Kentucky. Nelson took charge
of affairs in that State, and organized the fresh troops
assembling for its defense. On reaching Kentucky, Nel-
son was ordered to proceed to Lexington and assume com-
mand of troops there, at Lebanon and elsewhere around.
Nelson ordered troops to Richmond, Ky.
Farragut sent an expedition which successfully attacked
Corpus Christi, August 16th to 20th, 1862. Galveston,
Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi fell into Federal hands
within a short time, through the operations of his vessels.
Tennessee and Kentucky Campaign. Instead of longer
interposing between the Army of the Ohio and the lower
South, or defending Chattanooga by occupying it, Bragg
planned to get by the Army of the Ohio and push across
Tennessee, keeping undisclosed whether he designed the
capture of Nashville, or to move to the east of it and
occupy Kentucky. E. Kirby Smith preceded him, enter-
ing southeastern Kentucky, and marching upon Lexington
and Covington, opposite Cincinnati. The cavalry raids of
JMorgan and Forrest were preliminary to the grand army
movement. Kirby Smith reached Barboursville August
18th, in rear of the Federals at Cumberland Gap. Fed-
erals occupied Rogers' and Big Creek Gaps in Smith's rear,
and he advanced boldly into the rich portion of Ken-
tucky.
Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was engaged
98 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
in covering the withdrawal of the Anny of the Potomac to
Yorktown, August 18th and 19th. J. L. Reno, Virginia,
was in the movement to Newport News and the Rappa-
hannock. He was given command of the 9th corps in
August.
August 19th, the Department of the Ohio was fomied
of the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Mis-
souri and Kentucky east of the Tennessee River, and in-
cluding Cumberland Gap.
Thomas was in command at McMinnville August 19th
to September 3d. Bragg started troops from Chattanooga
to crossing the Tennessee River the 19th. Thomas recon-
noitered thoroughly to the south and east.
Edgefield Junction, Tenn., August 20th. Morgan was
not checked until he reached Edgefield Junction, a few
miles north of Nashville. Fon'est swept around Nashville,
and Morgan remained north of Nashville.
The Alabama arrived at Azores, August 20th, and took
on her armament of eight guns and stores from a transport
which had preceded her. She entered upon her Confed-
erate career as a commerce-destroyer.
Gallatin, Tenn., surrendered to the Confederates August
21st.
Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of Fort
Denison from August 23d to September 5th.
August 23d W. D. Porter, Louisiana, left Baton Rouge
in the Essex, and followed the Confederate gunboat Webb
to Vicksburg.
Jackson turned west, marched around Pope's army,
crossed its rear east-bound, and reached Manassas Junc-
tion to the northeast between Pope and Washington the
night of August 26th, capturing the army supplies, hav-
ing occupied Bristoe during the day.
Action of Kettle Run or Bristoe Station, August 27th.
Pope moved troops quickly to Bristoe, where they attacked
Ewell, left there by Jackson, who separated his forces,
moving them to the west and north. Pope captured some
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 99
prisoners at Bristoe Station, Ewell having withdrawn un-
der fire.
Action of Thoroughfare Gap, evening of August 27th,
and August 28th. John Buford, Kentucky, was engaged.
Lee was hurr^ung the rest of his army on Jackson's track,
to pass through Thoroughfare Gap and unite with Jack-
son.
Bragg's army was fairly started on his campaign Au-
gust 28th.
Combat of Groveton, Va., August 28th. Troops moved
by Pope encountered Jackson. Pope's troops fought at
Gainesville, Germantown and near Centreville that day.
T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was employed in pursuit and
driving away of Forrest's brigade of cavalry, August 29th.
829: '5 »
CHAPTER IV
Second Bull Run — Richmond, Ky. — Chantilly —
South Mountain — Harper's Ferry — Sharpsburg — Cor-
inth — Hatchie Bridge — Perryville — Prairie Grove
— Fredericksburg — Chickasaw Bluffs — Murfreesboro
— Arkansas Post — Charleston — Port Gibson.
Battle of Second Bull Run or Manassas, August 29th
/and 30th. The Confederates faced east. At first Bull
Run they faced to the west when the Federals advanced
to the attack from that direction, so that the positions
of the combatants were reversed in the second battle. On
the 29th Reno, with the 9th corps, reenforced the troops
on the field. Most of his corps had been pushed into
action by noon. Besides the 9th corps, he commanded
another division during the battle. Pope arrived on the
field about noon. He was concentrating to defeat Jackson
before Lee could join, but Lee was alrcad}^ in touch.
Reno's corps, with two other divisions, assaulted about 1
p. M. At 5 p. M. Reno was in an attack on Hill, which
forced his lines back, Jackson's left being pressed toward
his center.
Second Bull Run, August 30th. Reno, on the Federal
right, was in the assault in the morning. Buchanan, Mary-
land, rendered brave and strong service on the Federal
left. Jackson, badly shaken, yet held a line against Pope's
heavy assaults. The Confederate army was united and
Longstreet, on Jackson's right, helped repulse the as-
sailants. Reno was withdrawn from the right center late
in the afternoon and thrown into action on the left. Lee
made a general attack, and succeeded. Buchanan's bri-
gade fought hard on the extreme left to preserve the line
100
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 101
of retreat by the turnpike and stone bridge. Reno re-
mained on the Henry house hill until about 9 P. M. and
covered the retreat. His corps fought well. Reno was
soldierly. D. B. Bimey, Alabama, fought with credit.
Wm. Birney, Alabama, was conspicuous. John Buford,
Kentucky, commanding Pope's cavalry, was cool, judicious
and brave. Wm. Chapman, Maryland, was engaged.
Some of T. J. Wood's cavalry worsted Forrest at Mc-
Minnville August 30th.
August 30th orders were given for the concentration
at Murfreesboro of the Army of the Ohio, at the time
disposed west of Chattanooga.
When Kirby Smith was reported moving toward Louis-
ville, Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, was dispatched to Louisville
to defend it. He went on to Lexington, and collected
some troops.
Battle of Richmond, or Kingston, Ky., August 30th.
The battle started at Kingston, near Richmond. Smith
had succeeded in coming into contact with the army hastily
assembled. The Federal left moved forward to turn the
Confederate right. This was met by Smith, who then
sent a brigade to turn the Federal right. The Federals
still advanced their left, but were checked and finally forced
back. The Confederates gained the Federal right, and
broke it in a charge.
Two miles farther north, the Federals made a stand,
and the Confederates struck their right again, while at-
tacking in front. The Federals were routed, and fell back
in front of Richmond. Nelson arrived and directed the
formation of a line near the town. He judiciously se-
lected a commanding ridge close to Richmond for the
stand, both flanks resting on woods. Smith again at-
tacked in front while flanking and Nelson retreated. A
force of Confederates had been sent early in the morning
to gain the rear of Richmond, and they increased the dis-
order. In the battle J. J. Landram, Kentucky, had sev-
eral horses shot under him. He received a severe wound
102 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
in the head, partly blinding and incapacitating him for
further active service. Nelson was wounded. Smith con-
tinued north to Lexington. Nelson returned to Louisville,
took command there and organized, from every direction,
30,000 to 40,000 troops. During September the greater
portion of Smith's army remained in the vicinity of Lex-
ington. He sent Heth's troops north.
In August George B. Balch, Tennessee, naval officer,
ascended Black River 25 miles, drove a Confederate bat-
tery from its earthworks and engaged infantry on the
bluffs.
Hindman, Confederate, commenced to move north with
7,000 men early In September for southwest Missouri.
Battle of Chantilly, or Ox Hill, Va., September 1st.
Jackson had gone on another turning movement around
Pope's right. Just before sunset Reno met Jackson's ad-
vance. Pope having sent a force to meet such a move.
A division of Reno's corps drove two of A. P. Hill's
brigades back In much confusion. The Federals were
forced back In disorder, and the brigade of D. B, BImey,
Alabama, was sent to the front. BImey, coming into
command of a division, at once made a bayonet charge
with his own brigade, which gained some ground. BImey
held some of the ground that night. Wm. Birney, Ala-
bama, was engaged.
John Newton, Virginia, served in handling troops In the
retreat from Bull Run to Washington, September 1st and
2d.
Federals evacuated Lexington, Ky., September 1st.
In September, 1862, J. McA. .Palmer, Kentucky, was
given command of the 1st division of the Army of the
Mississippi.
September 1st Bragg telegraphed Price, informing him
that the Army of the Ohio was retiring upon Nashville, and
that he must watch the army west of the Tennessee River
to prevent its junction ; or. If It should escape, follow It
closely. Martial law was declared In Cincinnati Septem-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 103
ber 2d. Kirby Smith occupied Lexington, Ky., September
2d.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, was appointed acting rear-admiral
September 2d.
Bragg entered Kentucky September 5th. The Army of
the Ohio reached Murfreesboro the same day. Bragg's
movement impelled the detachment of two divisions to it
from west of the Tennessee. It moved on to Nashville.
The way was clear to Bragg. While the Army was at
Murfreesboro, information was received of Nelson's defeat
at Richmond, and that Bragg's course indicated invasion
of Kentucky.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, relieved Goldsborough of the com-
mand of the North Atlantic Squadron September 5th.
Lee held it until October 12th, 1864. He was engaged in
blockading the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, and
cooperating with the armies in the defense of Norfolk,
New Bern and Washington, N. C, fighting iron-clads and
heavy fortifications in Trent's Reach, and field batteries
along the line of communication of the Army on James
River, which he held continuously. He arranged and
maintained an extensive blockade, originating the system
of a girdle of cruisers, which baffled the Confederates in
their efforts to obtain foreign recruits, supplies and muni-
tions of war. 54 blockade runners were captured or de-
stroyed by the Squadron under Lee. Besides blockading,
it was engaged in 91 actions and expeditions during his
command.
Maryland Campaign. R. E. Lee entered Maryland
September 5th. A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Governor
of Maryland, issued a proclamation for the enrollment of
Marylanders in military organizations. Volunteers were
so organized.
Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of Cov-
ington, Ky., September 5th to 8th. Heth's troops reached
the suburbs of Covington September 6th. Troops were
rushed to Cincinnati by the Federals.
104< FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Washington, N. C, September 6th. During the siege
of Washington W. P. McCann, Kentucky, had command
of five gunboats.
Lee occupied Frederick, Md., September 6th.
W. D. Porter, Louisiana, in the Essex, returning from
Vicksburg, was fired upon by the Port Hudson batteries
September 7th.
John Pope was in command of the Department of the
Northwest, September 7th, 1862, to January 30th, 1865.
By order of September 7th Thomas was assigned to
the command of Nashville with his. Palmer's and a third
division, retaining it to September 14th. Bragg had
crossed the Cumberland River at Carthage and was mov-
ing rapidly toward Louisville. The Army of the Ohio
raced with him. Breckenridge was left to operate against
and invest Nashville. Bragg's troops tore up the railroad
track between Franklin and Bowling Green.
Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was in com-
mand of the advance cavalry division in the Maryland
campaign. He was engaged in driving Confederates from
Poolsville September 8th, and from Bamesville and Sugar
Loaf IMountain September 9th to 11th.
Humphrey Marshall, Confederate, moved into Kentucky
through Pound Gap after Smith secured a hold in Ken-
tucky. The Government of Kentucky sought refuge at
Louisville.
September 10th Beauregard received orders in Mobile
assigning him to command of the Department of South
Carolina and Georgia, headquarters Charleston.
A. Pleasanton drove Confederates from Frederick City
and through Cactochin Pass, September 12th, 1862.
Hai'per's Ferry, September 12th to 15th. Lee disposed
troops to capture the force at Harper's Fei-ry. Some
occupied the heights opposite Harper's Ferry on the north
side of the Potomac; some occupied Loudoun Heights in
Virginia just to the east of Harper's Ferry, while Jackson
marched from Mar3'land, crossing the Potomac west of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 105
Harper's Ferry, and marching east to help surround it on
the west and south.
September 12th Thomas was ordered to join the main
army.
The head of Bragg's army appeared at Munfordville
September 13th.
The Confederates attacked Harper's Ferry September
13th.
Action at Munfordville September 13th and 14th. The
Confederates were repulsed.
Sterling Price entered luka, Miss., unresisted September
14th. The Federals had sent three divisions to the Army
of the Ohio, retaining two west of luka. Hurlbut, South
Carolina, was ordered to make a strong demonstration to-
ward Grand Junction. He was at Bolivar.
Harper's Ferry attack continued September 14th. B.
F. Davis, Alabama, escaped with cavalry, cut his way
through the Confederate lines, captured an ordnance train
of Longstreet, and reached Greencastle, Pa., September
15th.
E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, commanded the left wing in
the operations in Mississippi in August and September,
1862. He commanded the district of Jackson, Tenn., in
September and October, 1862.
Battles of South Mountain or Boonsboro, September
14th.
Turner's Gap. A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia,
had learned the ground the day before by reconnoissance,
and posted the advance troops of Reno's corps on the
south side of the pike. Reno went to the front, assumed
direction of affairs, and opened the battle. Fox's Gap is
one mile south of Turner's Gap. Both gaps were occu-
pied by Confederates. Reno outflanked the Confederates
at Fox's Gap, his troops advancing on the ridge of the
mountain from the south by a road which crossed the one
through Fox's Gap, while he attacked also from the east.
Pleasanton was in the battle. His batteries were well
106 FIGTTTIXG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
served iliis a. m. Confederate Garland's brigade was routed
from near Fox's Gap on the ridge. Reno's corps and
another forced the Gap, and some of his troops
carried the crest of Fox's Gap. His corps drove Confed-
erates from heights on one side of the main pike. He
broke the Confederate left. The Confederates lost a com-
manding hill on their left before night. Confederate
Drayton's brigade was driven west from about Fox's Gap.
The Confederates held the field generally till night. Reno
was killed about 7 p. m., while bravely leading his men.
Lee ordered withdrawal after 9 p. m.
Crampton's Gap. Confederates were posted near the
eastern base of the mountain. The head of the Federal
coi-ps came upon the Confederate cavalry supported by
infantry about noon. John Newton, Virginia, occupied
the center. His activity was conspicuous. Two of his
regiments reenforced the leading brigade on the left. His
brigade helped take the Gap and he fought with credit.
Confederates were dislodged from a stone wall and pursued
to the crest and down the opposite side. Four hundred
prisoners were taken in the battle. At South Mountain,
French, Maryland; Getty, District of Columbia; John
Buf ord, Jr., Kentucky ; W. A. Gorman, Kentucky ; Ho-
ratio G. Gibson, Maryland ; Sol. INIeredith, North Carolina,
and Carr B. White, Kentucky, were engaged.
Harper's Ferry capitulated to Jackson about 8 a. m.,
September 15th. D. S. Miles, Maryland, commanding the
post, was mortally wounded. John R. Kenly, Maryland,
was engaged.
In skirmish of Boonsboro September 15th, A. Pleasan-
ton. District of Columbia, drove back Confederate cavalry.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged.
Confederates attempted to blockade the Ohio River, Sep-
tember 15th. Thomas left Nashville that day to join the
army at INIunfordville.
Bragg reached Munfordville September 16th and at-
tacked the Federals. They surrendered to the number of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 107
4,076 that evening. Nelson comnuuKlcd at Louisville
while the Confederates were approaching.
Battle of Sharpsburg or Antictam, ]\Id., September 16th
and 17th. There was some fighting by the Federal right
on the 16th. The Confederate left was reached in the
r. M. and engaged.
Sharpsburg, September 17th. The battle opened with
an advance by the Federal right. The regular brigade
of Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland, reenforced A. Pleasan-
ton, who had crossed some cavalry and batteries over
Boonsboro bridge. They felt the Confederate line heav-
ily. Confederates were pushed back to the wood around
Dunker church. French, commanding a division, fought
in the center at the sunken road, or bloody lane. He at-
tacked, and after fierce fighting drove the Confederates
from about the Roulette and Clipp fann buildings. The
Confederates were pressed slowly back by his and another
division till they lost the sunken road. French took some
prisoners. He made a second advance to help relieve the
right. He perfonned valiant and useful sei'vice. New-
ton, Virginia; Tidball, Virginia, and A. Pleasanton were
brave and efficient. Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the
artillery reserve of the 5th corps. John Buford, Jr., Ken-
tucky ; Sol. Meredith, North Carolina ; W. A. Gorman,
Kentucky ; Getty ; Carr B. White, Kentucky ; Wm. M.
Graham, District of Columbia; H. G. Gibson, Maryland;
Wm. Harrow, Kentucky ; C. M. Prevost, Maryland, and
B. F. Davis, Alabama, were engaged.
Federals evacuated Cumberland Gap the night of Sep-
tember 17th. It appeared there was no chance of escape,
but the topographical engineer had been geologist of Ken-
tucky, was thoroughly familiar with the country, and con-
ducted the retreat through eastern Kentucky to the Ohio
River. The command was made up of Kentucky and Ten-
nessee regiments. S. P. Carter, Tennessee; J. G. Spears,
Tennessee, and D. W. LIndsey, Kentucky, held commands.
O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, was in command of the De-
108 FIGPITING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
partment of the South and 10th corps, September 17th
to October 30th, 1862.
Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, silenced batteries of
St. John's Bluff, Fla., September 17th.
Lee remained in line at Sharpsburg the 18th and crossed
to the west side of the Potomac that night.
September 18th Ord was advanced to within six miles of
luka.
The Confederates evacuated Harper's Ferry September
19th.
September 19th Confederates attacked Owensboro, Ky.,
and were repulsed.
Battle of luka, September 19th. Price's pickets were
driven in by the Federal advance at 2 p. m. The Confed-
erates gained ground during the day, but withdrew near
morning. Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, was engaged.
Actions at Shepherdstown Ford, Blackford's or Boteler's
Ford, Va., September 19th to 21st. The Federals who
had crossed to the Virginia side were driven back across the
Potomac. A. Pleasanton and Tidball were engaged.
luka, September 20th. Ord, Maryland, was ordered in
the morning to push forward. He had been ordered to
await battle from the south, and it was not known the day
before that battle had been waged by the other Federal
body from the south. Ord entered luka that day.
Thomas joined the main army with his divisions Septem-
ber 20th.
Bragg had been directly between the Army of the Ohio
and Louisville. He got out of the way, and moved north-
east to Bardstown, and the Army of the Ohio moved for
Louisville September 22d. The leading column reached
Louisville the 25th.
Price effected a junction with Van Dom at Ripley Sep-
tember 28th.
The last of the Federal army reached Louisville Sep-
tember 29th. Thomas received the appointment that day
to command the Army of the Ohio and declined it. He
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS lOU
was made second in connnaiid next day. After reaching
Louisville the army was formed into three corps, and T. I^.
Crittenden, Kentucky, was given command of one of them.
Action near Ne^vtonia, Mo., September 30th. The Fed-
erals were driven back. Geo. H. Hall, Virginia, hearing
artillery firing, hastily marched to the battlefield. The
Federals were retreating. He broke the Confederate pur-
suit,
J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, in defense of Washington,
was in command of works about Chain Bridge, September,
1862, to April, 1863.
W. H. Emory, Maryland, organized an infantry division
at Baltimore in October and November, 1862.
October 1st the Army of the Ohio commenced its march
from Louisville upon Bragg at Bardstown. Bragg and
Kirby Smith had not united, and a force was sent to hold
Smith. Thomas was instructed to move with Crittenden's
corps, on the Lebanon and Danville road.
St. John's River Expedition. A combined anuy force
under J. M. Brannan, District of Columbia, and navy force
under Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, sailed from Hilton
Head October 1st. They opened fire on Confederate forti-
fications at St. John's Bluff the 2d and reduced them on
the 3d.
Hurlbut telegraphed information to the Army at Corinth,
Miss., October 2d that Van Dorn and Price were at Poca-
hontas.
The troops from Cumberland Gap reached the Ohio
River at Greenupsburg October 3d. They embarked for
Vicksburg during the fall.
Expedition against Franklin, on Blackwater River, Vir-
ginia, under command of C. W. Flusser, Marj^land, three
vessels, October 3d. His vessel. Commodore Perry, fired
on by soldiers, ran ashore. He fought hard and shelled
Franklin.
Battle of Corinth, Miss., October 3d and 4th, 1862. A
Federal brigade was sent to the northwest, which was at-
110 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
tacked and fell back. R. J. Oglesby, Kentucky, was the
first to receive the Confederate attack. He was fairly
formed to meet it, despite the suddenness. He was des-
perately wounded. The Federals occupied their inner line
of fortifications at the close of the day.
Corinth, October 4th, — a severe battle. The Confed-
erates carried some of the intrenchments, but were forced
back and retreated west.
Newtonia. The Confederates retreated October 4)tli
without accepting battle, the Federals having been reen-
forced. The Confederates retired into northwestern Ar-
kansas after this. Federals entered Arkansas. Afterward
they followed Cooper, Confederate, into the Indian Terri-
tory.
October 4th, Hawes was installed as Confederate provi-
sional governor of Kentucky at Frankfort, the army pro-
tecting. Bragg had been disappointed at not receiving
Kentucky accessions.
Combat of Hatchie Bridge, October 5th. S. A. Hurl-
but, South Carolina, came south from Bolivar, led the pur-
suit of Van Dorn, and met him at Hatchie Bridge, striking
the head of the column and intercepting the retreat. Ord,
arriving from Jackson, Tenn., assumed command, and
drove back troops that had crossed the bridge. He was
wounded severely and the command devolved on Hurlbut.
The Confederates continued their retreat by another road.
St. John's River Expedition. Steedman, with Brannan's
cooperation, captured a battery at St. John's Bluff Octo-
ber 5th, and made a demonstration with gunboats 200 miles
up St. John's River. They had caused the Confederates
to evacuate Jacksonville. Steedman held the St. John's
River to Lake Beaufort.
The Confederates evacuated Lexington October 7th.
Farragut sent an expedition which took possession of
Galveston October 8th. John Guest, Missouri, commanded
the Owosco at the capture of the forts at Galveston.
Battle of Perryville or Chaplin Hills, Ky., October 8th.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 111
Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, with raw troops, held the left
flank ; Rousseau, Kentucky, was next. Rousseau moved
his right forward a half mile for water. Confederates ap-
peared and Rousseau brought up his other two brigades.
There was artillery firing. After 2 p. m. the Confederates
attacked, and J. S. Jackson was killed at the first fire while
leading his men. The Federal left was turned and the line
gave way. The Confederates were checked later. Rous-
seau repulsed strong attacks. He was finally forced back.
The Confederate line advanced nearly a mile. The battle
was fought mostly by Rousseau's and Jackson's divisions.
W. R. Terrill, Virginia, showed bravery. He was killed
in a rear position while urging forward his brigade. Both
the left and right flanks of the corps were turned. Rous-
seau was resourceful. When the right was turned he had
a battery of six guns stop the advance. His intrepidity
was recognized. A brigade of T. J. Wood's division, Crit-
tenden's corps, did good senice. S. S. Fry, E. H. Hob-
son, Durbin Ward and Eli Long, all of Kentucky, were
engaged. Curran Pope, Kentucky, commanding a brigade,
was mortally wounded.
Lawrenceburg, Ky., October 8th and 9th. A portion of
Kirby Smith's anny did some fighting. On the 9th Bragg
marched to unite with Smith, and then remained eight miles
from Perryville for two days. Bragg commenced a retro-
grade movement, and, at Harrodsburg, Ky., October 11th,
his rear-guard was attacked, and he lost 1,200 men, mostly
sick and wounded.
At Stanford, Ky., October 13th, T. J. Wood, Kentucky,
engaged Confederate artillery and cavalry, and pursued the
Confederates.
The Army of the Ohio followed Bragg as far as London,
Ky., and then turned toward middle Kentucky. Thomas
was left in chief command with the army. He conducted
it toward Bowling Green and Glasgow, under orders.
October 21st, Confederates near Nashville were attacked
and driven.
112 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
J. A. McClemand, Kentucky, was authorized October
21st to raise and organize troops to aid him in an expedi-
tion against Vicksburg and to open the Mississippi River
to New Orleans. He concentrated troops at Memphis.
The plan was for him to move south and another anny
was to move up from New Orleans, and the two were to be
combined.
St. John's River Expedition. Action of Pocotaligo,
October 24th. J. M. Brannan, District of Columbia, com-
manding the land force in the expedition to St. John's
River, defeated the Confederates under Walker, and drove
them to Pocotaligo bridge. He successfully retreated to
Broad River before a large force. Guy V. Henry, Indian
Territor^'^, and J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, were en-
gaged.
October 30th the name " Army of the Ohio " was aban-
doned. The troops of the Department were designated as
the 14!th armj"^ corps. This name soon gave place to
" Army of the Cumberland." Thomas was charged with
keeping open the line of railroad communication between
Louisville and Nashville. He organized cavalry and di-
rected them to pursue Morgan.
Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was in command of Covington,
Ky., Camp Denison, O., and Camp Douglas, 111., October
80th, 1862, to April 14th, 1863.
Benj. P. Sands, Maryland, was senior officer command-
ing a division in the blockade of Wilmington, N. C, No-
vember, 1862, to February, 1865.
Leaving Grand Junction November 4th, the Army of the
Tennessee advanced toward Holly Springs. McClernand
was concentrating at Memphis a large force, which was to
move by the river and cooperate against Vicksburg.
Confederates were repulsed at Nashville, November 5th.
The Federals had moved quickly enough to prevent Bragg
from occupying Nashville. Bragg moved to jMurfreesboro.
November 7th, the army was reorganized : Thomas was
assigned to the center and Crittenden to the left wing.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 113
Part of the army reached Nashville November 9th.
Crittenden came from around Glasgow.
H. K. Davenport, Georgia, was in charge of the North
Carolina sounds November 10th.
Fredericksburg Campaign. The Army of the Potomac
began its march November 15th from Warrenton toward
Fredericksburg. There was an artillery duel near Fred-
ericksburg the 17th. Lee reached the hills around
Fredericksburg November 21st, p. m.
Mississippi expedition sailed from New York for New
Orleans December 4th— 6th.
Prairie Grove, Ark., December 7th. Hindman had
marched against the Federals. Troops were coming from
the north by the Fayetteville road to reenforce the Fed-
erals. Hindman kept dismounted cavalry in front of the
Federal line, skirmishing, while he moved along the Fay-
etteville road against the advancing force, past the Federal
flank. This force wished to cross the creek, but the ford
was commanded by Confederate artillery. John C. Black,
Mississippi, and another command and artillery were moved
on the right by a road cut through the timber and crossed
Illinois Creek there to attract the attention of the Confed-
erates, cause them to remove some of the artillery bearing
upon the regular ford, and enable the main force to cross
at the regular ford. Eighteen guns were, in consequence,
gotten across the creek. Then W. W. Orme, District of
Columbia, moved forward and crossed the creek at the
regular ford, under a heavy fire from the Confederate ar-
tillery, and immediately prepared for action. His artillery
opened fire upon the Confederate batteries and position.
Orme was in the left wing, which moved forward. He
forced his opponents back. The Confederates advanced
against the left. Orme so placed artillery that the Con-
federates were driven back. His infantry forced them
further back. His troops were afterward forced back with
loss. Black and others were brought to their assistance
and charged. Black, with bravery, captured a battery,
114 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
being severely wounded. Orme led his troops In person
and succeeded in checking and driving back the advancing
line. But the Confederates pushed them again. They
were aided with reenforcements while retreating, but were
forced back. Hindman countercharged, but Orme's and
other guns stopped his troops. About 2 o'clock the other
Federal body approached. Federal cavalry had threat-
ened Hindman's train, causing him to detach a division to
protect it.
On the Federal right wing, the opposing forces advanced
and met. The Confederates were forced back there, then
the Federals. The Confederates were checked with artillery
brought forward and forced back. Federal infantry there
advanced repeatedly, but could not pass the summit of the
hill, on account of the deadly musketry fire. The Federals
advanced again at twilight, and Frost, Confederate, com-
menced moving rapidly around the Federal right flank.
The Federals fell back within range of their guns, which
drove the Confederates with grape and cannister. The
Confederates commenced to withdraw about midnight.
The Federal army was largely southern. After the battle,
the Confederates fell back, reaching Little Rock near the
middle of January.
Expedition against Vicksburg from INIemphis, Decem-
ber, 1862. Walke, Virginia, was sent ahead with six
vessels to clear the Yazoo River and cover the landing of
the army. This was well performed.
December 11th and 12th Walke made expeditions up the
Yazoo River to destroy batteries, in preparation for the
assault upon Chickasaw Bluffs. He sent tin-clads to de-
stroy the torpedoes. December 12th gunboats were sent.
One was blown up and later the whole fleet worked there.
Tlie Army of the Potomac bombarded Fredericksburg
December 11th. The work of constructing bridges was
delayed by the fire of Confederates from near the edge of
Fredericksburg. December 11th and 12th were spent in
crossing the riven
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 115
Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 13th, 1862.
The Federal left moved to the attack at 8 :30 a. m.
Troops pressed through a gap between two Confederate
brigades. They stopped at the second line, and were
struck also on the flanks in retiring. Some of the troops
of D. B. Birney's division were thrown forward in sup-
port, but were also overpowered. However, the arrival
of his division at the crisis during the Confederate pur-
suit gave it a chance to occupy the line of battle, and
materially aided in saving a threatened battery, the Con-
federates faced by it falling back to their line.
The anny made successive vain attempts against the
Confederate left center, French's division participating.
He made the first attack on Marye's Heights. Getty was
in the attack there later. Getty and Newton commanded
divisions in the battle, and A. Pleasanton a cavalry division.
Wm. Bimey, Alabama, was wounded. John Buford, Ken-
tucky, was conspicuous. Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland;
S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia; H. G. Gibson, Mary-
land ; Wm. Hays, Virginia ; Gabriel R. Paul, INIissouri ;
J. C. Tidball, Virginia ; Kenner Garrard, Kentucky ; and
Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, were engaged. D. R.
Ransom, North Carolina, was brave and efficient. Henry
A. Morrow, Virginia, was valiant.
Aaron W. Weaver, District of Columbia, was in an en-
gagement with Confederate batteries near Port Hudson,
December 14th.
The Army of the Potomac recrosscd the river at Fred-
ericksburg the night of December 15th.
Under date of December 18th, 1862, McClcrnand was
put in command of the 13th corps and Hurlbut of the
16th.
Vicksburg Campaign of 1862. An army moved down
the ]\Iississippi from Memphis against Vicksburg December
20th. Van Dorn captured Holly Springs, Miss., and the
supplies of the West Tennessee Army there December 20th.
Forrest raided into west Tennessee, breaking its communi-
116 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
cations. These prevented that army from cooperating
with the other against Vicksburg.
December 21st S. P. Carter, Tennessee, with T. T.
Garrard, Kentucky, and three cavalry regiments, made his
way from Lebanon, Ky., through the Cumberland Moun-
tains into southwest Virginia and Tennessee destroying
railroad tracks down toward Knoxville, Tenn., and bridges
on the Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, and returned to Ken-
tucky via Jonesville, Va. This was an important raid,
with valuable results. It afforded relief to the Army of
the Cumberland when pressed at Murfreesboro, and had an
inspiring effect upon cavalry commands.
E. H. Hobson, Kentucky, attacked Morgan six miles from
Munfordville.
Action of Knob Gap, December 26th, 1862. The Fed-
erals attacked the Confederates, W. E. Woodruff, Ken-
tucky, participating.
Murfreesboro Campaign. The Army of the Cumber-
land started from Nashville December 26th toward Mur-
freesboro.
December 27th Federal troops from Prairie Grove
marched on Van Buren, Ark. They occupied Van Buren
next day and Hindman's force retreated. After the cap-
ture of Van Buren, Mannaduke, Confederate, was sent
against Springfield, Mo. C. B. Holland, Tennessee, com-
manding enrolled Missouri militia of the district, took
steps to collect his command there.
Vicksburg Campaign. Walke's vessels, cooperating,
attacked Haines' Bluff, a little north of Vicksburg, on
the east bank of the Yazoo River, December 2'7th, 1862.
Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, was engaged. The
landing of the army at Chickasaw Bayou, below, was cov-
ered by Walke's gunboats.
Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, Johnston's Landing, Miss.,
December 28th and 29th, 1862. This was an unsuccess-
ful attack against Vicksburg. At Johnston's Landing
F. P. Blair, Kentucky, commanding the right, led the way
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 117
ncross the Bayou. His hrlgadc was proininent in the as-
sault. After crossin<r the Bayou, it reached the foot of
tlie hills and took two lines of rifle pits. Blair fought
hard to gain the crest. He lost one-third of his brigade.
Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, led a brigade assault
against a strong force well intrenched, and held his
ground when all support had been withdrawn. He was
seriously wounded. S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky, and W.
J. Landram, Kentucky, commanded brigades. Thos. C.
Fletcher, Missouri, was wounded, and D. W. Lindsey, Ken-
tucky, was under fire. After the battle, the army was re-
embarked and taken back to Milllkcn's Bend.
Murfreesboro Campaign. Wheeler raided entirely
around the Federal army, starting the night of Decem-
ber 29th. S. S. Fry, Kentucky, commanded a division
protecting communications at the time of tlie battle.
December 30th a brigade crossed the river, leading the
movement to occupy Murfreesboro with a division. T. J.
Wood, Kentucky, received information through prisoners
that Breckenridge's corps was present. Wood and Palmer,
Kentucky, thought the brigade should be recalled. T.
L. Crittenden, Kentucky, agreed with them, and suspended
the movement. The brigade was recalled from a perilous
situation.
December 31st the act for the admission of West Vir-
ginia as a State was approved by President Lincoln. It
was afterward ratified by a convention and by the people
of that region.
Battle of Murfreesboro, December 31st-Jan. 3d.
Bragg moved against the Federal right. A movement
was started against the Confederate right. Bragg struck
the right flank. Before the news had reached the Fed-
eral left, Crittenden's corps, a division there had crossed
the river. T. J. Wood, Kentucky, had withdrawn two
brigades to follow. Palmer, next down the line, had made
a slight advance early in the morning. Next in line was
one division of Thomas' corps, with the other, Rousseau's,
118 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
behind it. Then came the right wing — two divisions in
line, with R. W. Johnson's, fortunately, behind. At early
mom Bragg struck the right flank heavily. The end
brigades in line were quickly broken. R. W. Johnson,
Kentucky, had taken all precautions against sui'prise. At
6:22 his outposts were driven In and cavalry attacked his
extreme right. He formed and made a slight advance.
The Confederates, working to the rear of the line, struck
him. He ordered up his reserv'e brigade. All were com-
pelled to fall back, outnumbered greatly and flanked.
The line brigade of W. E. Woodruff", Kentucky, received
the attack with veteran courage.
In the second stage of the battle, Woodruff" was among
those attacked and aided in repulsing a Confederate at-
tack. A second attack was repulsed. A third Confed-
erate attack was successful. Woodinaff^'s was the last bri-
gade of his division to go. He retreated through the
woods, then turned, and charged the pursuing Confed-
erates with such vim that he regained his former position,
but, being unsupported, could not hold it. The right wing
was driven to the rear of Thomas, holding the center.
After the right was turned, the left was recalled from its
movement against the Confederate right.
Third stage. When Thomas perceived that the di-
vision immediately on his right had changed position with
ominous portent, he ordered Rousseau to move two bri-
gades to its right and rear. Its right flank, though ex-
tending far back, was exposed. Hardee was moving to
take Thomas in reverse. The Confederates were also mov-
ing against his right flank and front. Rousseau's move
checked the advance of the Confederates. A heavy con-
flict ensued. Rousseau fought bravely and well. Wood-
ruff^, and a portion of R. W. Johnson's division, fell back
to the right of Rousseau's division. Johnson won merit.
Thomas repulsed the first attacks against him. The
further break of the division now between Thomas' two
divisions made a gap between Rousseau and his other di-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 119
vision, into which the Confederates rushed. The flanks
of both were in the air, and soon both were nearly sur-
rounded. Thomas ordered two brigades of the line
division to fall back. Rousseau led his reserves to the front
and sent a battalion of regulars to the assistance of the
other division, which had recoiled. Crittenden's early for-
ward movement on the left had kept Breckenridge from
adding to the mass attack which was so disastrously bear-
ing back the Federal right and center. Saml. W. Price,
Kentucky, commanding a brigade in Crittenden's corps,
was ordered to hold the ford, and impressed that it must
be done to the very last, to prevent the Confederates from
flanking the Federal left. A new disposition had been
made of all troops not on the battle front. Thomas re-
ceived reenforcements from Crittenden. Thomas' two di-
visions, and Palmer, the southernmost of Crittenden's
divisions, were compelled to fight in all directions. After
hard fighting, the three divisions were firmly connected.
Thomas selected a new temporary and a new permanent
line. He ordered his divisions to withdraw to fonn the
new line. He first directed that a new line should be
taken running along a depression in the open ground in
rear of the cedar woods, to be held until the artillery could
be retired to high ground near the Nashville turnpike
selected for the new permanent line. He massed the ar-
tillery on the heights. Rousseau withdrew under a heavy
fire to the depression, asking the commander of the division
of Crittenden's corps which had returned from across the
river to move the division to his right. The Confederates
came on, and much credit is due to Rousseau in the check-
ing of them, giving time for the formation of the new line
on the high ground. He charged desperately, hurling the
Confederates back into the cedars. Four assaults had
been made on his position. The attack from the front
and flank struck Palmer, Kentucky, with great fury. He
was so nearly enveloped that the reserve changed front
to the rear. Part of his division which broke away fought
120 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Its way to the new line on the high ground. Crittenden's
troops were ahgned and reenforced the troops on the new
line. The stout defense of Thomas had enabled the right
wing to partly reorganize and take place on the high line.
Bragg now, Avhile continuing up to the left wing, made
dispositions to turn that also. Breckenridge crossed the
river. Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, made dispositions to
meet the attack, placing batteries to fight the Confederate
batteries across the river. The " Round Forest," high
wooded ground at the railroad, was the objective of the
Confederates as the ke3'-point. They made repeated at-
tacks on it. Crittenden, with his division commanders,
bent his energies to throw together troops and batteries
enough to hold the point. Wood held the extreme left.
He helped well, though wounded in the foot at 10 a. m.
He and Palmer managed their commands with judgment,
skill and courage in the crisis. Hardee was now forced to
take the defensive, Crittenden's other division and Rous-
seau contributing largely to that result. The Confed-
erate attack against the Federal left was repulsed.
Palmer was seriously beset and received several supports
from Wood. Kentucky troops here were hotly engaged.
Missouri troops performed valuable service. Brecken-
ridge, with four brigades, assailed the Federal left at the
Round Forest. About the whole of the Federal line was
at right angles to its original line and curved back.
Palmer and Wood managed to withstand assaults. Palmer
withstood terrific assaults in the final position. Critten-
den's corps maintained its position. Thomas had helped
form the line. Crittenden rode at the head of his troops
for hours, and was under deadly fire. Confederate cavalry
during the day passed entirely around the Federal anny,
striking at the trains. The deeds of Thomas, Crittenden,
Rousseau, Palmer and Wood this day were heroic. After
the day closed Thomas and Crittenden were against re-
treat. E. H. Murray, Kentucky, fought bravely, com-
manding cavalry, when the Confederates got in the Fed-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 121
eral rear. That Thomas, with the third of the army to
his right gone from its place, and with the accumulated
mass of the Confederate army pressing on at flank and
rear, and assailing the front, remained intrepid and so
handled troops that a line opposed Bragg at the close of
the day, stamped him with honor.
Murfreesboro. There was little fighting January 1st.
In the afternoon Crittenden moved troops across the river
and formed battle line against Breckenridge. Confed-
erate cavalry operated in the Federal rear.
Galveston, Texas, January 1st. Magruder, Confed-
erate, with ordinary river boats and troops, defeated the
Federal vessels, sunk the gunboat Westfield, captured gun-
boat Harriet Lane and the small land force, and received
the surrender of Galveston. Farragut reestablished the
blockade before the Harriet Lane could be converted into
a Confederate cruiser. From January, 1863, Farragut
was employed, in conjunction with the army, in forcing a
way into the interior of Louisiana. T. A. Jenkins, Vir-
ginia, on the Hartford was fleet captain of the West Gulf
Blockading Squadron.
Murfreesboro, January 2d. At 3 p. m. the Confed-
erates advanced against the Federals who had crossed to
the east side of Stone River. They broke the lines of S.
W. Price, Kentucky, and others and followed to the river.
T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, to cover the retreat, appealed
to his chief of artillery, and 58 guns were effectively
massed against the victors. Musketry also played on
them. Seven regiments from Thomas' corps crossed the
river after the Confederate advance was stopped, charged,
pursued the retiring Confederates, and the position was re-
taken. The Federals intrenched a line on that side of the
river.
Murfreesboro. There was little fighting January 3d.
At 6 p. M, Thomas threw forward two brigades, one un-
der J. G. Spears, Tennessee, and drove the Confederates
from the woods in their front and the intrenchments be-
122 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
jond. Following this spirited atluck, Bragg, with his po-
sition endangered, withdrew during the night. Pie fell
back behind Duck River at Manchester, Tullahoma and
Shelbjville.
During the battles of Murfreesboro, Thomas gave val-
uable council. Palmer, Kentucky, was skillful. Eli Long,
Kentucky, was wounded. W. C. Whittaker, Kentucky,
and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were engaged. S. S. Fry,
Kentucky, commanded a division protecting communica-
tions at the time of the battle.
J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, arrived at Milliken's Bend
January 3d, 1863, and assumed command next day,
naming the aniiy " Army of the Mississippi." On that
day he embarked the army, 32,000 men, accompanied by a
fleet of 3 iron-clads and 6 gunboats, in an expedition up
the Arkansas River against Arkansas Post, Ark.
Action of Springfield, Mo., January 7th and 8th, 1863.
Marmaduke, Confederate, made the attack, which was re-
pulsed. The Federal troops were largely Missourians.
Geo. H. Hall, A^irginia, was ordered with cavalry out to
meet Mannaduke's advance. He engaged the Confeder-
ates, then retired to the Federal line. Upon Shelby's ad-
vance, Hall made a sortie. He helped repulse an attack
on the Federal right. Marmaduke, unsuccessful, with-
drew next day.
January 9th, 1863, the Army of the Cumberland was
organized as the 14th, 20th and 21st corps.
Battle of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, Ark., January
10th and 11th, 1863. McClernand disembarked his army
near Arkansas Post January 10th. Iron-clads began the
attack, Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, being among
those engaged.
Arkansas Post, January 11th. The Federal attack was
renewed by both army and fleet. Chas. R. Ellet, District
of Columbia, in the Monarch helped cut off* retreat by
the ferry. After a heavy bombardment of nearly four
hours, the Confederates surrendered. S. G. Burbridge,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 123
Kentucky, led the charge prccedhig the surrender. His
men were swannijig over the intrcnclnnents wlien the white
flag was raised. Bache silenced guns. Wm. Vandever,
JNIaryland, was conspicuous. F. P. Blair, Kentucky, W.
J. Landram, Kentucky, and D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky,
were engaged. ]\IcClcrnand took nearly 5,000 prisoners.
The Cincinnati, commanded by Bache, and another ves-
sel, went up the White River directly after this, W. A.
Gonnan, Kentucky, accompanying with troops in trans-
ports. St. Charles, Ark., was taken.
Action of Hartsville, Mo., January 11th, 1863. Mar-
maduke attacked and gained an advantage over a small
Federal command.
" jNIud March " against Lee. The Army of the Po-
tomac marched to cross the river a few miles above Fred-
ericksburg, January 20th and 21st, 1863. The elements
rendered the roads practically impassable and the Anny
returned.
The Army of the Mississippi returned to Milliken's
Bend, and was employed until July in operations against
Vicksburg.
January 31st, 1863, Confederate rams Chicora and
Palmetto State slipped out of Charleston harbor before
day and attacked the blockading vessels. J. M. Frailey,
Maryland, commanding the Quaker City, was among those
who went to the assistance of the Keystone State when
rendered helpless and effected a rescue. The Quaker City
was partly disabled. One Federal steamer surrendered,
and the others steamed out of range.
Chas. R. Ellet, District of Columbia, in the ram Queen
of the West ran the Vicksburg batteries the night of Feb-
ruary 2d. Cotton bales, designed for protection, took
fire and set fire to the vessel. The cotton was thrown
overboard. Ellet went south to the Red River. He
burnt three steamers ; returned, and captured two.
The " Army of Kentucky," about 14,000 men, was com-
bined with the Army of the Cumberland in February, 1863.
1S4 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
February 3d the Mississippi River levee was cut at
Yazoo Pass, giving a route from the north into the Yazoo
River.
Gu3^ V. Henry, Indian Territory, was in command of a
light brigade in the expedition to Florida, February 4th
to April 24th, 1863.
A secessionist convention at Frankfort, Kentucky, was
dispersed by Federals, February 18th, 1863.
Benj. F. Sands, Maryland, naval officer, was in an en-
gagement at Fort Caswell February 23d.
Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of the
District of Western Kentucky, February 25th to March
1st, 1863.
February 26th the Cherokee national council repealed
the ordinance of secession.
Suffolk, Va., Campaign. About February 26th, 1863,
Longstreet was detached from Lee's army and placed in
command of the Department of Virginia and North Caro-
lina, with headquarters at Petersburg.
Albert M. Powell, Maryland, was Chief of Artillery of
the 17th corps from February, 1863, to July, 1864.
Percival Drayton, South Carolina, with the Passaic,
Patapsco and Nahant, engaged Fort McAllister, in the
river below Savannah, Ga., March 3d, 1863.
Combat of Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 4th and
5th, 1863. L. D. Watkins, Florida, was engaged.
Federals took Jacksonville, Fla., March 10th, 1863.
Yazoo River Expedition from the North, combined mili-
tary and naval force, March 11th, 1863. The fleet at-
tacked Fort Pemberton, at the head of the Yazoo River,
unsuccessfully. Jas. P. Foster, Kentucky, commanded
the Chillicothe in the expedition down the Yazoo. The
ChilUcofhe and another vessel attacked Fort Pemberton on
three different days. The ChilUcothe was damaged.
The command of the expedition devolved latterly upon
Foster. He performed valuable services. After the cut-
ting of the levee, while the rushing waters of the Missis-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 125
sippi were filling up a channel before reaching the normal,
the Confederates had utilized the time in making their de-
fenses on the Yazoo strong.
Port Hudson, La., March 13th and 14th. In attack
on the 13th, W. H. Emory, with one division, reached the
rear of Port Hudson.
Port Hudson, March 14th. The Federals moved to
the rear — 12,000 men. Farragut ran the batteries that
night with seven of his vessels, after a vigorous engage-
ment, the Hartford leading. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia,
commanded the Hartford. He was fleet captain and Far-
ragut's chief of staff'. C. R. Ellet commanded the Switzer-
land. Farragut reached the mouth of Red River, and
blockaded it till May 2d, 1863. The command of the
Red River enabled the army to turn Port Hudson from
the west by the Atchafalaya River.
An expedition was engaged from March 14th to 27th
in the attempt to reach Sunflower and Yazoo rivers above
Haines' Bluff' via Steele's Bayou and Deer Creek, thereby
to avoid the Confederate defenses on Haines' Bluff" in op-
erations to the northeast against Vicksburg. Bache com-
manded the Cincinnati in this expedition.
Combat of New Bern, Defense of Fort Anderson, Neuse
River, opposite New Bern, March 14th and 15th. Hill
and Pettigrew, with 3,000 men and 18 guns, attacked.
Henry K. Davenport, Georgia, commanding gunboats, suc-
cessfully defended, silencing the guns, and saving the
fort. The Hunchback was eff"ective and the skill and
vigor of naval officer W. P. McCann, Kentucky, were im-
portant aids.
March 18th, 1863, the House of Representatives of
New Jersey passed peace resolutions.
Thornton A. Jenkins, Virginia, engaged batteries at
Grand Gulf March 19th. He engaged batteries at War-
renton between March 21st and 28th.
Passage of Vicksburg, March 25th, 1863. C. R. Ellet,
District of Columbia, commanded the Switzerland.
126 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Jenkins engaged batteries at Grand Gulf March 30th.
Combat of Button's Hill, or Somerset, March 30th,
Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, was engaged. The Confed-
erates retired after a five-hours' engagement.
March 31st Confederates appeared near Washington,
N. C. They resorted to siege methods for 18 days. H.
K. Davenport sent vessels to protect it, including the
Hunchback under McCann, Kentucky.
Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was employed in an ex-
pedition to Port Royal, Va., in April, 1863.
David G. Farragut, Tennessee, with the Hartford, T.
A. Jenkins, Virginia; Switzerland, Chas. R. Ellet, and
Albatross, engaged and passed the Grand Gulf batteries
April 1st. He went on as far as the Red River, ravaged
in it, and destroyed Confederate gunboats.
Battle of Charleston, Bombardment of Forts Sumter,
Moultrie and Beauregard, April 7th, 1863. Drayton,
South Carolina, with the Passaic, was second in line.
Five Federal vessels were disabled. The Keokuk sank
next morning from the effects of the battle. John
Rodgers, Maryland, commanded the Weehawken; D. McN.
Fairfax, Virginia, Nantucket, and Thos. Turner, District
of Columbia, New Ironsides. Turner handled his vessel
with courage, judgment and ability. The Federal attack
was unsuccessful. Turner was engaged in operations
around Charleston till August, 1863. Ed. Barrett,
Louisiana, assisted in the blockade of Charleston.
The amiy in Louisiana started crossing the Mississippi
River April 9th, and marched against Dick Taylor, Con-
federate.
Suffolk, Va., Campaign, Operations on the Blackwater
River. Longstreet advanced April 11th and made un-
successful attempts on the Federal lines.
Suffolk Campaign, Defense of the Nansemond River,
April 12th— 26th. The Confederates made a sudden move
in force to cross the Nansemond River, and thereby reach
Suffolk to attack the Federal force there. S. P. Lee, Vir-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 127
ginia, commanding the North Atlantic Blockading Squad-
ron, hastily moved two flotillas to hold the line of the
river, one comprising the Stepping Stones and seven other
gunhoats in the upper Nansemond, and the other of four
gunhoats in the lower waters. G. W. Getty, District of
Columbia, commanded troops.
Combat of Fort Bisland, La., April 13th. Emory,
Maryland, was engaged.
Emory's division and another were moved to try to hold
Taylor in position, while a third should gain his rear.
Taylor fell back during the night of April 13th.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was in the raid of cavalry
from the Army of the Potomac toward Richmond, April
13th to May 2d, preliminary to the Chancellorsville cam-
paign.
Combat of Irish Bend or Indian Ridge, La,, April 14th.
Taylor met the Federals advancing against his line of re-
treat in the a. m., and attacked them, extricating himself.
April 14th, the Confederate land batteries attacked
Lee's gunboats in the Nansemond.
Jacob Ammen, Virginia, commanded the District of
Illinois, April 14th to December 16th, 1863.
The Federal army started south from north of Vicks-
burg, down the west side of the Mississippi River, April
15th. The fleet bombarded Vicksburg that night.
Longstreet menaced Suffolk, April 16th to 30th.
The vessels, with transports, passed Vicksburg south-
bound the night of April 16th, Walke, Virginia, in the
Lafayette, among them. He passed successfully to
Carthage, La., ten miles below Vicksburg, where was en-
camped, under McClernand, the advance division of the
army.
McClernand marched farther down to Perkins Land-
ing ; afterward, to Hard Times — 22 miles below.
An important cavalry raid down jMississippi, planned
and directed by S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, was iu
progress from April 17th to May 2d.
128 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Hill's Point, Battery Hugcr, at the mouth of the west
branch Nansemond River, April 19th. The upper Nanse-
mond flotilla, sent by S. P. Lee, and G. W. Getty, District
of Columbia, commanding the stomning column of 300
troops, captured the battery. They captured five guns
and 130 men. Longstreet was attempting to surround
Suff*olk.
The army in Louisiana occupied Opelousas April 20th.
It moved on Alexandria, thence returned, crossing the
Mississippi River April 23d, and moved to the rear of
Port Hudson.
April 20th J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, made a successful
raid, destroying railroad track, capturing 180 prisoners
and large supplies, and returning to Murfreesboro with-
out loss. He had 4,000 infantry and 2,600 cavalry.
Horatio G. Gibson, IMaryland, was Chief of Artillery,
Army of the Ohio, April 20th, 1863, to January 22d,
1864.
Six transports and barges passed Vicksburg the night of
April 22d.
April 22d the lower Nansemond flotilla sent by S. P. Lee
made a landing expedition to Chuckatuck, several miles in-
land.
The investment of Port Hudson was completed Apnl
26th. By blockading the mouth of the Red River, Far-
ragut prevented supplies therefrom from reaching Port
Hudson during its investment.
Chancellorsville Campaign. Lee was posted around
Fredericksburg. The Army of the Potomac started in a
flanking movement upon his left and rear. The second
corps marched on the north of the Rappahannock River
April 28th for Bank's Ford, four miles above Fredericks-
burg. Part of the army crossed the Rappahannock at
Kelly's Ford that day. Sol. Meredith, North Carolina,
forced the crossing of the Rappahannock.
A cavalry raid against Lee's railroad communications
started on the 29th, crossing the Rappahannock. John
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 129
Buford, Kentucky, and John C. Tidball, Virginia, par-
ticipated.
A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, had the advance in
the initial march to Chancellorsville the 29th, with a small
cavalry force.
Grand Gulf, Bald Head, Bombardment, April 29th.
The fleet engaged the batteries but did not silence the
guns. H. Walke, Virginia, commanded the 2d division of
the fleet in the attack on Point of Rocks. He attacked
Bald Head, silencing the main fort on Point of Rocks.
John H. Russell, Maryland, naval officer, was engaged.
The 13th corps, McClernand, Kentucky, commanding, was
in the fleet ready to seize the works should they be silenced.
The fleet, with McClernand, passed Grand Gulf. Walke
remained after the heavy bombardment, firing till night to
prevent the reoccupation of the batteries.
Engagement at Haines' Bluff', April 29th— May 1st.
This was a naval demonstration north of Vicksburg dur-
ing the attack on Grand Gulf. F. M. Ramsay, District
of Columbia, commanding the Choctaw, participated.
McClernand gained information of a good landing place
ut Bruinsburg and road thence to Port Gibson. The army
crossed the Mississippi River there April 30th. Mc-
Clernand led the advance from the river. The way had
been found for the army from Milliken's Bend by way of
New Carthage to a point on the Mississippi opposite
Bruinsburg by his corps.
Chancellorsville Campaign. Part of the Federal army
arrived at Chancellorsville April 30th. The 6th and 1st
corps crossed the Rappahannock three miles below Fred-
ericksburg the same day, trying to hold Lee while the
main body at Chancellorsville should come down on his left
flank and rear. Lee left a force to face that below Fred-
ericksburg, turned west and marched upon Chancellors-
ville. The 1st corps afterward recrossed the river.
Buffington was captured by D. Hunter, District of Co-
lumbia, the latter part of April.
130 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, naval officer, at-
tacked the batteries of Tampa, Fla., in April, 1863.
J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was in command of a
division at Centreville from April to August, 1863.
Battle of Port Gibson, Magnolia Hills, Miss., May 1st,
1863. McClernand, Kentucky, by a forced march reached
Port Gibson. He planned the battle and disposed the
forces at the commencement of the battle, surprising the
Confederates. His corps was engaged in the battle. One
Confederate wing was outflanked and retreated, the other
wing following before sunset. 384 Confederates were cap-
tured. The evacuation of Port Gibson and Grand Gulf
was the sequel. Among those engaged were Wm. P. Ben-
ton, Maryland ; Albert M. Powell, Maryland ; T. T. Gar-
rard, Kentucky ; D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky ; W. J. Lan-
dram, Kentucky ; David Shunk, Maryland ; M. F. Force,
District of Columbia, and John D. Stevenson, Virginia.
Monticello, Ky., May 1st. S. P. Carter, Tennessee,
with 5,000 men, attacked the Confederates under Pegram,
and drove them from the field with heavy loss.
Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was in an expedition to
the Northern Neck of Virginia in May, 1863.
CHAPTER V
Chancellorsville — Champion's Hill — Big Black
River — Vicksburg — Hoover's Gap — Donaldsonville —
Gettysburg — Helena — Charleston.
Battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 1st to -ith, 1863.
The Army of the Potomac marched east of Chancellors-
ville a few miles May 1st. When they came upon Lee's
advance, they returned to Chancellorsville. Lee struck
some of the retiring troops near Chancellorsville that after-
noon.
The Federals occupied Port Gibson, Miss., May 2d. S.
G. Burbridge, Kentucky, was among the first to enter the
place.
Chancellorsville, May 2d. The Federal arrangement
was — left, 5th coips, then 2d ; center, 12th and Birney's
division of the 3d; right, 11th, with Pleasanton's cavalry
near. Lee assailed the Federal left with cannon and
musketry while Jackson marched around to reach the Fed-
eral right flank. When Jackson was discovered moving to
the southwest by Catharine Furnace, A. Pleasanton was
sent to observe. He placed his command at Hazel Grove.
D. B. Birney, Alabama, reported a continuous movement
of Confederates toward the Federal right. Having a
rifled battery open on Jackson with effect, he caused the
latter to withdraw to a more southerly road, Birney taking
possession of the Catharine Furnace road. Jackson
marched on, leaving a rear-guard to sustain any attack.
Birney, ordered to advance, struck the rear, capturing 500.
Lee assaulted with artillery and infantry on the Federal
left at 2:30 p.m. The 12th corps had advanced in the
center unsuccessfully. About 5 :30 p. m. Jackson reached
131
132 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the flank and rear of the right whig. He struck and
crushed the flank, which was panic-stricken. The whole
11th corps went quickly. Fugitives came pell-mell upon
the rear of the Federal center. Jackson was coming rap-
idly between Birney and the army. An attempt was made
to recall Birney. Alfred Pleasanton, District of Colum-
bia, was of much service in the arresting of Jackson's
further progress. He faced about when the 11th corps
passed in flight. He rapidly moved the two regiments of
cavalry at hand and a battery to the head and right flank
of Jackson's advancing columns, when, making a cavalry
charge and bringing up his own guns, he was able to make
some impression. The cavalry charged into the woods,
and he got his battery of horse artillery into position.
He also placed six more guns off'ered him. Three
charges against his guns were made and repelled with
great slaughter. In front of these batteries Jackson fell,
and they swept the road while his men were trying to bear
him to the rear. Pleasanton succeeded in getting ten more
guns, making 22 in all. He thus acted with eff'ect in a
condition of critical peril. Meantime, French's division
of the 2d corps was moved from the left at double-quick to
present a front to Jackson's infantry, the brigade of Wm.
Hays, Virginia, being one of those so employed, holding
ground vacated by the retreating 11th corps. Pleasanton
saved Birney from being cut off^. Birney arrived at Hazel
Grove between 9:30 and 10 p.m. He took position in
front of the artillery. Before midnight Jackson's men
cut Bimey's connection with the rest of the army, but he
restored it with a column attack, charging down the plank
road, using the bayonet, driving the Confederates back,
and recovering part of the lost ground. He brought
away several guns which had been abandoned. Pleasanton
cooperated with the artillei-y. When troops of the 3d
corps fell back, French and another division of the 2d
corps charged the Confederate left, which somewhat re-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 133
licved the iid coi*ps. French, Maryland, was valiant and
useful this day.
May 2d, the three cavalry regiments started by Hurlbut
from Tennessee, having passed down the length of Missis-
sippi, reached Baton Rouge, La. They had moved in
separate bodies, riding 600 miles, destroying railroad
bridges and stores, and 3,000 stand of arms. They brought
into Baton Rouge over 1,000 horses and many head of
cattle. This achievement was of service to the army op-
erating against Vicksburg.
Grand Gulf was occupied by the Federals May 3d.
Walke, Virginia, fired upon the batteries at the time of the
evacuation.
Getty made a reconnoissance and commanded in an en-
gagement on the Providence Church road near Suffolk,
May 3d.
Chancellorsville, JMay 3d. About 5 a. m. the 3d corps
began to retire to the left of the right flank. J. E. B.
Stuart commanded In place of Jackson, and attacked early.
His attack caught the 3d corps In motion, D. B. BIrney in
the rear. Pleasanton had 40 guns in position. They did
heavy execution against Stuart. The 3d corps was forced
back, Stuart took Hazel Grove, placed artillery, enfiladed
the 12th corps at Fair View and Chancellorsville, and
damaged the 3d corps badly. The brigade of S. S. Car-
roll, District of Columbia, and another one of French's
brigades, attacked Stuart's, flank hard, a service of merit.
Stuart and Lee united. The Federals were driven from
the field and took a new position to the north, toward
United States ford.
Fredericksburg. The 6th corps, east of Fredericks-
burg, striving to join the main army at Chancellorsville,
pressed to Fredericksburg by daylight. The division of
John Ne^ion, Virginia, led and opened the way to the
rear and left of Fredericksburg. The heights behind the
town were assaulted, and flank movements were made un-
134 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
successfully. An attack on ^Nlarye's Heights was made
under the direction of Newton. It was in two columns
supported bj a line. The advance was checked but re-
sumed, and the stone wall was carried at the point of the
ba^'onet at 11 a. m., with heavy loss, after a hard con-
flict. Newton had gotten on the Confederate flank.
There was hand-to-hand fighting along the wall. 1,000
men and some artillery were captured. This was a notable
achievement.
Salem Church. The 6th corps was obstructed in march-
ing on to the vicinity of Salem Heights, where the Con-
federates made a stand supported from the main army.
It attacked about the middle of the afternoon. Newton,
with the left wing, made several gallant assaults. The
fight was quite severe. The crest of the woods was gained,
but the Confederates forced the Federals back. The coi-ps
retired on Bank's Ford. Lee, having detached to meet the
6th corps, refrained from a general assault this day on
the main army in its new position.
Chancellorsville, May 4th. Lee extended his right un-
til INIarye's Heights and Fredericksburg were again in his
hands. Newton made arrangements for withdrawal via
Bank's Ford, quickly acquainting himself with the roads
thereto, and establishing communication with the force in
charge of the pontoons there. Lee attacked the center
and left of the 6th corps at 6 p. m., threatening to cut it
off" from Bank's Ford. The corps fell back to the ford,
and recrossed the river during the night.
May 4th Farragut's vessels took possession of Fort de
Russy, La.
Chancellorsville May 5th. The Army of the Potomac
recrossed to the north side of the Rappahannock River
the night of May 5th. In the Chancellorsville battles
Wm. M. Graham, District of Columbia, commanded an
artillery reserve. H. A. Morrow, Virginia, fought with
merit. Wm. Hays, Virginia, was Avoundod and captured.
Among those engaged were Gabriel R. Paul, jNIissouri; Sol.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 135
Meredith, North Carolina ; Chas. Candy, Kentucky ; Wm.
Bimey, Alabama; J. B. Mcintosh, Florida; C. M. Pre-
vost, Maryland; John C. Tidball, Virginia; B. F. Davis,
Alabama ; John Buford and Kenner Garrard, Ken-
tucky.
Farragut sent the expedition which was up the Red
River, cooperating with the army there. The vessels
steamed up to Alexandria, La., and the army arrived there
May 7th. Alexandria was captured. After this, Far-
ragut operated against Port Hudson from below.
The army that had captured Port Gibson moved east
across Mississippi in two parallel lines — one led by Mc-
Clernand.
Combat of Raymond, Miss., May 12th. Raymond was
won by the advance of the brigade of John D. Stevenson,
Virginia. The Confederate force of 5,000 was unable to
stand against the Federals. M. F. Force, District of Co-
lumbia, was engaged.
McClernand withdrew with skill from the front of the
Confederates at Edwards' Station to join the other column
marching upon Jackson, Miss.
Combat of Jackson, Miss. J. E. Johnston evacuated
after some fighting, losing 17 guns. Wm. P. Benton,
IMaryland, and Albert M. Powell, Maryland, were en-
gaged. John D. Stevenson, Virginia, followed the Con-
federates out of Jackson.
One of Hurlbut's spies brought in J. E. Johnston's dis-
patch directing that the army from Vicksburg establish
communication. The Confederate plans and movements
were thereby disclosed. That army had moved southeast
from Vicksburg to oppose the Federal armj^'s progress.
The Federal army moved to cut Johnston off from the
junction point — Bolton. McClernand seized Bolton
promptly. Blair moved toward Edwards' Station, fol-
lowed by McClernand.
Battle of Champion's Hill, or Baker's Creek, Miss., May
16th. This was a chance meeting. McClernand, Ken-
136 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
tucky, had come upon the Confederate army while It was
making a retrograde movement. It was put in hne of
battle. McClemand's was the only corps that was up
when the battle commenced. He attacked. Tlie Federals
in force reached the field. John D. Stevenson, Virginia,
made a charge that broke the Confederates' left flank —
a striking achievement. His men charged across ravines,
up a hill, and through an open field, capturing seven guns
and several hundred prisoners, and thus gaining the road
in the Confederate rear, which cut off Loring and com-
pelled him to cut loose from the army, losing all his guns.
He turned up at Jackson. The Confederate army re-
treated toward Vicksburg, having lost 3,839 men, about
2,000 of them prisoners. Wm. P. Benton, Albert M.
Powell, T. T. Gan-ard, Kentucky; D. W. Lindsey, Ken-
tucky ; S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky ; W. J. Landram, Ken-
tucky ; David Shunk, Maryland, and M. F. Force, District
of Columbia, were engaged.
Battle of Big Black River, Miss., May 17th, 1863.
McClernand's corps was the first that came upon the Con-
federate army's position at the river. It carried the same
by assault, the Confederates making a short stand. The
part of the Confederate army on the east side of the river
fled across, and the bridge was burnt. 17 guns, 1,751
prisoners and several thousand small arms were captured.
Benton, T. T. Garrard, Lindsey, Burbridge and Shunk
were engaged. The Federal army reached Vicksburg next
day.
Battle of Vicksburg, Miss., May 19th. F. P. Blair,
Kentucky, led in the assault. His division was distinguished
by planting its colors on the Confederate works. The
Federal army was repulsed. T. T. Garrard, W. J. Land-
dram, Lindsey and Burbridge were engaged.
A fleet of gunboats under Walke had ascended the
Yazoo River. The opening of communication with the
ai'my, now back of Vicksburg, was an object. It reached
Yazoo City May 20th. The only remaining Confederate
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 137
navy yard, vessels and other property, all ainouuting to
$2,000,000 in value, were destroyed upon the capture of
the city. Francis M. Ramsay, commanding the Choctaw,
was in the fleet.
Battle of Vicksburg, IVIiss., May 22d. The gunboats
opened fire on Vicksburg defenses and the army assaulted.
It was repulsed, but had obtained a lodgment at two points
on the line — on Confederate Generals Forney's and S. D.
Lee's fronts. A detached work in Lee's line was cap-
tured, but was retaken in a few minutes. McClernand re-
ported that he had gained the Confederate advanced in-
trenchments in several places. S. G. Burbridgc, Ken-
tucky, and Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, planted colors on
the slope of the earthworks. Attack was made by Blair's
division. The fleet kept up a heavy fire during the as-
sault, mortar-boats shelling the city and batteries. T. T.
Garrard, Lindsey, Landram, Shunk, Force and Stevenson
were engaged.
Siege of Vicksburg, and fighting in the Vicksburg
trenches, May 23— July 4, 1863. Mortar-boats continued
shelling the city and batteries. The gunboats bombarded
May 27th, June 20th and at other times. The siege guns
in rear of Vicksburg were worked by naval crews. The
Missouri militia organization of Gov. Gamble, Virginia, en-
abled the sending of troops from Missouri to aid the army
before Vicksburg when menaced by J. E. Johnston.
E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, was in command of West
Point, May 24th and 25th.
Port Hudson was invested May 25th.
Vicksburg, May 27th. The fleet attacked. Geo. M.
Bache, District of Columbia, commanding the Cincinnati,
showed commendable courage. His vessel was sunk.
Battle of Port Hudson, May 27th and 28th. The Fed-
erals made an unsuccessful assault. Farragut, Tennessee,
participated from the Mississippi River. T. A. Jenkins,
Virginia, commanded the Monongahela, temporary flag-
ship, wliich attacked the batteries.
138 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was engaged in an expe-
dition to Westmoreland C. H., Va., in June, 1863.
Guy V. Henr}^ Indian Territory, became acting Chief
of Artillery, Department of the South, in June, 1863.
A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, as Adjutant General of Ten-
nessee, June 1st, 1863, to April 1st, 1865, created a credit-
able body of soldiers.
June 1st, 1863, Democratic Convention in Philadelphia
sympathized with Vallandigham, the expatriated Demo-
cratic candidate for governor of Ohio.
A peace meeting was held in New York City June 3d,
called by leading Democrats to devise means for ending the
War.
H. Walke, Virginia, dispersed Confederates under Rich-
ard Taylor at Simmsport, La., and blockaded the mouth
of the Red River June 4th.
Combat of JSIilliken's Bend, Liverpool's Landing, June
6th to 8th. June 6th, Confederates attacked Milliken's
Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River, and the
garrison was driven from the works to the levee. F. M.
Ramsay, District of Columbia, in the Choctaw, prevented
their capture, shelling the Confederates and forcing them
to retreat. The Bragg was commanded here by Joshua
Bishop, Missouri. The Lexington, commanded by Bache,
District of Columbia, reached the scene of action as the
Confederates were making off and shelled them. The loss
was : Confederate 652 ; Federal 428.
Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was in com-
mand of the cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, from
June 7th, 1863, to March 26th, 1864.
The army before Vicksburg received a division from
Hurlbut, June 8th-14th, 1863.
Gettysburg, Pa., Campaign. Lee moved from between
the Anny of the Potomac and Richmond, and made for
Pennsylvania, finally threatening its Capital — Harris-
burg. He depended upon the menace to Washington and
northern cities to lead to the sending of the Army of the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 139
Potomac after him. His movements were veiled and one
corps was left interposed between the Army of the Potomac
and Richmond until his van was far on the way. By
June 8th Longstreet's and Ewell's corps had joined
Stuai-t's cavalry at Culpepcr. June 8th Lee sent Jen-
kins' brigade as Ewell's advance into Shenandoah Valley.
Monticello and Rocky Gap, Ky., June 9th. S. P.
Carter, Tennessee, defeated Pegram's forces.
Cavalry Combat at Brandy Station, Beverley Ford, Va.,
June 9th. Pleasanton had been sent against Stuart's
cavalry and to obtain information. Pleasanton attacked
Stuart. .Tohn Buford, Kentucky, gained ground. He
was conspicuous. B. F. Davis, Alabama, was killed.
The Federals were worsted.
Ewell marched via Winchester, Martinsburg and Wil-
liamsport. Longstreet moved along the eastern slope of
the Blue Ridge.
Battle of Winchester, Va., June 13th-15th. The in-
ferior Federal force made a stand against Ewell, and lost
out, most of the men being captured.
In June, 1863, the Illinois General Assembly was for
peace, and its governor, Richard Yates, Kentucky, pro-
rogued it and conducted the War operations of Illinois un-
til the following year. Ammen, Virginia, was in com-
mand of the District of Illinois.
After the Ai-my of the Potomac fell back, A. P. Hill
left Fredericksburg and followed Ewell, but crossed the
Potomac at Shepherdstown. After Hill had passed Long-
street's rear, Longstreet crossed the Blue Ridge and
Shenandoah and crossed the Potomac at Williamsport.
Pleasanton commanded the cavalry that followed Lee's
army into Maryland. Lee had sent Imboden toward Cum-
berland to destroy the railroad and canal from there to
Martinsburg.
June 14th, Jenkins and Rodes, Confederates, drove out
the Martinsburg garrison.
Battle of Port Hudson, June 14th. The Federal army
140 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
assaulted unsuccessfully. Farragut participated from the
river.
Richard Taylor, Confederate, appeared on the west
bank of the Mississippi River near New Orleans, creating
alarm for the safety of the city. Emory, Maryland, was
there and took the proper measures of defense.
Ewell crossed the Potomac June 15th.
Action at Aldie, Va., June 17th. The fight was be-
tween a part of Pleasanton's cavalry and Stuart's. The
Federals remained in possession of the field. A. Pleas-
anton, John Buford, Kentucky, and John C. Tidball, Vir-
ginia, were engaged.
Democratic Mass Convention, 40,000 delegates, was
held at Springfield, 111., June 17th.
The Indiana Legislature was broken up by Republi-
cans in 1863 to prevent the passage of the " military
biU."
June 17th John Rodgers, Maryland, with the Wee-
hawJcen, engaged the heavier iron-clad Atlanta in Wassaw
Sound, Ga. The Atlanta went aground, and was so in-
jured that she surrendered. Her damages were readily re-
paired. Rodgers, bravely confident of the monitors, was
eminent in the demonstration of their qualities of re-
sistance.
E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, was in command of the 13th
corps from June 18th to October 28th, 1863. He was en-
gaged in the siege of Vicksburg from June 18th to July
4th.
Action of Middleburg, Va., June 19th. A. Pleasanton
and John Buford were engaged.
Fleet attacks on Vicksburg, June 19th— July 4th.
Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, during the
siege, on a floating battery, enfiladed Confederate batter-
ies and sustained a heavy fire on the Federal right.
The State of West Virginia came into being June 20th,
1863. That day the officers met at W^heeling and or-
ganized the new State. The Federal Virginia Executive
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS Ul
removed the archives of Federal Virginia to Alexan-
dria, Va.
J. B. Wlieeler, North Carolina, was Chief Engineer,
Department of the Susquehanna, June 20th to September
18th, 1863.
Cavalry Action of Upperville, Va., June 21st. A.
Pleasanton, John Buford and Tidball were engaged.
Tullahoma, Tenn., Campaign. The movement was a
concentration on the Confederate right, covered by a feint
upon the left.
Upon Lee's entrance, A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Gov-
ernor of Maryland, called for 10,000 volunteers. A num-
ber of troops for defense were gained thereby.
Action at Hoover's Gap, Tenn., Tullahoma Campaign,
June 24th. The brigade of mounted infantry of the di-
vision of J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, attacked the Confed-
erates at Hoover's Gap. It drove them back to the south-
em entrance, where they held possession until Thomas
came up with infantry, Reynolds, with two other brigades,
and J. M. Brannan, with three coming up, when the Con-
federates gave up possession of the defile. T. L. Critten-
den, Kentucky, participated.
Action of Liberty Gap, Tenn., Tullahoma Campaign,
June 24th and 25th. On the 24th R. W. Johnson, Ken-
tucky, seized the Gap, having a shai^p skirmish with a
part of Cleburne's division. The Confederates attacked
Johnson's division on the 25th. They first attacked his
center, then attempted to gain the hills so as to command
Johnson's flanks, but failed, withdrawing late in the even-
ing. Their loss was over 400.
Stuart reached the rear of the Army of the Po-
tomac June 25th forenoon. It was moving toward the
Potomac and occupying all roads. Stuart crossed the
Potomac two days after the Army of the Potomac, whose
rear-guard crossed June 26th.
Action of Garrison Creek, June 26th. Thomas ad-
vanced toward Fairfield and met the Confederates in force
142 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
on the heights north of Garrison Creek. He drove them
steadily, Rousseau and Brannan operating upon the left
flank and J. J. Reynolds against the front and left. The
Confederates assumed a new position, and attempted from
the hills to enfilade Thomas' line, but were expelled. He
pushed them to within five miles of Manchester, T. L.
Crittenden following. Thomas had gained so much
ground toward Manchester that it was practicable to con-
centrate the whole army there, and force Bragg to aban-
don his position or give battle outside his works. He
seized Manchester June 27th.
Combat of Donaldsonville, La., Fort Butler, June 27th.
W. H. Emory, Maryland, with troops, and the vessels in
the river, together resisted the Confederate attack on
Fort Butler. Some Confederates got into the Fort. One
of Farragut's vessels was present and fought hard. The
Winona, commanded by A. W. Weaver, District of Co-
lumbia, arrived during the engagement and continued in
it until the end, rendering effectual service. The Con-
federates retired.
W. H. French, IMaryland, was in command of the Har-
per's Ferry district, June 27th to 80th. Ewell reached
Carlisle, Pa., and Longstreet reached Chambersburg, Pa.,
June 27th.
Early, Confederate, entered York, Pa., June 28th.
Stuart captured a wagon train of the Army of the Po-
tomac at Rockville, a few miles northwest of Washington,
that day.
Early June 28th Thomas sent a brigade to break the
railroad south of Decherd. That day he threw troops
toward Tullahoma. Thus was the movement to force
Bragg back from Tullahoma begun. Bragg's communi-
cations were inteiTupted at Decherd and he retired from
Tullahoma the 29th. T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was em-
ployed in the advance on Tullahoma. The turning move-
ment had succeeded, Bragg having withdrawn entirely
from this line.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 143
Heth, Confederate, reached Cashtown, Pa., June 29tli.
Early on the morning of June 30th, Thomas learned
that Bragg had evacuated the position at Tullahoma.
Pursuit began. Rousseau and another of Thomas' divi-
sions overtook the Confederate rear-guard at Bethpage
bridge and skirmished. Bragg had crossed the Cumber-
land Mountains and middle Tennessee was secured.
Cavalry action of Hanover, Pa., June 30th. Stuart
attacked Federal cavalry, but failed to rout them. He
went on that night to York.
Battles of Gettysburg, Pa., June 30th to July 3d,
1863. Heth sent Pettigrew's brigade to Gettysburg June
30th to procure shoes. John Buford, Kentucky, com-
manding one of the three cavalry divisions at the battles of
Gettysburg, entered Gettysburg that afternoon, under in-
structions from Pleasanton, District of Columbia, and
Pettigrew withdrew on his approach. Pleasanton was in
chief command of all the cavalry with the army. Im-
pressed by the importance of the position, Buford, ex-
pecting the early return of the Confederates in force,
placed one brigade to the north and his other to the west
of Gettysburg.
Martial law was proclaimed in Baltimore June 30th.
In the operations of the South Atlantic Blockading
Squadron, January to July, 1863, G. B. Balch, Tennes-
see, commanded the Pawnee; C. Steedman, South Caro-
lina, commanded the Paul Jones and Powhatan;
Wm. Gibson, Maryland, Seneca; A. Pendergrast, Ken-
tucky, Water Witch; J. M. Frailey, Maryland, Quaker
City; T. H. Patterson, Louisiana, James Adger;
J. H. Upshur, Virginia, Flambeau; P. Drayton, South
Carolina, Passaic; D. McN. Fairfax, Virginia, Montauk
and Nantucket; John Rodgers, Maryland, Weehawken, and
T. Turner, District of Columbia, New Ironsides.
Thomas occupied Tullahoma July 1st. Bragg fell
back to Bridgeport, Ala., on the north bank of the Ten-
nessee River below Chattanooga.
144 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Getty was in command of an expedition from White
House to the South Anna bridges, July 1st— 8th.
Stuart shelled Carlisle, Pa., July 1st.
Robertson's Confederate cavalry command crossed the
Potomac at Williamsport July 1st. During the Gettys-
burg campaign Imboden, Confederate, commanding cav-
alry, proceeded north in concert some distance west of
Lee's regular army. He destroyed railroad bridges, and
cut the Chesapeake & Ohio canal below Cumberland,
Md., wherever he could.
Battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863. This was a
chance battle. Neither army was concentrated. Troops
of each were hurried to the field during the 1st and 2d.
Part of Lee's army was west of Gettysburg; part north,
and part east. The Army of the Potomac was spread
out to the south of Gettysburg. Seminary Ridge is west
of Gettysburg and McPherson's Ridge is west of that,
both running north and south. John Buford took posi-
tion on McPherson's Ridge. A. P. Hill, wishing to dis-
cover what was in his front, advanced from the west by
day. Buford met and resisted the advance, and sustained
the fight, using his horse artillery, until infantry of the
1st corps arrived. Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, opened
the infantry fight. The Federal infantry were forced
back to Seminary Ridge. Archer, Confederate, took po-
sition in McPherson's wood. At a critical juncture, Mer-
edith, commanding the " Iron Brigade," swung it around,
moved through a wood and outflanked and turned Archer's
right, capturing him and a portion of his brigade, pur-
suing the remainder across Willoughby Run. The other
Confederate brigade was driven back north of this by
other troops. The Federals reestablished the line on Mc-
Pherson's Ridge as a result of Meredith's success, Mere-
dith holding McPherson's wood. The command of the
1st corps devolved on John Newton, Virginia. About
12:30 p. M. Buford reported that Confederates were mass-
ing between the York and Harrisburg roads, three or four
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 145
miles nortli of Gettysburg. He confirmed the informa-
tion, the 11th corps was at hand, having reached the
scene a little past noon, and dispositions were made to
meet the Confederates. By one o'clock Buford had re-
ported Ewell's approach from the north by the Heidlers-
burg road, and the 3d and 12th corps were called up.
They were informed at 2 p. m. of the conditions. Ewell
ordered Oak Hill, north of McPherson's Ridge, occupied
by an artillery battalion, which opened on both Federal
corps, enfilading the line, causing the Avithdrawal of part
of the Federal hne to Seminary Ridge. The brigade of
Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, at the north part of the Fed-
eral line on Seminary Ridge, facing west, was attacked
from the north by Iverson. With the aid of another
brigade Iverson was defeated. The latter lost 500 killed
and wounded and three regiments captured. Paul was
shot and lost both eyes. The Confederates attacked the
north part of the Federal positions on McPherson's Ridge
and Seminary Ridge. The 11th corps, unconnected, was
facing north, in position east of Seminary Ridge. Early,
coming from the east, advanced on its right flank and
rear, forcing it back to its original position, thence to
Cemetery hill, south of Gettysburg, uncovering the right
flank and rear of Newton's corps, making its right un-
tenable. The general Confederate advance was about 3
p. M. Newton was heavily engaged along his whole line.
His left was outflanked. IVIeredith repeatedly repulsed
assaults of the Confederates, but, as the retirement of
other troops uncovered his left, he fell back to successive
positions, from which he inflicted heavy losses. He was
severely wounded this day. Some of his men manned a
battery at Seminary Ridge. Buford had thrown half a
brigade of cavalry south of the Fairfield road. After
3 :20 Buford was asked to support the center, near the
right of the 1st corps, as well as he could with cavalry.
About 4 p. M. the whole Confederate line advanced to final
attack against the Federals on Seminary Ridge. Newton
146 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
withdrew under orders. On the right Buford's men held
Lane's brigade in check for some time. The battery
manned partly by Meredith's men raked Scales' brigade,
causing confusion. The Federal right was uncovered and
these troops fell back fighting to Cemetery hill. Buford
assembled his command on the plain west of Cemetery hill,
covering the left flank, making a show of force opposite
the Confederate right against the peril of pursuit. The
Federal right was established on Culp's hill. The 11th
corps had been struck north of Gettysburg in front and
on both flanks almost simultaneously. Buford's moving
out and fonning for the charge delayed the Confederates
to fonii squares in echelon, and aided Newton's escape.
Buford rendered material assistance in the forming of
the lines on Cemetery hill. Only one small brigade and
batteries were on Cemetery hill when the rout came. Late
in the day, one of Newton's divisions occupied Culp's hill.
Buford rendered signal semace in his valorous and strenu-
ous eff'orts this day. Newton well filled a grave responsi-
bility. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was wounded while
carrying the flag of a regiment after four color-bearers
had been killed and three wounded. He was a prisoner
from July 1st to 4th. Escaping, he rejoined his com-
mand. Paul was brave and useful.
Battle of Gettysburg, July 2d. Cemetery Ridge extends
north almost to Gettysburg, then curves around to the
east like a fish-hook, with Culp's hill near the eastern end.
The straight part is considerably longer than the curve,
but the center is within supporting distance of the south
end of the curve. Round Top is at the south end of the
straight part with Little Round Top fonning the part of
the ridge just north of it. The Emmitsburg road runs
southwest from Gettysburg, between the parallel ridges, —
Cemetery and Seminary — about a mile apart. Stuart left
Carlisle for Gettysburg the 2d. The Federal line was
formed from Culp's hill around the curve and southwardh',
branching off^ to the Emmitsburg road, with an angle at
FIGHTIxXG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 147
the Peach Orchard, troops extending from there back to
the ridge near Little Round Top. Longstreet's troops
marched concealed to strike between the Peach Orchard
and Little Round Top. D. B. Bimey, Alabama, disclosed
by reconnoissance the presence of Confederates flanking
the left. His division was posted from the Devil's Den
(a rough mass of bowlders just west of the Round Tops)
to the Peach Orchard and along the Emmitsburg road.
It was well in the afternoon when Longstreet struck. Bir-
ney repulsed the first attacks. Toward six the angle at
the Peach Orchard was broken in. A Maryland brigade
advanced to the rescue of the 3d corps, some of the troops
reaching as far as the Loop and Peach Orchard. One of
Birney's brigades got in the interval between two Con-
federate regiments about the wheatfield, forcing the flanks
back. Birney took command of the 3d corps a little after
six, and handled it ably. A part of Newton's corps was
brought up to the aid of the left.
The Federals reached the summit of Little Round Top
while the Confederates were climbing It, and held it after
a hand-to-hand struggle. The command of a brigade
there devolved on Kenner Garrard, Kentucky.
The Maryland brigade held a position near the Trostle
building of service to Federal troops which were falling
back. Wriglit broke the Federal line on Cemetery Ridge
near the center, but, not being supported, was expelled.
That part of the Federal line west of Cemetery Ridge
having been forced back, the Federal line was restricted
to Cemetery Ridge.
The brigade of S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, ar-
rived just in time to save East Cemetery Hill (near Get-
tysburg) when Early carried it. This was a notable
achievement.
At Culp's hill, the right flank was turned by the Con-
federates, who were stopped by two regiments of Newton's
corps placed in echelon. These attacks were after Long-
street's.
148 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
At the close of the day Confederates held the Devil's
Den and the ridge to its left, and the right extending well
up on the northwest slope of Round Top. They held a
part of Gulp's hill.
Battle of Gettysburg, July 3d. Fighting at Gulp's hill
began at dawn. The Federals drove the Confederates out
of the Federal intrenchments there, and resisted a front
attack. The Confederates made one or two attempts to
regain possession. The Maryland brigade and Chas.
Candy were on this part of the line. A demonstration to
turn Confederate Ed. Johnson's left on this part of the
field caused him to withdraw to Rock Creek.
Confederate Robertson's cavalry following Lee's army
reached Gashtown about 10 a. m. A. Pleasanton moved
from Emmitsburg July 3d directly toward the baggage
and ammunition trains of Lee and was met at Fairfield by
Robertson.
About 11 A. M some of A. P. Hill's skirmishers and
Federals began fighting over a barn and his artillery be-
came involved. Imboden arrived on the field at noon.
The great cannonade began about 1 p. m. Pickett's
charge started at 1 :40 p. m. John Newton, Virginia, was
in charge of that part of the ridge to the south of the
position against which, mainly, Pickett was directed. He
stood behind batteries during the artillery duel which
opened a destructive oblique fire when Pickett charged.
The Confederates drifted further away. The Confed-
erate right split passing a farm building, and the two
bodies diverged as they advanced. A brigade of Newton's
corps pressed forward into the gap between the Confed-
erate advancing lines. Alexander's artillery opened fire
on it. Part of the men were faced north and part south,
thus firing upon the flanks of both Confederate bodies
advancing. The advance of the two regiments of this
brigade, with the fire of the batteries around Newton,
helped cause the supporting forces of Wilcox, Wright and
Perry to fall back. D. B. Birney's corps was behind New-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 149
ton's. The command of the division against which Pickett
struck devolved on Wm. Harrow, Kentucky. His own
brigade had been behind the front line, but joined the
line in the fight. The Confederates had taken a piece of
the line immediately north of it. The brigade charged
from the soutli into the clump of trees, then held by the
Confederates. The grove was jammed with Pickett's men.
It extended from a short distance below to near the crest
of the ridge. Pickett emerged from the woods at 3 p. m.
It was the lot of Harrow to repulse Pickett, which mo-
mentous feat he performed. Two companies in his divi-
sion were thrown behind a cross wall to the north of the
break in the line, and Pickett's left flank felt the fire from
that direction. As Pickett was falling back, the Confed-
erates repulsed cavalry from the southern part of the field,
who galloped up between the lines of the two aninies.
Meantime, Stuart had gone around the Federal right
flank to strike the Federal right and rear. About 2 p. m.
John B. Mcintosh, Florida, who understood Stuart's tac-
tics and had discerned his position, moved dismounted cav-
alry forward in the direction of Rummel's house. The
Confederates met them. Other cavalry of his moved up.
He sent for reenforcements. He drove back the Confed-
erates, occupying their position about the Rummel house.
When the full Confederate line charged, ]\IcIntosh had his
left charge, rallying headquarters' staffs, buglers and or-
derlies, and gathering up other men for the charge, and
struck the Confederate right flank. The flank attacks told
on the Confederates. Mcintosh and others in the front
then got the advantage and the Confederates fell back to
their starting-point. Mcintosh established an advanced
skirmish line. Mcintosh's service was brave and valuable.
Stuart had the main body of Confederate cavalry and his
purpose failed. At nightfall both sides held substantially
their original position.
Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the 2d corps, July
3d to September 13th.
150 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Passage of Elk River July 3d, by Thomas. J. M.
Brannan, District of Columbia, and Eli Long, Kentucky,
were engaged. Bragg fell back to Bridgeport. Later he
crossed the Tennessee River not far from Chattanooga.
Chattanooga was an important strategic point. The rail-
road running via Chattanooga northeast afforded the most
direct and convenient means of communication between
Richmond and Mississippi, while from Cleveland, Tenn.,
a few miles east of Chattanooga, a line of railroad ran to
the southeastern coast. From it Virginia could be ap-
proached from the rear, and it was a base for operations in
the South Atlantic and Gulf States.
Terms of surrender of VIcksburg were agreed upon July
3d. On the 4th 31,600 men were disarmed and paroled.
172 cannon were taken. In the operations against VIcks-
burg McClemand and then Ord commanded the 13th coi'ps.
Among those engaged were: of the army, F. P. Blair,
Kentucky, and J. G. Lauman, IMar^dand, commanding
divisions ; M. F. Force, District of Columbia ; John D.
Stevenson, Mrginia ; T. T. Garrard, Kentucky ; Bernard
G. Farrar, Missouri ; W. W. Orme, District of Columbia ;
Wm, Vandever, Maryland ; D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky ; S.
G. Burbridge, Kentucky ; W. J. Landram, Kentucky ; W.
P. Benton, ^Maryland ; David Shunk, jNIaryland ; Jos. R.
Cockerill, Virginia; N. B. Buford, Kentucky and Jas. A.
Williamson, Kentucky ; of the navy, Henry H. Bell, North
Carolina, and A. M. Pennock, Virginia, fleet captains ; W.
D. Porter, Louisiana, commanding the Essex; Chas. R.
Ellet, District of Columbia, commanding the Switzerland ;
Jas. P. Foster, Kentucky, commanding the Lafayette;
John Guest, Missouri, and F. ]\I. Ramsay, District of
Columbia. Foster performed valuable service. William-
son showed good conduct.
Gettysburg, July 4th. Lee, having concentrated on
Seminary Ridge, stood In line there all day, but was not
assaulted and did not attack again. He was sending back
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS ir/i
wounded and prisoners preparatory to a return to Vir-
ginia.
French guarded lines of communication and threatened
those of Lee, July lst-4<th.
At the battle of Gettysburg Meredith's loss was 1,153.
Newton, in addition to the 1st corps, commanded the 3d
division of the 6th corps.
Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the 2d corps when the
battle ended. Birney commanded the 3d corps from the
evening of the 2d. A. Pleasanton commanded the cavalry
corps. D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, performed brave
and useful service. He was wounded. He, John C. Tid-
ball, Virginia, and C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded
artillery brigades. Wm. M. Graham, District of Colum-
bia, S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, and Chas. Candy,
Kentucky, were engaged.
Battle of Helena, Ark., July 4th. B. M. Prentiss, Vir-
ginia, commanded the Federals. The Confederates carried
the position in the center, but were repulsed with consid-
erable loss, the gunboat Tyler saving the army force.
Many of Prentiss' regiments were southern. The Con-
federates were under Holmes and Price.
Franklin Pierce addressed a Democratic mass-meeting
at Concord, N. H., July 4th, alluding to Vallandigham as
a martyr of free speech.
Morgan, Confederate, having crossed the Cumberland
River at Burksville, Ky., with about 2,500 men, reached
Tebb's Bend, Green River, Jul}^ 4th, and attacked a Fed-
eral regiment there. J. M. Shackelford and E. H. Hob-
son, both of Kentucky, pursued him.
French, Maryland, destroj^ed Lee's pontoon bridge at
Falling Waters July 5th, sending a raiding party from
Frederick. This delayed Lee's crossing of the Potomac.
Hagerstown and Williamsport, Md., Jul}^ 6th. John
Buford, Kentucky, was engaged in an attack on Imboden
at Williamsport. Imboden was carrying the wounded and
prisoners to Virginia.
152 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Wm. H. French, INIaryland, was in command of the 3d
corps from July 7th, 1863. He joined in the march
against Lee after Gettysburg, being engaged in several
sharp actions.
Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, was engaged in blockade
duty off Wilmington July 7th, 1863.
IMorgan crossed the Ohio River at Brandenburg July
7th. He dashed across the southern parts of Indiana and
Ohio, pursued by J. M. Shackelford, E. H. Hobson, R.
T. Jacob and Wm. P. Sanders — all of Kentucky, with
Kentucky troops. H. M. Judah, Maryland, went with the
" tin-clads " up the Ohio River, to head him off and keep
him from recrossing.
Port Hudson surrendered July 9th. 6,340 men, 20
heavy guns, and 31 field-pieces were taken. Farragut co-
operated in the investment and capture. Henry H. Bell,
North Carolina, assisted. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was in
chief command of the naval forces below.
Advance upon Jackson, Miss., from Vicksburg, July
9th to 16th.
Martial law was proclaimed in Louisville July 10th.
Operations against Charleston Harbor — Fort Wagner,
Morris Island ; James Island and Folly Island, July 10th-
18th. The Federal fleet, with troops, attacked and secured
a lodgment on the south end of ]Morris Island July 10th,
and prepared to attack Fort Wagner. Troops landed and
occupied three-fourths of the Island. Along with this,
naval officer G. B. Balch, Tennessee, landed troops on
Folly Island at night, and a force was sent to James Island.
July 11th an unsuccessful assault was made on Fort
Wagner. Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, and J. R.
Hawley, North Carolina, were engaged. The MontauJc,
Fairfax, Virginia, commanding, and other vessels partici-
pated.
John Love, Virginia, commanded a force in pursuit
through Indiana of ]\Iorgan, and in an action with him
at Mt. Vernon, Ind., July 11th.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 153
Combat of Jackson, Miss. Ord's corps was engaged.
In the assault troops of the division of J. G. Lauinan,
Maryland, were pushed close to the Confederate works,
were struck in flank and suffered great loss. The Federals
were repulsed.
Martial law was proclaimed in Cincinnati July 12th.
Draft revolts, July 13th to 16th. Public opposition
was manifested in advance of the time for the enforcement
of the draft to begin — July, 1863. The draft in New
York City began July 13th. The absence of militia due
to Lee's invasion was availed of and citizens of New York
resisted by force, cutting telegraph wires, burning build-
ings, beating and killing negroes. Quickly the city was
at their mercy. A thousand persons were killed and
wounded, over fifty buildings were destroyed, and many
were plundered. They w'ere fought for three days and
nights.
Bombardment of Charleston Harbor, July 13th. Fair-
fax, Virginia, participated.
Donaldsonville, La., July 13th. Aaron W. Weaver,
District of Columbia, was in engagement with Confederate
batteries below Donaldsonville after the fall of Port Hud-
son.
T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was wounded passing batteries
twelve miles below Donaldsonville in 1863.
Lee recrossed the Potomac the night of July 13th,
E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, in command of the City and
Harbor of New York, was engaged in suppressing the
draft revolts from July 14th. His courage, skill and
judgment did much to that end. He remained in command
till November 15th. There were draft revolts in Boston
July 14th and 15th, and in Brooklyn, Jersey City, Staten
Island and other places July 15th.
The Federals landed in force on Morris Island July
15th.
Combat of James Island, Fort Grimball, Stono River,
July 16th. Balch, Tennessee, was senior officer in the
154 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Stono River. His vessel, the Pfncnee, helped in making
a landing on James Island. The Parvnee and Marhlehead,
G. H. Scott, Virginia, commanding, were attacked by bat-
teries, the Confederates making a simultaneous attack on
the land force. The Pawnee had chain cables up and
down her sides. Balch, in repulsing it, is credited with
having saved the troops from the land attack. The Fed-
erals were expelled from James Island.
J. E. Johnston evacuated Jackson, Miss., the second
time July 16th. Ord and Blair were engaged in the oper-
ations against relieving forces and occupation of Jackson.
The Federals having gained the entire Mississippi River,
the first merchant steamer from St. Louis reached New
Orleans July 16th.
Battle of Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18th. The fleet
bombarded and the troops marched up IMorris Island and
attacked the Fort unsuccessfully, losing heavily. J. R.
Hawley, North Carolina, was engaged. W. M. Gibson,
INIaryland, commanded the Seneca. After this. Fort Wag-
ner was besieged till September 6th.
Wm. H. French, Maryland, was engaged in the action
of Manassas Gap, Va., July 23d.
Buffington Island, near Salineville, July 26th. The
head of Hobson's column, under Shackelford, struck Mor-
gan's rear, Judah his flank, and two vessels opened on
his front. Most of Morgan's force, about 1,200, were
captured. R. T. Jacob, Kentucky, was engaged. Mor-
gan surrendered to Shackelford, Kentucky, at New Lisbon,
the same day. Kentucky troops had followed him across
the Ohio, into Indiana and Ohio, and mainly surrounded
and captured him.
Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, met the raid of Scott
started July 28th. He defeated Scott at Lancaster, cap-
turing 200. Later, 500 more prisoners were taken.
Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, cut out the Steamer
Kate from under batteries at New Inlet, near Fort Fisher
July 31st.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDI:RALS 155
EII Long, Kentucky, and others reached Huntsville,
Ala., in July, capturing prisoners and supplies.
Ord was with the Army of Western Louisiana, August
to October, 1863.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged on defenses of
Washington, August, 1863, to March, 1864.
J. ]M. Shackelford, Kentucky, led cavalry from Camp
Nelson, Ky., to Kingston, Tenn., in August, 1863.
Little Rock Expedition, August 1st to September 14th,
1863. J. W. Davidson, Virginia, commanded cavalry di-
vision. His 6,000 troops had been taught as dragoons.
He moved south from Missouri by Crowlej^'s Ridge in
eastern Arkansas. A junction of other troops with his
was effected at White River.
Cavalry Actions of Kelly's Ford, Rappahannock,
Brandy and Culpeper Stations, Va., August 1st— 4th,
1863. John Buford, Kentucky, was engaged,
August 4th fleet reconnoissance up the James River
started. It was severely handled.
The Army moved from Duvall's Bluff upon Little Rock
August 18th, Davidson commanding the cavalry.
Federals shelled Chattanooga August 21st.
Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, participated in an at-
tack upon and capture of a flying battery a few miles
above Fort Fisher August 23d.
August 25th many regiments were in the squares of
New York City to enforce the draft.
Patterson destro^^ed the Clipper Hehb August 26th.
Action of Rocky Gap or White Sulphur Springs, August
26th-27th. J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was en-
gaged.
Campaigns of Knoxville and Chickamauga. The Army
of the Cumberland started from Winchester, Tenn., for
Chattanooga. Another army started from Lexington,
Ky., for Knoxville the same day.
Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, commanding a cavalry divi-
sion, had the advance in the occupation of east Tennessee
156 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ill August and September, 1863. L. D. Watkins, Florida,
was engaged with liini. Carter defeated Morgan's forces
near Emory August 28th, and Smith's forces at London
August 29th.
The Army of the Cumberland began crossing the Ten-
nessee River August 29th. Thomas' corps and the 20th
corps crossed thirty miles below Chattanooga. They
moved against Bragg's communications southward, to force
the evacuation of Chattanooga. The passes through
which the Army crossed Lookout Range were two, twenty-
six and forty-two miles south of Chattanooga, taken re-
spectively by Crittenden's, Thomas' and the 20th corps.
The indication was that Bragg was falling back upon
Rome to save his communications.
Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, made a successful
raid in the White River in August, 1863. With the Lex-
ington, Cricket and Marmora he went up the White. He
sent the Cricket up the Little Red River and proceeded
to Augusta.
Knoxville was occupied September 2d. There were
nine Kentucky regiments and some Tennessee regiments in
this army.
Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg, Charleston Harbor,
were evacuated by the Confederates the night of September
6th, 1863. A. R. McNair, Louisiana, of the navy, and
Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, of the army, were among
those engaged in the operations against them.
September 7th, 1863, Justice Campbell, a southerner
who had resigned from the Supreme Court of the United
States at the outbreak of the War, wrote : " The condition
of things in the mountain districts of North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama menaces the ex-
istence of the Confederacy as fatally as either of the
armies of the United States."
Capture of Cumberland Gap, September 9th. J. M.
Shackelford, Kentucky, received the surrender of the force
of 2,000 under Frazier, and 14 guns.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 157
Lee relinquished Longstreet and his two divisions, or-
ders of September 9th, to swell Bragg's army in the
Chickamauga campaign.
Occupation of Chattanooga, September 9th. T. L.
Crittenden, Kentucky, took possession with troops of
Wood's division.
Crittenden was ordered September 10th to seek the Con-
federates in the direction of Ringgold. A negro that
evening infonned T. J. Wood, Kentucky, of the position
of Bragg's army about Lafayette. Wood reported the
information to headquarters at Chattanooga. A brigade
was ordered to reconnoiter toward Lafayette, which met
an opposing force and forced it back across the Chicka-
mauga River at Lee & Gordon's mills. T. L. Crittenden
was ordered to the mills and Thomas to Lafayette.
Thomas met a resistance that convinced him he was in
the presence of the Confederate army. Crittenden's re-
connoissance south of the mills sustained Thomas' opin-
ion. Thomas' troops were withdrawn from a dangerous
position, Bragg having concentrated to strike them.
Thomas took the responsibility of ordering that the 20th
corps, fifty miles distant on the way to Rome, close up
with him.
J. W. Davidson, Virginia, effected a crossing of the
Arkansas River September 10th, despite efforts of men
left on the south side. He fought a sharp action at
Bayou Fourches, five miles out from Little Rock, for two
hours, batteries on the north bank aiding him. The Con-
federates fell back to Little Rock. Price brought over
his main force from north of the river on account of
Davidson's turning his position, and then evacuated Little
Rock. About 1,000 prisoners were captured in this expe-
dition. Davidson showed courage and skill. T. H. Ben-
ton, Tennessee, and Jas. ]\[. True, Kentucky, were engaged.
Bragg moved against Crittenden about the 11th. His
combinations failed of execution. September 12th the
Army of the Cumberland was concentrating to fight at
158 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Lafayette. That day, S. A. Hurlbut, in coimnand of
Memphis, forwarded report that J. E. Johnston was re-
enforcing Bragg at Chattanooga, saying he thought the
report true.
September 13th, 1863, Crittenden made dispositions for
defense. He sent a force to reconnoiter toward Lafayette,
which met Confederates near Lee & Gordon's mills, and
drove them three miles. This aggressive movement dis-
concerted Polk, and, instead of obeying repeated orders
to attack he called for reenforcements. Polk had received
three distinct orders to attack at daylight. The 20th
corps withdrew that day and moved to join Thomas.
From September 13th to 17th Thomas advanced his corps
slightly day by day.
Action and capture of Culpeper C. H., Va., September
13th. A. Pleasanton and Henry A. Morrow, Virginia,
were engaged in this creditable affair.
On September 17th the three coi*ps of the Army of
the Cumberland were in supporting distance of one an-
other. Thomas closed up on Crittenden.
J. B. Wheeler, North Carolina, was Chief Engineer of
the Army of Arkansas, September 18th, 1863 to the end
of the War.
CHAPTER VI
Chickamauga — Chattanooga — Mine Run — Tunnel
Hill — Red River Campaign — Wilderness.
Battle of Chickamauga. North of Lee & Gordon's
mills is Alexander's bridge over the Chickamauga Creek,
and north of that is Reed's bridge. September 18th the
Confederates fought at Alexander's bridge, were repulsed
by one of Reynolds' brigades and crossed at a ford below.
That afternoon they forced the crossing of Reed's bridge.
During the night a great part of the Confederate army
crossed to the west side of the Chickamauga. Crittenden
formed the left wing on the 18th, and Bragg aimed to
turn his left flank, occupy the Lafayette road running
north and south and cut the Army off from Chattanooga.
Thomas, however, also moved from the center past Crit-
tenden, and thus, unknown to the Confederates, held the
left, prolonging the Federal position considerably to the
north of Crittenden, while the presence of a great part
of the Confederate army west of the Chickamauga was
unknown to the Federals. The 20th coi^s remained the
Federal right wing.
Battle of Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, 1863.
Bragg commenced early the 19th trying to turn the Fed-
eral left and gain the road into Chattanooga, hoping to
throw his army between the Federal Army and Chatta-
nooga without discovery. Thomas directed J. M. Bran-
nan, District of Columbia, with two brigades, to recon-
noiter toward Reed's bridge, which the Federals had
burnt the evening before, and capture, if possible, a force
which had crossed before the bridge had been burnt, the
Confederate forces extending far beyond not being visible.
Brannan's reconnoissance developed the Confederates and
159
160 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
brought on the battle, disturbing Bragg's combinations,
and preventing the blow from being sudden. Thomas was
in chief command on the field this day. The center had
not connected with him. T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky,
directed J. M. Palmer, Kentucky, to reconnoiter the road
north. The noise of battle was heard ere it could return.
Brannan posted the brigade of J. T. Croxton, Kentucky,
to the left, and with two more moved forward. Croxton
also advanced and encountered three brigades of cavalry
under Forrest, which were covering Bragg's right flank.
Forrest called up infantry. Thomas rode foi-ward to see
what was happening, and found Croxton heavily engaged,
but holding his ground, and ordered up supports. Bran-
nan also sent reenforcement to Croxton's left. The Fed-
erals were beaten back. Bragg was surprised to find such
a force on the Federal left. He supposed Brannan was
trying to turn his right flank and suspended dispositions.
There was then a chasm between Thomas and Crittenden.
Thomas obtained from Crittenden support in the shape
of Palmer's division. Croxton drove the Confederates
about a half mile. The Federals there advanced and
pressed the Confederates back. R. W. Johnson, Ken-
tucky, had hurried from Crawfish Springs arriving almost
simultaneously with Palmer, and just in time to prevent
the rout of the Federal left. Cheatham advanced to the
support of the Confederate forces, but was hurled back
by an attacking column which Thomas had organized, the
reenforcements overlapping the Confederates. Palmer,
with Johnson on the left, moved forward, and, after an
hour's fighting, forced Cheatham back a mile and a half,
Johnson capturing seven guns with a large number of
prisoners. Reynolds arriving soon after Johnson, formed
to the right here. Crittenden moved troops to fill a gap
yet remaining between him and Thomas. Early in the
day the Confederates unsuccessfully attempted to cross
the Chickamauga near Lee & Gordon's mills.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 161
During a lull, Thomas, to strengthen his left, retired
Brannan*s and another division to a commanding position
on the road to Reed's bridge. The Confederates struck
Thomas further down tlie line than the first attack and
took ten guns. The broken troops were reenforced. The
reorganized division of Brannan came to their support.
In transferring Brannan's division from the left to the
right of Reynolds, Thomas drove back the Confederates
after his line had been pierced. Brannan made a striking
charge upon the victorious Confederates. Some of the
guns were recaptured. Palmer had sent supports. Five
brigades had been borne back with broken lines, when
Thomas moved Brannan in the exigency from his left to
his disordered right. J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, defeated
the effort to turn Reynolds' right and rear. He reached
there just in time. The timely reenforcement, the quick
reformation of portions of Palmer's and Reynolds' divi-
sions, and the play of artillery, arrested the disaster.
The artillery was especially effective. When the Confed-
erates moved through the chasm they were met by troops
from Crittenden and Brannan's, which wheeled upon them
from near Kelley's house. With Johnson, Reynolds
helped greatly in repulsing the attack. Reynolds, by
able generalship and hard fighting, restored the broken
line in his front. Bragg's whole right had been stopped.
At 3 p. M. Hood attacked the right center. Troops
had been sent to turn the Confederate left and were met
by a large force moving to separate the two wings of the
Federal army. Two brigades were driven from position.
There was then a wide breach in the Federal right center.
The Confederates had captured artillery and seized the
Chattanooga road. Rcenforcements came up. Thos. J.
Wood, Kentucky, moved with two brigades. The efforts
of the Confederates to pass around the right of the troops
to the north of him were defeated. The Confederates
were forced back by Wood and three other fresh divisions.
162 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Wood was valiant and effective. His horse was killed un-
der him.
At 5 p. M. the Confederates renewed the battle against
the left flank, pressing it heavily. Thomas had selected
ground for a new and more compact line. Before John-
son's division and another could be withdrawn to it, they
were attacked by Cleburne's fresh division, supported by
Cheatham's. The left flank was forced back some distance.
After a heavy night conflict of an hour, the Confederates
were stopped. The rapid movement of the whole army
to the left had saved it. The dispositions had prevented
the success of Bragg's strategy and tactics. Late in the
day a Confederate eff*ort at Lee & Gordon's mills was re-
pulsed. The three corps had been mixed. Thomas was
handling one division each from the other two corps.
Crittenden had two divisions posted to support either the
left or the right.
Longstreet reached Ringgold In the evening with several
brigades. During the night he reenforced Bragg. The
next day he commanded the left wing and Polk the right
wing.
Thomas made rude breastworks of logs, found in the
woods, stones and rails along his entire front during the
night, which were of essential service the next day.
Battle of Chickamauga, September 20th. This day the
Federals had both flanks well refused. Thomas com-
manded the six divisions on the left ; there were two at
the right, and Crittenden commanded the two in reserve.
The Confederates outflanked Thomas* left. There was a
heavy fog and Polk did not attack at daylight as ordered.
Thomas desired one of his divisions for his left flank.
Crittenden directed Wood to relieve it, and directed that
two brigades take position in rear of Wood in reserve.
Only one of the brigades sent to Thomas was ready in time
for his left flank. The Confederates attacked heavily and
Thomas' left flank was overlapped, but Thomas placed
troops who checked the onslaught into his flank and rear.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 163
The Confederate attack was broken, Thomas' artillery
being especially effective. Thomas had repeated his re-
quest for reenforcenients. Another of the brigades from
Crittenden came. Thomas withstood heavy frontal as-
saults. Two more brigades on the right were ordered to
Thomas, a third to follow. Crittenden was directed to send
two brigades. All but one of the reserve brigades were
thereby put in motion to the left. Wood moved to pass
behind Brannan and support Reynolds just as Longstreet
attacked. A reserve brigade was thrown toward the wide
vacant space. Longstreet was soon upon them. The last
brigade of Wood's division to leave position was severed
as it retired and Brannan was struck in flank. When
Brannan was struck, he gathered his division on a hill at
right angles to his former position and half a mile in
rear of Reynolds. He took a strong position, but isolated,
a high knoll called Snodgrass hill, on the curving ridge
running east then north, named " Horse Shoe Ridge," to
the right and rear of his former one. The Federal right
wing was routed. After some order had been restored,
that wing retreated on to Chattanooga. Crittenden him-
self was borne back in the rush and went to Chattanooga.
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, coming from the south, met
Longstreet's left with a most eff'ective charge with one
regiment, armed with Spencer repeating rifles. He at-
tacked the Confederates in rear and took 200 prisoners
back south toward Crawfish Spring. One of Reynolds'
brigades with Spencer's also attacked from that quarter.
Longstreet thought a large force had stinick his left flank,
the continuous firing deceiving him. The Confederates
broke and fled. They charged again, and again broke
and fled, when the brigade and Harrison poured a volley
into them. Three more times the Confederates charged
and were hurled back. Harrison's regiment was mounted
infantry. It moved off under orders, and helped guard
the ammunition train to Chattanooga. The rapid move-
ment of Brannan's batteries threw a division into utter
164 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
disorder, and, in this condition, it was involved in the rout
of all the troops on Brannan's right. There was artillery
in the rear. INIany guns fell into the Confederates' hands.
Brannan's right flank, in swinging back under fire, when
the line was broken, was thrown into temporary confusion.
His left was secure, and order was soon restored. He was
able to maintain position until a lull enabled him to gain
the new one. Reynolds' right flank was exposed. He
changed front so as to be at right angles with the line on
his left. There he held firmly to Palmer's right. Wood
moved to fill the gap between Re3molds and Brannan. If
he should be unable to occupy and hold this interval. Long-
street would be in position to pass through, cut off" Bran-
nan, turn and strike Reynolds and then attack the three
divisions which held of the original line on the left. Wood
coolly changed front under fire, so as to face south instead
of east, and caused one of his brigades to charge with fixed
bayonets. The Confederates fell back and Wood gained
time to fill the gap between Reynolds and Brannan par-
tially. All the divisions left on the field were commanded
by southerners except one of Thomas' divisions. Wood
reported to Thomas. Thomas' extreme left had again re-
pulsed attacks simultaneously with an attack upon his
right, which, too, was repulsed. When Longstreet broke
through, Thomas had ridden to his right to hurry up re-
enforcements for the left. The Confederates advanced in
the woods in rear of Reynolds. Thomas had expected
help from that quarter. He had just repulsed Breck en-
ridge's attack on the left. Three brigades had double-
quicked across the Horse Shoe (now the shape of the Fed-
eral line, both flanks having been bent and extended back
to meet Confederates threatening to work around into the
Federal rear) to the Federal new right. They were barely
in time. Stewart and Bate to the right of Longstreet had
taken up his attack. Thomas chose the strong position on
a spur of Missionary Ridge at right angles to his old line
and placed troops. For a time there were but five divisions
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 165
in line against the whole Confederate army. Confederates
were concentrating on both flanks, and made heavy as-
saults. From noon Thomas' line stood the attack. The
approach of hostile columns first revealed to Thomas some-
what of the condition on the right, though he did not learn
the extent of tlie disaster till late in the day. He received
report from one of his staff of being fired upon by troops
in the rear of Reynolds. He gave orders they should be
fired upon if proven hostile. Fighting soon disclosed that
the Federal right had been turned. Thomas directed Wood
to form on the left of Brannan and notified Reynolds that
Confederates were in his rear. The Confederate left wing
then fell upon Wood and Brannan. They resisted furious
onslaughts. They were insulated, and a strong Confed-
erate force passed around Brannan's right flank to his
rear. Thomas took position in the rear of Wood's line.
With no troops between, he now saw the Confederates ad-
vancing in a direction to strike him before he could reach
his troops. At this dire moment, reenforcements from the
north around Ringgold came — Whittaker, Kentucky, and
another brigade. As the Confederates moved down the
northern slope of the ridge toward the rear of Brannan
and Wood, Whittaker's and the other brigade were hurled
at them, drove them over the ridge and fonned on Bran-
nan's right, but lost heavily. These two brigades were the
salvation of the army. They stopped the advance into
Thomas' rear. Of Whittaker's staff officers three were
killed, three wounded, and one killed or captured. Long-
street had flanked the new Federal right. Whittaker had
marched about four miles to the battlefield. To the south
of Thomas' line was a gorge. As Whittaker approached,
the Confederates who had passed the gorge and were form-
ing on the ridge for assault hesitated. Whittaker, when
sent against the Confederates in the gorge and on the ridge,
advanced in two lines at double-quick. When well up the
ridge the men, almost exhausted, were halted for breath.
The Confederates were dislodged. His brigade plunged
166 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
into the gorge through which Hindman's left was pouring.
Thomas' direction of the troops drove the Confederates
over the hills at 3 :35 p. m. Whittaker was wounded, and
four of his five staff officers were killed or mortally
wounded. At 3 p. m. Longstreet had called for reenforce-
ments. They were not given, and Longstreet attacked
again. Twice the Confederates charged and were driven
back from the ridge. In repelling Longstreet's third as-
sault, the 4th Kentucky regiment joined one of Brannan's
brigades and fought with it until night. Wood's and
Brannan's men rushed at the Confederates with the bayonet
and sent them down the slopes. A Kentucky brigade lost
75% of its strength. Longstreet put in his reserve division
— Preston's. Hindman was, however, driven from the hill
above Villetoe's by Whittaker's and the other brigade from
Ringgold, notwithstanding which, Preston was put in, and
Longstreet renewed the attack with his whole force. Long-
street, in heavy force, was repeatedly repulsed. The Fed-
eral position was like a parapet — finely defensive. One
of Palmer's brigades was put in between Wood and Reyn-
olds.
Bragg again attempted to turn Thomas' left and gain
the Rossville road. He partly succeeded. Thomas had
not been reenforced save by one brigade of Wood's di-
vision. Breckenridge, on the Confederate right, took in
reverse the Federal main line near Kelley's. He had no
support ; he advanced boldly, but was overwhelmed by the
reserve brigades of Johnson's, Palmer's and Brannan's di-
visions. He was driven around Thomas' left. Furious
attacks upon Palmer and Johnson failed. None of the
divisions on Thomas' left was engaged again until late in
the afternoon. Two brigades were returned to the Federal
right. About 1 :30 one of Brannan's brigades arrived
from a successful charge on Breckenridge. It was about
1 :30 Snodgrass hill was assaulted. Brannan's right was
overlapped.
After awhile Thomas received orders placing him in
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 167
command of all the forces. He felt that it would ruin the
army to withdraw it at that time, and determined to try to
hold the position till night. He tried to have two of the
routed right-wing divisions which had stopped from their
flight brought up to aid his right, but they were found to
have moved on and only one returned. The 17th Kentucky
regiment reached it.
The Confederate right attacked at 4 p. m. Cleburne car-
ried the breastworks, and Breckenridge and Walker pushed
on, passing the Chattanooga road, when their right was un-
able to overcome the forces covering the Federals' re-
treat.
Some one had ordered Thomas' corps ammunition train
to Chattanooga, and many division trains, separated, had
gone to the rear. Ammunition on the battle line got short.
The Federal east front fell back, and the two Confed-
erate wings united. Preston gained the ridge running east
from Snodgrass hill a half hour later. Longstreet's at-
tack at 4 :30 gained the salient. Two captains whom
Thomas had sent to the rear for ammunition came back.
Ammunition was supplied and orders to withdraw by di-
visions at 5 :30 were issued — Reynolds first. Thomas, go-
ing to direct him, met a force that had gained the woods in
Reynolds' rear. He ordered Reynolds to charge them.
The Confederates yielded there. Part of them were driven
beyond Thomas' left. Thomas posted brigades to hold the
road while the troops passed by. Palmer, Johnson, and
his left flank division were attacked as they left position.
The division called up by Thomas from the routed right
wing neared the field about night. Thomas often came
within speaking distance of the men during the day.
Wood, Kentucky, was struck several times and severely
contused. Whittaker, Kentucky, lost 154 killed, 654
wounded and 518 missing, total 1,326 — a noteworthy rec-
ord. J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, was wounded. The serv-
ices of the brave Brannan, Johnson, Palmer, Wood and
Reynolds are worthy of mention. Durbin Ward, Ken-
168 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
tucky, fought with merit. He was severely wounded.
Alex. M. Stout, Kentucky, was engaged. Rousseau was
engaged in the Chickamauga campaign. Eli Long, Ken-
tucky, was engaged in the pursuit of Wheeler and Roddy.
L. D. Watkins, Florida, commanded a cavalry brigade.
Thomas was ordered to Rossville Gap. During the night
he formed a new line at Rossville.
At Chickamauga, the rout of half the army going on,
Thomas had to fight the whole victorious Confederate
army with the remaining half, or conform in the direction
of retreat. His decision commanded plaudit. With
calamities crowding, accumulating disorders, he kept in-
domitable, composed and resourceful. His defensive bat-
tle of Chickamauga shines in the line of the great defensive
battles.
September 21st Thomas was occupied in checking the
Confederate advance on Chattanooga. He made arrange-
ments for withdrawal from Rossville to Chattanooga, and
the troops marched to Chattanooga during the night.
September 22d the Army of tlie Cumberland was placed
in positions around Chattanooga. Weakened, it was in
peril there. Marching orders were received September
22d for the 11th and 12th corps to go from the Army
of the Potomac to its assistance. The movement com-
menced from the east side of the Rappahannock the 24th.
Bragg had the Army of the Cumberland invested in Chat-
tanooga by the 24th. Reenforcements were sent also from
Vicksburg and the Department including it.
Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, made a demon-
stration on Bayport, Fla., in September, 1863, which re-
sulted in the destruction of an English blockade-runner.
Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, became Chief of Cavalry,
Department of the Ohio, in September, 1863.
Jas. H. Stokes, Maryland, was in the Chattanooga
campaign, in command of an artillery division, October,
1863, to February, 1864.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 169
John Newton, Virginia, was in the Rapidan campaign,
October to December, 1863.
Bragg sent cavalry against his opponent's communica-
tions, which captured McMinnville October 4th.
Near Murfreesboro a saber charge by the 2d Kentucky,
led by Eli Long, Kentucky, dislodged Wheeler's rear-
guard.
At Duck River Long made a headlong charge against
Davidson's division, and drove the Confederates 13 miles,
killing and capturing many. At Farmington Long was
wounded. He fought well.
Bragg bombarded Chattanooga October 5th.
October 7th Lee was at work in a turning movement
of the Federal right flank. The Federals fell back, cross-
ing the Rappahannock. John Buford, Kentucky, cov-
ered the movement.
Action of Auburn, October 7th. French, Maryland,
was engaged.
Action of Brandy Station, October 11th. A. Pleas-
anton. District of Columbia, was in command.
Fort Morgan, October 12th. Wm. K. Mayo, Virginia,
naval officer, fought with credit.
Shelby, Confederate, had entered Missouri. He cap-
tured several posts in southw'est Missouri. In an action
near IVIarshall, Mo., October 13th, he was defeated and
his artillery captured, and his command scattered by Mis-
souri militia. He was pursued out of the State.
P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, was in command of the
Baton Rouge District from October 13th, 1863, to May,
1864.
Action at Auburn, Va., October 14th. S. S. Carroll was
engaged.
Combat of Bristoe Station, Va., October 14th. A. P.
Hill was about to attack the 3d corps when the 5th corps,
bringing up the rear of the Army of the Potomac, unex-
pectedly approached his rear. He faced about, they
170 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
fought, and the 5th corps gained an advantage, withdraw-
ing on Ewell's approach. The Confederates were pun-
ished smartly. John Buford and S. S. Carroll were en-
gaged.
The Federals continued north to Centreville. After-
ward, Lee fell back, followed by the Federal army.
George H. Thomas, Virginia, was in command of the
Department and Army of the Cumberland from October
19th, 1863.
Bragg commanded the Tennessee River, and the rail-
road above Bridgeport, and the shortest and best wagon
roads on both sides of the river, between Bridgeport and
Chattanooga. The roundabout route for the Federals was
over sixty miles, while the distance by railroad was only
twenty-six. October 19th the Brown's Ferry route was
discovered. Thomas received the information. He was
engaged in opening communications by the Tennessee
River and Lookout Valley to November 24th. The army
was not in a condition to retreat over the poor routes ac-
cessible, and Thomas determined to hold Chattanooga to
privation.
Confederate cavalry north of the Tennessee River
stopped a train of ammunition and medical supplies.
Thomas ordered the concentration of the 11th and 12th
corps at Bridgeport. By October 22d, he had ordered and
commenced the work of opening communication via Bridge-
port. His efforts for improved order were responded to
by the troops. The 11th and 12th corps remained under
him, after October 24th, augmenting the Army of the
Cumberland, but the troops which later made the left wing
— i. e., the Army of the Tennessee, were not under his
command.
Fort Sumter was bombarded during forty days and
nights beginning October 26th, 1863.
Troops of the 11th and 12th corps crossed at Bridge-
port, October 26th.
Cane Creek, Ala., October 26th. Blair, Kentucky, oc-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 171
cupied Tuscumbia October 27th, after the fight at Cane
Creek,
Bro^vn's Ferry was taken by Thomas October 27th.
The 11th and 12th corps, under Thomas' direction, moved
to effect a junction and restore communications to Chat-
tanooga the 27th. They connected at Brown's Ferry
28th, and the river was thus secured from Lookout Val-
ley to Bridgeport, breaking the fatal power of the siege.
Afterward Brannan, District of Columbia, as Chief of
Artillery of the Army of the Cumberland, was charged
with preparing the fortifications for heavier guns, and
sending for such guns and ammunition.
J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, was assigned to the com-
mand of the 14th corps October 28th, 1863.
Combat of Wauhatchie, Tenn. Bragg made a night at-
tack October 28th on some of Thomas' troops which had
connected at Brown's Ferry. Others coming up from the
river, the Confederates withdrew.
October 30th, representatives from about twenty
Arkansas counties assembled at Fort Smith to take
measures for forming a Federal State government. A
meeting was held at Little Rock that day.
Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, attacked the
batteries of Tampa In October.
Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, was engaged In op-
erations against Charleston till November, 1863.
J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was Chief Engineer,
Department of West Virginia, November 3d, 1863, to
August 17th, 1864.
Longstreet left the vicinity of Chattanooga for hostili-
ties against Knoxville November 4th.
Action of Droop Mountain, W. Va., November 6th.
J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was engaged.
Mine Run Campaign. The Army of the Potomac
moved against Lee.
Passage of Kelly's Ford, November 7th. French, with
the 2d and 3d corps, forced the passage.
172 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Combat of Rappahannock Station, Rappahannock re-
doubts, November 7th. Federal batteries made little im-
pression, and near night the Federals charged, and cap-
tured the works. The Confederates lost 1,674; Federals
417. K. Garrard, Kentucky, was among those engaged.
These two successes enabled the army to cross and move
south. The next day beyond Brandy Station French
pushed the Confederates.
Combat of Campbell's Station, Knoxville, Tenn., No-
vember 16th. When the Confederates came upon Knox-
ville, Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, Chief of Cavalry, de-
layed them with some cavalry while the infantry were con-
structing defensive works. He held his position next day,
while using his men dismounted to interpose a screen while
infantry dug the trenches. He had rail barricades for
his men. He exposed his person when necessary to keep
his men from retreating therefrom. He was mortally
wounded. Sanders had made a good record. The time
gained was precious. The Federals fell back from their
first position when the Confederates moved to flank their
left. They maintained their second position and at night
continued on to Knoxville. Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee,
was engaged.
J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, commanded the cavalry
corps at Knoxville from November 17th to December 4th,
1863.
November 22d Buckner's division was sent to reenforce
Longstreet before Knoxville.
Battles of Chattanooga, Tenn., November 23d, 24th
and 25th, 1863. Thomas commanded all of the army ex-
cept the left wing, which attacked the north end of Mis-
sionary Ridge. He proposed that the 12th corps push
around the north end of Lookout Mountain, dislodging the
Confederates. Orchard Knob was a mile south of the
Federal line, and was the advanced position of the Con-
federates. Missionary Ridge, east of that, extends north
and south. Bragg's right flank rested, not on the north-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 173
eriiniost summit of jNIissionary Ridge, but on the third
one to the south — a much stronger position.
Orchard Knob, November 23d. Tliomas executed a
reconnoissance in force, so disposing his forces as to take
advantage of the success gained. Thomas moved Wood's
and another division to the foot of Fort Wood and fonncd
them in hne, Wood on the left. Pahiier, Kentucky, held
that part of Thomas' line facing south and southwest. R.
W. Johnson, Kentucky, commanded one of the two di-
visions of Palmer's corps. The 11th corps was in rear
of the center. At 2 p. m. Thomas advanced. Wood be-
gan the advance. He deployed before Fort Wood, moved
forward and led in carrying Orchard Knob and a hill to
the right. Other troops were moved up on the right and
left, Palmer supporting him. Wood struck in flank Con-
federates fighting the troops laboring for the position on
the left. The reconnoissance was well executed, securing
important ground, driving Confederates from the ad-
vanced line. Thomas signaled Wood : " You have
gained too much to withdraw ; hold your position and I
will support you." So minor heights were carried, and a
line a mile in advance was obtained, theretofore occupied
by Confederates. The position was fortified. This suc-
cess caused Bragg to weaken his force at Lookout Moun-
tain. That day Thomas directed that the 12th corps
make a demonstration against Lookout Mountain next
morning, and, if feasible, take it at the north point.
During the night of the 23d, Brannan, Chief of Artillery,
moved forty pieces of artillery, and placed them on the
north side of the Tennessee River so as to command the
opposite ground, and aid In protecting the approach to
the point where the south end of the bridge to be used by
the left wing In crossing was to rest.
Lookout Mountain, November 24th. The brigade of
W. C. Whittaker, Kentucky, crossed Lookout Creek at
Wauhatchie, drove back the Confederate pickets, swept
down its right bank, clearing it of Confederates, and
174 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
covered the crossing of other forces. He ascended Look-
out Mountain on the west side to the foot of the palisade,
and, with other troops, marched along its western slope to
the north point. Brannan had guns at Moccasin Point,
on the north bank of the Tennessee River, which opened
a direct fire on the north point of Lookout. The Confed-
erates along the western side were driven. The 12th
corps turned the northern slope of Lookout Mountain at 1
p. M., Whittaker highest up. On Craven's farm, half-way
up the point, the Confederates made a stand, but were de-
feated and retreated down the eastern side. Brannan's ar-
tillery rendered important aid. Some Confederate troops
were on the summit, the palisade rising between. The
12tli corps connected with Thomas' other troops this day.
He directed its position and movements. T. C. Fletcher,
Missouri, was engaged.
Missionary Ridge, November 24th. This demonstra-
tion by Thomas against the Confederate left occupied
Bragg while the movement against his right was gaining
momentum. Thomas had Eli Long move on the left flank
of the combined Federal armies, cross Chickamauga Creek
with his brigade, and make a raid upon the Confederate
communications to the northeast. Long crossed on the
24th, reached Tyner's Station, and went as far as Charles-
ton, Tenn. Three divisions of the left wing were under F.
P. Blair, Kentucky. The left wing moved over the Ten-
nessee River on the 24th. It started at 1 p. m. to seize a
hill at the north of Missionary Ridge. Cavalry crossed to
the east of South Chickamauga River and rode to strike
communications at Chickamauga Station. The 11th
corps, of Thomas, effected a junction with the left wing,
or Army of the Tennessee. By 4 p. m. the left wing had
occupied the two northernmost summits of Missionary
Ridge.
Bragg evacuated Lookout Mountain during the night.
Eight volunteers from the 8th Kentucky' infantry, before
daylight 25th, ran up the United States flag on the pali-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 175
sades of Lookout Mountain. The Confederates burnt
bridges over Chattanooga Creek.
Missionary Ridge, November 25th. Early the 25th
Thomas had the 12th corps march south toward Rossville.
Later, he ordered an advance upon Confederate works on
their left. Both armies were massed heavily on the east.
The Federal efforts to turn and break the Confederate
right flank failed. There was a depression between the
hill gained by the Federal left wing and the remainder of
Missionary Ridge. The Federal attack was repulsed. A
division from Thomas was sent to aid. The 12th corps
w'as delayed four hours restoring a bridge necessitated by
the burning of the bridges over Chattanooga Creek. As a
relief to the left wing, Thomas was ordered to advance a
force at the center to the rifle-pits, first line, and re-
form, without waiting for Bragg to further weaken his
center to meet the 12th corps on his left. The 12th corps
forded Chattanooga Creek a little after 3 p. m. It made
for Rossville Gap to menace the Confederate left flank
under Thomas' orders. The 12th corps reached the Con-
federate left flank, which retreated beyond Rossville. The
12th corps was then disposed to sweep nortliAvard along
Missionary Ridge. While thus fonning, Thomas' center
advance was made, between 3 and 4 p. m., Brannan's guns
supporting. Thomas' storming line was two and a half
miles front. His division that had helped the left wing
had returned. Bragg had a line at the base, another half-
way up, and intrenchments at the top of Missionary Ridge
where Thomas assaulted. His troops drove the Confed-
erates who w^ere in front of the lower line of rifle-pits so
rapidly and followed them so closely that they went over
the first line of works just after the Confederates. With-
out orders, being exposed to a fierce fire, they started
charging up from the rifle-pits. Seeing that the charge
was on, Wood and others gave appropriate orders to add
weight to it. The Federals were so close behind the Con-
federates ascending the ridge that the latter fired high to
176 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
keep from killing their own men. The Federals did not re-
form, but went on over the second line and made for the
crest. Wood charged on horse-back. Wood's and an-
other division climbed over the Confederate barrier in their
fronts on the crest, part of the Confederate line retreating
precipitately. Many were captured and many others
threw away their arms as they fled. R. W. Johnson's di-
vision participated in the charge up Missionary Ridge on
the right center. He moved up the ridge in line, taking
the ridge in his front. Wood's men enfiladed the Confed-
erate line. The 12th corps swept northward. Johnson
advanced, capturing many troops driven north along the
ridge by the 12th corps. He moved upon Rossville. At
Rossville the 12th corps had come upon the flank of a
Confederate division, which retreated along the ridge and
were thrown on Palmer's corps, many being captured.
Thomas captured 37 guns on the summit. The 12th
corps carried works on the summit at Bragg's left near sun-
down. One of Wood's brigades was in the pursuit down
the eastern slope of Missionary Ridge. The Confederates
occupied a second hill in rear of Missionary Ridge and re-
sisted, but Thomas' men pushed up the hill slowly, and
moved to surround it, almost succeeding before the Con-
federates hastily fled, leaving artillery and many prisoners
— a large part of the entire number captured on the field.
Thomas' left division participating in the assault had the
longest fight for the possession of the ridge. Bragg's
headquarters were in Thomas' possession just before sun-
set. Wood fought till dark. In the battle Thomas cap-
tured forty pieces of artillery.
In the battles of Chattanooga Thomas showed to ad-
vantage. Palmer, commanding the 14th corps, and Reyn-
olds the 19th, made a good record. Blair commanded
the 15th corps. Brannan, commanding the Artillery Re-
serve, was in charge of the artillery of the combined arm-
ies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee. Chas. Candy,
Kentucky; J. A. Williamson, Kentucky; Jas. H. Stokes,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 177
Maryland, and Jos. R. Cockerill, Virginia, were engaged.
Eleven Federal Kentucky regiments were at Missionary
Ridge. Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, provided trans-
portation and supplies for the forces at Chattanooga, was
present during the bombardment and investment, and en-
gaged in the battles of Chattanooga. Rousseau was em-
ployed in the Chattanooga campaign.
Chickamauga Station, November 26th.
Palmer, Kentucky, in pursuit after the battles of Chat-
tanooga, picked up many prisoners and much abandoned
property. He overtook and charged the Confederate rear-
guard, breaking it and capturing three guns.
Eli Long's brigade was dispatclied for the relief of
Knoxville. He was sent with picked men to communicate
with the besieged army. A relieving army in three di-
visions, which were to act independently, marched to the
relief of Knoxville. Blair commanded the right division
in the advance. Wood was in the march.
Mine Run Campaign. The Army of the Potomac
crossed the Rapidan River November 26th and moved to-
ward Mine Run. French, Maryland, crossed at Germanna
Ford. He was in command of the 3d corps.
Payne's Farm, Va., November 27th, 1863. French's ad-
vance was checked and he was engaged.
Combat at Ringgold Gap, November 27th. Thomas
fought. The Confederates were pushed and took up a
retired line.
Mine Run Campaign. A Federal corps moved the night
of November 28th to flank Lee's right.
Combat of Knoxville, Fort Sanders, November 29th and
30th. Longstreet unsuccessfully attacked the Fort and
to the right of it.
Mine Run Campaign. A corps massed during the night
of November 29th to reach Lee's left flank and rear. Lee
understood the movement against his right flank, and for-
tified against it, and the Federal attack was abandoned
there.
178 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Battle of Mine Run, Va., November 30th. Federal bat-
teries opened on Lee's left, and two corps were in position
to attack there, but the fortification of Lee's right, pre-
venting attack on it, prevented the coordinated attack on
his left. S. S. Carroll was engaged in the Mine Run
campaign.
From November, 1863, L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, was
in command of the District of the Tennessee.
December 1st the Army of the Potomac started to re-
tire north of the Rapidan.
Thomas reorganized his army between December 1st,
1863, and May 2d, 1864. He became the commanding
general of the whole force opposed to the Confederate
army near Chattanooga, the command of which passed
from Bragg to Hardee December 2d.
The siege of Knoxville was raised the night of Decem-
ber 4th. The Army of the Ohio had been enabled to hold
Knoxville by supplies furnished by Tennesseans in sym-
pathy with the Federal army. The 4th corps, Anny of
the Cumberland, was part of the force which reenforced
Knoxville, December 4th-6th.
After the siege of Knoxville was raised, Eli Long, Ken-
tucky, went toward North Carolina to cut off one of Long-
street's trains.
Action of Bean's Station, and Morristown, Tenn., De-
cember 14th. J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, had pursued
Longstreet after the siege of Knoxville was raised.
Shackelford had 4,000 cavalry. The Confederates had a
brigade, parts of two others, and artillery. Shackelford
fell back at night.
Hardee was succeeded by Polk December 23d.
Attack by fleet at Stono River, December 25th. The
Pawnee, commanded by Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, was
struck 46 times. The Marhleliead was opened on by Con-
federate batteries. The Pawnee took an enfilading posi-
tion and caused the retreat of the Confederates. He after-
ward captured two guns.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 179
Jos. E. Johnston assumed command of the Confederate
army relieving Polk December 27th.
Calhoun, Tenn., December 27th, 1863. Eli Long, Ken-
tucky, with a small force defeated Wheeler's men. Long
charged a small force of Confederates who had been sep-
arated from the main body after the main fight and scat-
tered it, taking 131 prisoners.
In the Red River campaign, December, 1863, to July,
1864, Emory, Maryland, commanded the 19th corps and
1st division.
T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, commanded a division block-
ading the entrance of Mobile Bay, December, 1863, to
August, 1864.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, commanded the defenses of
New Orleans from January to June, 1864.
Farragut was before Mobile from the beginning of
1864 till its capture.
Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, was In command of
Cairo early in 1864.
Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, defeated Confederates at
Jonesville, Va., January 3d, 1864.
Ord, Marj'land, was in command of the 13th corps in
the Department of the Gulf, January 8th to February
20th, 1864.
January 11th, 1864, a provisional free-state govern-
ment was inaugurated at Little Rock, Ark. A conven-
tion assembled at Little Rock and framed a Federal State
constitution.
Dandridge, Tenn., January 15th. Wood, Kentucky,
confronted Longstreet's men.
January 20th Farragut made a reconnoissance of ]Mobile
Bay, Forts Gaines and Morgan.
Getty was Acting Inspector General, Army of the Po-
tomac, January 27th to March 18th, 1864.
In action near Pocotaligo River in Febiiiary, 1864,
Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, was conspicuous. He
served his pieces well. Two horses were shot under him.
180 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Expedition from VIcksburg to ]\Ieridian, Miss., Feb-
ruary 3d to March 5th. Hurlbut, South Carolina, com-
manded one of the two columns. There were 20,000 men
and 20 guns. The railroads were destroyed en route.
Action of Camp Finnegan, February 8th. Henry,
Indian Territory, captured a battery at Camp Finnegan
the night of February 8th without the loss of a man,
taking about 100 prisoners, 8 guns and valuable prop-
erty.
The expedition from VIcksburg reached Meridian Feb-
ruary 14th. The army remained there till the 20th,
when it was put in motion toward Central Mississippi. It
remained In Canton till the 28th. Later the troops went
to VIcksburg and Memphis.
Battle of Olustee, Fla., Florida Expedition, February
20th, 1864. Henry had marched west from Jacksonville,
in command of a small brigade of cavalry and mounted in-
fantry, and proceeded to within three miles of Lake City.
The main body moved February 20th, Henry In advance.
J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, commanded a brigade at
the Battle of Olustee. The Federals were defeated and
Henry covered the retreat.
There was a meeting at Louisville of a Border States
" freedom convention " February 22d-23d, 1864. There
were a hundred delegates from Kentucky, Missouri, Ten-
nessee and Arkansas.
Farragut attacked Fort Powell, Mobile Bay, February
22d to March 2d. He bombarded It for six days.
Federal Louisiana chose a governor February 22d.
H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was In command of the Dis-
trict of Northern Central Kentucky, February 22d to
April 9th, 1864.
February 22d, 1864, Thomas, In chief command of the
army he was with, started on a formidable reconnolssance
against Johnston at Dalton, Ga. His movement was upon
Rocky Face Ridge, Tunnel Hill at the north and Buz-
zard's Roost on the ridge.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 181
Combat of Tunnel Hill, February 22d to 25th. Falnier,
Kentucky, took possession of Tunnel Hill February 24tli.
Johnston's men successfully resisted Thomas at Buzzard's
Roost the 25th. There was fighting at Dug Gap the 26th
and Buzzard's Roost the 27th. Bragg, on February 24th,
was charged with the conduct of military operations in the
armies of the Confederacy. Thomas withdrew his forces
and returned to Chattanooga.
F. M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded a
naval expedition via Red River up the Black and Ouachita
rivers February 29th. Bache, District of Columbia, com-
manded the Lexington, At Trinity and Harrisonburg
Polignac was repulsed. Ramsay went nearly to Monroe,
La., on the Ouachita.
March 6th Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, with gunboats,
participated in an expedition up the St. John's River.
Red River Campaign against Shreveport, La. The
most formidable naval force ever collected in the western
waters, convoying 10,000 troops, entered the Red River
March 12th, 1864. Three divisions landed at Simmsport,
La., March 13th, part of the vessels having turned into
the Atchafalaya River with these troops. Another body
of troops marched from Brashear City and Franklin, La.,
March 13th. The vessels all went up the Red River to
Fort de Russj^ and the troops at Simmsport marched on
the 14th to Fort de Russy. Nearly 40,000 men were in
the expedition.
Fort de Russy was captured March 14th by assault.
In this campaign F. M. Ramsay commanded the Choctaw;
Bache the Lexington, and J. P. Foster, Kentucky, the
Lafayette.
The fleet arrived off Alexandria, La., the 15th. Other
troops followed on transports. Alexandria was occupied
by the Federals March 16th. The Confederates retired
up the river. Twenty Federal gunboats went up the Red
River.
The 1st and 3d corps passed out of existence IMarch
182 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
23d, 1864, in reorganization. Newton came to Thomas.
March 23d A. W. Weaver, District of Columbia, sent
boats from the Winona which captured a steamer in Santee
River, causing Confederate batteries to fire on her.
The troops who had come by land from Brashear City
reached Alexandria March 25th and 26th. Transports
carried the army advance from Alexandria to Natchitoches,
whence the army marched toward Shreveport. Vessels
went up to Springfield Landing, about thirty miles below
Shreveport, carrying 2,500 soldiers. Columns moved
from Little Rock and Fort Smith, Ark., also directed
against Shreveport.
March 31st, 1864, Longstreet's troops, having wintered
in east Tennessee, retired to Virginia.
In March, 1864, in Arkansas, the Federal State con-
stitution was ratified by popular vote. In April, a Fed-
eral State government was organized.
Ord was in command of troops assembled at Grafton,
Webster and Beverly, W. Va., April 6th to July 9th, 1864.
Red River Campaign. Action of Pleasant Hill, April
7th. W. J. Landram, Kentucky, was engaged.
Red River Campaign. Combat of Sabine Cross Roads,
April 8th. The division of W. J. Landram and the other
troops at the front were overcome. They were driven
back with other troops sent to reenforce them. Emory,
]Mar3^1and, commanding the 19th corps, received order to
adA^ance, 3:40 p. m., and instantly started.
Battle of Pleasant Grove or Mansfield, April 8th. At
Pleasant Grove, three miles from the battlefield, Emory
met the routed troops. His men forced their way through
the fugitives and obstacles and formed a line, with J. W.
^McMillan, Kentucky, in reserv^e. His dispositions were
good. Quickly Taylor attacked him, pressing heavily on
his right, but McMillan was brought up, and the pursuit
was checked about night. Emory was then in command
of the troops engaged. He displayed marked bravery and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 183
skill, repelling Confederate charges. The discipline of
his troops told. The army was saved and probably the
fleet. Emory fell back at midnight. He covered the re-
treat next day to Pleasant Hill, — fifteen miles away.
Battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9th. Emory commanded
the troops engaged. He took position. In mid afternoon
the Confederates attacked the Federal left. One of his
own brigades, its commander killed, was crushed. The
Confederates fell upon and enveloped both flanks of an-
other brigade, and drove it back. Emory made a strong
stand. He quickly ordered a charge of McMillan's troops,
which was of vital aid. The Confederates failed to drive
the Federals. Taylor attempted to turn the Federal
right, and one of Emory's brigades was moved to that
flank, which later was heavily struck. His other brigades
also were forced back. He charged in turn and drove the
Confederates. The Confederates exposed their right flank
and were thrown into confusion. The Federal army fell
back at night, and the Confederates occupied the field next
day, following with cavalry. D. H. Strother, Virginia,
was among those engaged in the Red River campaign.
The fact that the army had not come up indicating its
defeat, the vessels at Springfield Landing dropped back
down the river. An intercepted dispatch disclosed to E.
Kirby Smith that the Federals would fall back to Alex-
andria. He withdrew April 10th to move against the Fed-
erals in Arkansas moving upon Shreveport. Some troops,
however, worried the retreating army.
Jacob Ammen, Virginia, commanded the District of
East Tennessee from April 10th, 1864, to January 14th,
1865. April 11th Gillem, Tennessee, was placed in com-
mand of a Tennessee division of cavalry. Army of the
Cumberland.
The Red River army reached Grand Ecore April 11th.
There were over 45 vessels above.
Action of Bayou Pierre, April 12th. Taylor had sent
184 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
troops across the Red River, who planted batteries on a
high bluff three miles below Pleasant Hill Landing. Con-
federate cavalry with three cannon attacked the vessels
and transports descending near Blair's Landing. Bache,
commanding the Lexington, was in the fleet. The Osage,
aground, was attacked. Bache was visiting aboard. The
engagement was between the Osage and Lexington and a
Confederate brigade. Bache on the Lexington enfiladed
the Confederates, disabling their battery. The Confed-
erate commander was killed and his men retired.
The Federals from the north did not reach Camden,
Ark., 90 miles northeast of Shreveport, until April 15th.
John Edwards, Kentucky, was in the march from Little
Rock. Price, with cavalry, opposed it. J. B. Wheeler,
North Carolina, participated in the occupation of Camden,
April 18th to 26th.
Battle of Plymouth, N. C, Fort Williams, Fort Gray,
April 17th to 20th. The Confederates assaulted Fort
Gray and were driven back by C. W. Flusser, Maryland,
with the Miami and Southfield.
April 18th the Confederate ram Albemarle started down
the river toward Plymouth. She came down during the
night. Flusser, with the Miami and Southfield lashed to-
gether, met the Albemarle, hoping to run his vessels so as
to get the Albemarle between them, but the Albemarle ran
close to the southern shore, then suddenly turned and ran
her prow into the side of the Southfield, sinking her, part
of the crew going down with her. The AlbemarWs chain
plates were entangled. She was borne partly down with
the Southfield. Flusser fired the first three shots himself,
from the Miami, right alongside. He was killed by the
fragment of a shell. An attempt to board the Albemarle
was defeated. The Miami left.
Plymouth was captured April 20th. Hoke attacked
the fortifications in the morning. The Albemarle fired into
the resisting forts all day. Hoke carried the works, losing
considerably.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 185
Longstreet rejoined Lee April 22d.
Battle of Monette's Fcn-y, Cane River, La., April 23d.
Bee, Confederate, had taken position to contest the passage
of Cane River, while other troops harassed the Federal rear
at Cloutierville. The Confederates numbered about 8,000.
Emory, commanding on the field, menaced them in front,
while he sent a force to ford the river three miles above
the Ferry, and turn Bee's left flank. This was success-
fully done, and Bee withdrew to Beasley's, thirty miles
away. This cleared the way for the army to march into
Alexandria.
April 23d the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Wis-
consin and Indiana offered to raise for the Federal armies
85,000 men for 100 days. The offer was accepted.
April 23d, 1864, Beauregard's command was changed
to the Department of North Carolina.
April 24th a Confederate attack on Emory's rear-
guard was repulsed. At Henderson's hill, April 25th,
Emory repulsed the Confederates.
Low water in the Red River stopped the fleet's descent.
A dam was built, storing the waters, and Bache's vessel,
the Lexington, was the first to sweep through the weir.
The large Federal armies prepared for a concerted
forward movement the latter part of April — the Army
of the Potomac in northern Virginia against Richmond ;
the Army of the James at Fortress Monroe via the river
against Richmond from the south ; the armies around Chat-
tanooga against Atlanta, and the army at New Orleans
against Mobile. 20,000 men left Annapolis April 27th to
occupy the position of the Army of the Potomac as it
moved forward.
The Red River army reached Alexandria April 27th.
McClernand, Kentucky, took command of the 13th corps
at Alexandria.
The Federals evacuated Camden, Ark., April 27th, on
account of the capture of their train at Mark's mill two
days before.
186 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
April 28th near Alexandria the Confederates attacked
McClernand, and got east of the Federal army. Taylor
moved a part of his command to the river below Alexandria,
and operated against the gunboats and transports.
Canby, Kentucky, took charge of the army at Atchafalaya
and conducted it safely to New Orleans.
Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, Ark., or Saline Bottom, April
30th. The Saline River was swollen and the Confederates
caught up with the retreating army. The Confederates
won the field. The battle ended at 1 o'clock, the Federals
leaving their dead, wounded and wagons on the field. J.
B. Wlieeler, North Carolina, was engaged.
Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded
an expedition up the Black and Ouachita Rivers in April.
J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was in command of
depots about Fredericksburg, Va., for the distribution of
troops, etc., in May, 1864.
Rocky Face Ridge Battles, Operations Around Dalton,
Ga. Rocky Face Ridge runs north and south. John-
ston's position was about Dalton, east of the ridge. The
Army of the Ohio, moving south from Cleveland, threat-
ened his right flank and rear. The Army of the Cumber-
land, under Thomas, faced the ridge from the west, and
the Army of tlie Tennessee proceeded south behind
Thomas until it approached Johnston's left. In the
Atlanta campaign the troops under Thomas numbered
60,000 to 65,000. Those not under him were the Army
of the Tennessee, 24,000, later increased by 9,000, and
the Army of the Ohio, 13,000. Generally the Army of the
Cumberland under Thomas was engaged against John-
ston's front, while the other two armies made turning and
flank movements.
Troops of Thomas reconnoitered toward Tunnel Hill
May 2d, and developed the Confederates in force there.
During the Atlanta campaign, Kentucky was protected
against raiders by S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky. In May
he started for Virginia with a large mounted force.
FIGPITING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 187
The Wilderness Campaign. The Army of the Potomac
moved from north of the Rapidan the night of May 3d.
Rattle between the Albemarle and her consorts, Bomb-
shell and Cotton-Plant, and the Federal fleet, May 5th.
The Albemarle and the two steamers, carrying troops,
came down the Roanoke River to its mouth. The double-
enders Mattahasett, Sassacus, Wyalusing and Miami, and
smaller vessels steamed up Albemarle Sound to give bat-
tle. W. W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the
Wyalusing. The Bombshell surrendered. The Federal
vessels retired from the losing fight. The Wyalusing was
thought by those aboard to be sinking.
Draft was ordered in Maryland and Kentucky, May
5th.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, brought the Army of the James,
40,000 men, up to Bermuda Hundred May 5th.
Battle of the Wilderness, May 5th and 6th, 1864. The
Army of the Potomac started south from Germanna Ford,
whereupon Lee came east on two roads which crossed the
road occupied by the Federals. Ewell was on the north-
em road and Hill on the southern, or Orange plank road.
The Federal right moved In force to the attack. By 8
A. M. May 5th it had developed the presence of Hill and
Ewell. The Federal left wing was nearly ten miles away.
Ewell was forced back, but the Federals in turn were
forced back. A. W. Denison, Maryland, was engaged on
the Federal right. Getty's division at Wilderness Tavern
was moved out by the Brock road In the forenoon to drive
Hill back, If possible. Getty formed line of battle on
the Brock road across the plank road. He was ordered to
hold this junction at all hazards. He held his ground
against severe pressure by Hill until the advance of the
left wing reached him at 3 o'clock, when he Informed it
that Hill had two divisions In his front, and the line was
intrenched. D. B. Birney, Alabama, was placed on the
left of Getty In two lines of battle along the Brock road.
S. S. Carroll was on the extreme right here. At 4:30
188 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Getty inarched to the attack, striking the Confederates.
Birney was thrown forward on his left. The fight at
once became very fierce. Carroll's brigade was sent in to
support Getty on the plank road. Carroll was conspicu-
ous. He was wounded but stayed on the field. Hill's
right was forced back by the left wing. Bimey's blow on
Hill's right helped prevent him from interposing between
the two wings of the Federal army. Lee sustained his
position. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was severely
wounded.
Wilderness, May 6th. The 9th corps was brought for-
ward the night of the 5th and placed in the Federal cen-
ter. Longstreet made a night march toward the field.
Just before 5 a. m. the Federal right was attacked by
Ewell. He was repulsed. On Hill's line it was expected
that Heth and Wilcox would be relieved during the night,
and, consequently, their line was not rearranged and
strengthened. The Federal left attacked at light, the
blow falling heaviest south of the road. D. B. Bimey,
with his own and another division, pushed forward on the
left of the Orange plank road and drove the Confederates
from their rifle-pits. The Confederate right wing was
overlapped and Hill's line gave way, rolled up from the
right and retreated in disorder along the road a mile and
a half until it reached Poague's artillery. The Federals
got abreast of the guns when Longstreet came up. Their
advance was stopped and they were forced back. Lee out-
flanked the Federal left and drove it back in confusion
upon the Brock road. Lee's right moved again to flank,
but Confederate troops north of the plank road mistook
them for Federals, and the two Confederate bodies fired
at each other. Jenkins, Confederate, was killed and Long-
street was seriously wounded. R. H. Anderson succeeded
to the command of Longstreet's corps.
The left center attacked north of the Orange plank road
and made some progress, but reenforcements enabled the
Confederates to drive them back.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 189
Frequent attacks on Ewell were unsuccessful. An un-
successful attempt was made to turn his left near the
river, and heavy assaults were made on his line.
At 3 :45 p. M. the Confederate right wing advanced in
force. Anderson took possession of the Federal line of
intrenchments, but Carroll, at a double-quick, drove him
out. He struck the advancing Confederates in flank, after
they had driven the division in their front, and rushed
through the gap. The Confederates suffered and the Fed-
erals regained their former position. The attacks upon
the Federal left were not decisive.
Two brigades of Ewell's left moved out of their works
at sunset, and struck the Federal right flank. The Fed-
erals were driven from a large part of their works there,
and two generals and 600 men were taken prisoners. The
Confederates there formed an advanced line, and the Fed-
eral right took up a new line farther back. Getty, fight-
ing with valor, was severely wounded in the Wilderness
battles. Denison's fighting was of merit. Morrow fought
with credit. Tidball, Virginia, and Mcintosh, Florida,
were engaged. Fred T. Dent, Missouri, did good work.
The Army of the James was In position up the James
River at Bermuda Hundred by May 6th. S. P. Lee's gun-
boats which accompanied the army dragged James River
above City Point for torpedoes. Some of the vessels
were blown up by torpedoes. The fleet protected the right
flank of that army during May.
Assault of the Army of the James upon the Richmond
railroad above Petersburg May 6th and 7th was repulsed
with heavy loss.
CHAPTER VII
Rocky Face Ridge — Spotsylvania — Resaca — North
Anna — Dallas — Cold Harbor — Piedmont — Peters-
burg — Lynchburg — Kenesaw Mountain — Deep Bot-
tom — Monocacy — Peach Tree Creek — Atlanta —
Ezra Church.
Rocky Face Ridge. There was cavalry fighting at
Tunnel Hill May 6th and 7th. Thomas was engaged
in the operations around Dalton, May 6th to 13th. Con-
federates made a show of resistance to Palmer May 7th.
Newton and another division charged and cleared the hill.
Confederates fell back to Buzzard's Roost.
The Army of the Potomac started toward Spotsylvania
the night of May 7th.
Rocky Face Ridge, May 8th. The Federals attempted
to cross to the east side of Rocky Face Ridge through its
gaps, Mill Creek and Dug, and over the crest. Buzzard's
Roost and Mill Creek Gap are about midway between Tun-
nel Hill on the north and Dug Gap on the south. Palmer,
Kentucky, occupied Thomas' center. Newton, Virginia,
was sent two miles northward, where the ascent was easier.
He stoniied the ridge, succeeded in getting a force on it
and carried a portion of it. Wood, Kentucky, supported
him with artillery and musketry fire. One of Newton's
brigades advanced along Rocky Face Ridge. He wrested
one-third of it from the Confederates.
Buzzard's Roost, Mill Creek Gap. Thomas pressed the
Confederates into their intrenchments.
Dug Gap. The brigade of Chas. Candy, Kentucky, and
other troops of Thomas' army ascended the mountain,
pushing back the Confederates. It was a strong position
and was not taken. A second and a third attempt failed.
190
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 191
These attacks covered the movement of the Army of the
Tennessee south to Snake Creek Gap to turn Johnston's
left flank. Thomas liad his 12th corps hide tliis flank
movement. The Army of the Tennessee arrived in Snake
Creek Gap May 8th. It advanced on Resaca.
Battles of Spotsylvania, Va., May 8th-20th. Todd's
Tavern, May 8th. Confederate cavalry occupied the road
near Spotsylvania C. H. The Federal cavalry not dis-
lodging them, Federal infantry were sent forward. Lee,
aware of the Federal move, had moved also, and Confed-
erate infantry supported their cavalry and forced back
the Federal column, which intrenched. The 6th corps in
the evening struck heavily at Anderson's right wing, but
Ewell arrived, and helped in a serious repulse of the Fed-
erals. Chas. H. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the ar-
tillery brigade of the 6th corps in the Spotsylvania battles.
There was fighting on the Catharpin road May 8th.
Spotsylvania, May 9th. Hill's corps arrived in the
morning, under the command of Early. The day was
spent principally intrenching. D. B. Bimey and another
division of the 2d corps moved for the flank of the Con-
federate left. He crossed the Po River and met resistance.
A cavalry raid against the Confederate communications
with Richmond began May 9th.
May 9th the Army of the James advanced toward Pe-
tersburg, but could not cross the Appomattox. It fell back
to its intrenchments. Thus the attempt to take Petersburg
from the north failed.
Jacksonville was occupied May 9th. Geo. B. Balch,
Tennessee, was in the expedition.
Rocky Face Ridge. The Federals attempted to take
Rocky Face Ridge through INIill Creek Gap and over the
crest unsuccessfully from the west, IVfay 9th, 10th and
12th. ]May 9th Thomas attacked the Gap. Palmer, Ken-
tucky, sent a brigade up one of the spurs south of the
Gap. The Army of the Cumberland was somewhat heavily
engaged. Five partial assaults failed.
192 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
The Army of the Tennessee passed through Snake Creek
Gap and reached the vicinity of Resaca at 2 p. m. the
9th. Finding Resaca firmly held, it withdrew to Snake
Creek Gap. There was fighting on the 9th till dark.
Johnston reenforced Resaca.
Combat of Cloyd's Mountain, W. Va., May 9th and
10th. Jenkins, commanding the Confederates, was killed,
and his force was defeated. Carr B. White rendered brave
and dutiful service.
Spotsylvania, May 10th. Po River. D. B. Birney,
Alabama, was attempting to find the Confederate left and
force it back. Troops reached the Shady Grove road, and
threatened the Confederate rear and trains. Lee was
found intrenched east of the Po. Although he faced east
and north, he held the direct road to the south. Birney,
while Avithdrawing, was attacked. Confederate guns took
the men in the rear from northeast beyond the Po. Early
was moved from the right against and struck Bimey's
rear division heavil}', as it was about to recross the Po.
The divisions got back north of the Po.
Laurel Hill. The Federals attacked the left center un-
der Anderson and were repulsed. They assaulted there
again and were bloodily repulsed. They made a third
assault — very strong — near sunset, and got within a part
of the works, D. B. Birney participating, but where the
attack failed the Confederates turned and struck their
flank, and they were driven out. Carroll participated in
the assault upon the Confederate line northeast of the Po,
fighting valiantly. A. W. Denison, Maryland, fought with
merit and was wounded.
The Federals attacked at this time further to the Con-
federate right also, striking Ewell. Dole's brigade was
broken, and the Confederate works there were captured
with 300 prisoners. The Confederates on both sides of
the break fell upon the flanks, and other troops hurried to
the front, and the Federals lost the works.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 193
Hoke, Confederate, arrived at Petersburg from North
Carolina May 10th.
Spotsylvania, May 11th. Movements along the Federal
lines indicated a Adthdrawal from Anderson's front. Late
in the p. m. artillery hard to get out was ordered with-
drawn. S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, was twice
wounded in the battles about Spotsylvania, May 9th-llth,
and disabled from further active service in the field.
Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11th. Confederate cavalry
were worsted and Stuart was mortally wounded. The
Federal cavalry passed the outer defenses of Richmond.
Canby, Kentucky, was in command of the IVIilitary Di-
vision of West INIississippi, extending from Missouri to
the mouth of the Mississippi and from Texas to Florida,
May 11th, 1864, to the end of the War.
Spotsylvania, May 12th. Federals moved at midnight,
and took position within 1,200 yards of the Confederate
line, Lee's right center. They stormed it at dawn, cap-
turing the Bloody Angle. The removed artillery had not
been replaced in time. D. B. Birney's and another divi-
sion formed the first line in the attack on the Bloody Angle.
After a hand-to-hand conflict, guns being used as clubs,
they leaped over the breastworks front and flank, and over-
whelmed the Confederates. John C. Tidball, Virginia,
commanded the artillery brigade in the Bloody Angle fight.
Ed. Johnson, commanding the division. Brigadier General
Steuart, 30 guns and 2,800 men were captured. Ten of
the guns could not be gotten off. Lee's troops to the right
drew back to a second line in rear of the Angle, and poured
a heavy fire upon the victors' left, which fell back. Con-
federate reserves hastened up. Combatants met in the rear
of the captured works, and the Federals were forced back
to the base of the salient. On the left of the salient the
Federal attack was pressed. A gap had been made in the
Confederate line. Lee managed to maintain a front, but
could not recapture the Angle. There were five efforts,
194 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the fighting about the works continuing till late at night.
Getty's division was heavily engaged at the Angle.
A^ attack upon the Confederate left was repulsed. An
an^pc on the Confederate right was met by Confederate
ti^^s moving to strike the flank of the salient and re-
pulsed. Denison, Maryland, was engaged this day. C.
'3h. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade
• of the 6th corps, part of which was engaged at the Bloody
Angle.
Rocky Face Ridge, May 12th. Newton, Virginia, was
holding the north end of Rocky Face and the roads around
it. One of Thomas' corps and some cavalry were con-
fronting Johnston. All the other Federal troops were in
motion to concentrate at Snake Creek Gap. About 10
A. M. a heavy column advanced toward Newton's left. The
division of Wood, Kentucky, moved from Tunnel Hill to
his support. The Confederates then withdrew, after driv-
ing back Newton's skirmishers. By a night march, John-
ston reached Resaca.
Drewry's Bluff, Fort Darling, Va., May 12th-16th.
The Army of the James moved on Richmond May 12th.
It turned the flank of some of the Drewry's Bluff* works
May 13th, moved fonvard and faced another line of
works. Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia, and Guy V. Henry, In-
dian Territory, were engaged.
Spotsylvania, May 13th. Ewell retired to a new hne
before daylight. Between May 13th and 18th the Army
of the Potomac worked east. Anderson was shifted by
Lee from the left to the right.
The Red River army, consisting of the 19th corps under
Emory, and the 13th under McClernand, started east from
Alexandria, La., May 13th.
The cavalry command of E. H. Murray, Kentucky, was
enlarged May 13th.
May 13th some of Thomas' troops occupied Dalton,
which Johnston had evacuated, and followed the Confed-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 195
erates toward Resaca, capturing some prisoners. Thomas
was engaged in demonstrations against Resaca until it was
occupied jNlay 16th.
Battle of Resaca, May 13th to 16th, 1864. The Con-
federates reached Resaca the 13th. The other Federal
forces had followed the Army of the Tennessee south.
Resaca, May 14th. Johnson's division was the first to
engage the Confederates. Johnson and Newton plunged
into the thicket, and worked their way into the reentrant
angle in Hardee's front. Wood came abreast of Newton
and drove the Confederates from the rifle-pits. The di-
vision of Henry M. Judah, Maryland, had a desperate
struggle; others coming to its help a part of the Con-
federate intrenchments was taken. Newton relieved an-
other division. He had to go over heavily exposed ground
to reach it. Johnston attempted to turn the Federal left
flank. Thomas moved troops to meet him. They arrived
just as the flank had been turned and pressed back, and
repulsed the Confederates. Hood's attack on the left of
the 11th corps, which nearly rolled it up, was after 3
p. M.
Federals moved south, crossing Oostanaula River at
Lay's, or Tanner's, Ferry, the 14th. Cavalry of Kenner
Garrard, Kentucky, moved toward Rome.
Beauregard's command was extended to cover Virginia
south of the James May 14th, 1864.
Resaca, May 15th. Some of Thomas' troops began the
battle. Johnson again threatened the left flank. Thomas
carried some hills. W. T. Ward, Virginia, eff'ected a
lodgment in the Confederate fortifications. He drove the
Confederates from a battery, charged the retreating men,
and took 217 prisoners. About 5 p. m. Confederate Ste-
venson's division left the main line and charged in column
to gain possession of lateral hills leading to the abandoned
battery. Thomas' men repulsed them. Thomas' army
did considerable fighting this day. Trenches were taken,
196 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
and after nightfall they took some guns. The night of
the 15th Johnston abandoned Resaca. Brannan was en-
gaged at Resaca.
Combat of New Market, Va., May 15th. The Federals
were defeated by Breckenridge. J. R. Hawley, North
Carolina, and J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, were
engaged. Hunter subsequently took command.
May 16th Thomas' men engaged Johnston's rear-guard.
He pursued directly from Resaca. There was considerable
fighting by his men toward night.
Drewry's Bluff, Va., May 16th. Beauregard defeated
the Army of the James. Their right was turned and they
were attacked in front. They fell back to Bermuda Hun-
dred, and were forced to take refuge in the Bermuda
Hundred peninsula.
Combat of Marksville, La., May 16th. Emory, Mary-
land, commanding the 19th corps, was engaged.
M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was in command of Belle Plain
and Fredericksburg, base of supplies of the Army of the
Potomac, May 16th-18th.
The South Carolina Union Convention met at Beaufort,
S. C, May 17th.
Action of Adairsville, Ga., May ITth. About 4 p. m.
Wood, Kentucky, and Newton, Virginia, found resistance
increasing till Newton's skirmishers aroused a heavy fire.
The skirmishing of Newton and Wood kept increasing, till
it grew into an engagement.
The Army of the Ohio having passed his right, Johnston
fell back.
Thomas sent a division toward Rome which fought ]\Iay
17th and captured Rome May 18th. Machine shops, iron-
works, stores and cotton were taken.
Spotsylvania, May 18th. Federals again attacked Lee
at the salient and were repulsed. D. B. Birney and another
division supported the assault on the line nearly in front
of the work he had carried on the 12th.
Hunter, District of Columbia, was in command of the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 197
Department of West Virginia from May 19th to August
8th, 1864.
Action of Cassville, May 19th, 1864. Newton engaged
Johnston's rear-guard on the way to Kingston. At Cass-
ville Johnston advanced in two lines of battle. Thomas'
men fought the Confederates back.
Spotsylvania, INIay 19th. Ewell's corps was thrown
around the Federal right wing, to develop the Federal po-
sition. This threatened the Federal communications. He
was engaged and withdrew at night.
In the Wilderness campaign, Tidball commanded the
artillery brigade of the 2d corps; Tompkins of the 6th,
and D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded a horse
artillery brigade. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged. El-
well S. Otis, Maryland, fought with merit at Spotsyl-
vania.
The Army of the Potomac started the*^ night of May
20th for the North Anna. Lee started next a. m. Hill
and the 6th corps, retiring from its lines, fought some that
afternoon.
May 20th, 1864, the ram Tennessee appeared in the
lower bay, Mobile Harbor. A few days later she came
down to Fort IMorgan, and thereafter guarded the en-
trance to the Bay.
Lee reached the North Anna about noon May 22d and
crossed.
May 23d F. P. Blair, Kentucky, with two divisions and
Eli Long's brigade, was ordered to move from Huntsville,
Ala., on Rome and Kingston.
Battle of North Anna, May 23d and 24th. The morn-
ing of the 23d the Federals appeared on the north bank.
The 5th corps crossed that afternoon at Jericho Ford.
It encountered the Confederates when it moved out from
the river.
Two of D. B. Birney's brigades attacked a small earth-
work covering approaches to the bridge on the telegraph
road north of the river, and stormed and carried it. Tid-
198 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
bull, Virginia, was engaged. The Confederates were un-
able to burn the bridge and fell back during the night.
North Anna, May 24th. The 2d corps crossed in the
morning some distance to the east of where the 5th corps
liad crossed. Ox Ford, where Lee's line touched the river,
was between the two corps. The 6th corps crossed at
Jericho Mill and joined the 5th. The 2d coi-ps moved
out and came upon Lee's right. Both Federal wings were
across the river, but Lee was between them. The center
attempted to cross between Ox Ford and the bridge, but
failed with loss. A detachment from the 5th corps moved
east to help the center, but was driven back, losing heavily.
The division of T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, forded at
Quarles mill, between Ox Ford and Jericho Ford, and con-
nected with the left of the 5th corps.
P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, was General Superin-
tendent of the recruiting service of the army from May
24th, 1864, to the end of the War.
Cassville, May 24th. Johnston stood one day. Hood
insisted that Federals had passed him going south.
Battles around Dallas, May 25th-28th, 1864. New
Hope Church, May 25th. The Federals had come directly
from Kingston, leaving the railroad. Many unsuccessful
assaults were made upon Hood's position. The division
of Newton was deployed to the right by 6 p. m. There
was a gap of probably three miles between Thomas and
the Army of the Tennessee, which was at Dallas. Cand}",
Kentucky, repulsed Confederates ; then, with other of
Thomas' troops, drove Confederates a half mile. Thomas'
men later drove some Confederates back a mile and a half
to New Hope church. They were here repulsed. Wood,
Kentucky, was engaged. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, was
severely wounded. After the battle, the passing of the
Federal anrues to the left began.
May 26th Thomas made a reconnoissance to Dallas to
determine the position of Johnston's left flank, and open
communication with the Anny of the Tennessee.
FIGHTING BY SOUTPIERN FEDERALS 199
Federal cavalry maneuvered on Lee's left flank, and the
Federal riglit wing was withdrawn north of the North
Anna River the night of May S6th. The Army of the
Potomac then moved to the east.
Battles around Dallas. Action of Pickett's Mills, New
Hope church or Burnt Hickory ]\Iay 27th, 1864. Thomas
was engaged. He sent troops to try to strike Johnston's
right. The division of T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was
marched by Thomas to stnke the Confederate right flank,
R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, supporting on Wood's left.
At 5 p. M. Wood's men began the main battle, assaulting
the Confederate main line detenninedly. The Confeder-
ates poured a fire on Wood's left flank and forced it back,
and his right flank also was struck. The troops were with-
drawn. Johnson also assaulted, and he was wounded. The
assault was unsuccessful. The attempt of Palmer and the
4th corps to turn the Confederate right failed. During
the day, the Confederates came out of their w^orks and
attacked Newton, and were repulsed with loss.
The leading coi-ps of the Army of the Potomac crossed
the Pamunkey at Hanovertown the morning of ]\Iay 27th.
There was a cavalry fight at Hawes's Shop. The Federals
were reenforced and finally prevailed.
Battles around Dallas, May 28th. The Army of the
Tennessee attempted to withdraw from Dallas, so as to
move by the rear to the army's left, but Hardee attacked
heavily. The Confederates were repulsed. Troops of the
division of Wm. Harrow, Kentucky, repulsed an attack of
Confederates on their position.
Thomas, and Newton under him, were occupied In the
movement against Pine Mountain with almost daily severe
engagements, jNIay 28th to June 20th.
The two principal armies In Virginia confronted each
other at Totopotomoy Creek, May 28th to 31st.
May 29th Johnston intended a general attack, commenc-
ing on the Federal left, but Wood and Johnson were found
iiitrenched there. He demonstrated In front of New-
£00 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ton. The Army of the Tennessee was attacked unsuccess-
fully.
Henry was engaged about Bermuda Hundred May 6th
to 29th.
Totopotomoy, or Huntley's Corner, Va., May 30th. Lee
attacked the Federal left unsuccessfully, and the Federals
attacked in turn without important results. Tidball, Vir-
ginia, was engaged. Lee*s position being too strong, the
Federal army worked southeast.
T. S. Fillebroun, District of Columbia, commanded the
Passaic against Fort Sumter in ]\Iay, 1864).
Hunter advanced to Mt. Jackson by the last of May.
B. S. Alexander, Kentucky, was Chief Engineer of the
defenses of Washington from June 1st, 1864, to the end
of the War.
Ashland cavalry fight June 1st, 1864, w^as brought on
by Mcintosh, Florida, in a successful dash at the railroad
bridges over the South Anna. He fought with merit.
Hunter drove Imboden's cavalry out of New Market,
June 1st.
The Federal infantry reached the railroad at Ackworth
June 1st. Johnston fell back to a new line, with Brush
Mountain on the right. Pine Top standing forward near
the center, and Lost Mountain on the left. The Army of
the Tennessee marched down the railroad to near Brush
Mountain. Thomas bore toward Pine Top, and the Army
of the Ohio came against an outpost near Gilgal church
abreast of Pine Top. The Army of the Tennessee over-
lapped Hood. The Army of the Ohio penetrated between
Lost Mountain and Gilgal church. Its artillery took
Hardee in reverse.
Battle of Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, Va., June
1st to 3d. Lee changed face to the northeast at Cold
Harbor, his right being then down on the Chickahominy.
The 18th corps. Army of the James, reenforced the Army
of the Potomac. It had come by water to White House,
Va. The 6th and 18th corps reached Cold Harbor June
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 201
1st. The Confederates were forced back in places, and a
part of their outer hne of rifle-pits was occupied, but their
line was not materially damaged. Henry, Indian Terri-
tory, on the extreme right, led the assault of his brigade
upon the Confederate works. He had two horses shot un-
der him — one while leaping over the Confederate breast-
works. He carried the rifle-pits in front, but found the
position commanded by an earth- work on the right flank
and fell back.
Cold Harbor, June 2d. Breckenridge, Hoke and Pickett
had reenforced Lee. On the Federal right at Bethesda
church in the afternoon Early surmised that the Federals
were withdrawing from his front, and attacked, capturing
several hundred prisoners.
There was heavy artillery firing and skirmishing at Ber-
muda Hundred June 2d.
The gunboat Water Witch was boarded and captured
by Confederates June 2d in Ossabaw Sound, Ga. Austin
Pendergrast, Kentucky, commanding, was cut down in de-
fending her.
June 2d Hunter drove Imboden's cavalry through Har-
risonburg. Jones* troops began joining Imboden the night
of June 3d.
Battle of Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, June 3d.
The Federal attack along the whole front of nearly six
miles was begun on the Federal right, Birney supporting.
Early's corps on the Confederate left below Bethesda
church was attacked unsuccessfully. Lee's center was
attacked heavily. A line occupied by Kershaw, containing
an angle and otherwise weak, had been abandoned, the Con-
federates withdrawing to new intrenchments made during
the night, straightening the line. The attack upon the
straightened line was repulsed with carnage, and with in-
significant loss to the covered Confederates. Within eight
minutes thousands of men dropped. All three Federal
corps attacking were enfiladed on account of the Confed-
erate position. An order for a second advance was an-
202 FIGHTIxXG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
swcred l)y the troops under shelter moving forward, those
Ijing down firing. A third order was met by simply firing
where they lay. The Federals then attempted regular
approaches.
The Confederate line was broken on the right at one
point, but was at once restored. At Cold Harbor D. B.
Birney, Alabama; and T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, com-
manded divisions. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged 3d-5th.
Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade of
the 6th corps ; D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded
a brigade of horse artillery. Henry, Indian Territory ;
R. N. Bowerman, Maryland, and Mcintosh, Florida, were
engaged.
Around Dallas, May 25th-June 4th, Brannan and New-
ton were engaged.
An attack on the 2d corps was repulsed June 5th, Tid-
ball's artillery brigade participating.
Combat of Piedmont or Staunton, Va., June 5th. Hun-
ter, in a ten-hour battle, defeated the Confederates. The
Confederate left wing was doubled up by a flank attack.
Jones was killed. The Confederates lost about 1,500 men,
3 guns, and 3,000 stand of arms. J. R. Meigs, District
of Columbia, was engaged.
Hunter occupied Staunton, June 6th. Breckenridge's
command, sent by Lee, came and barred the way to Lynch-
burg at Rockfish Gap east of Staunton. Hunter moved
south in the Valley, making for Lynchburg that way. Con-
federate cavalry obstructed his progress and Breckenridge
moved to Lynchburg with the Blue Ridge between him and
Hunter. Hunter occupied Lexington, burning the Vir-
ginia Military Institute.
Cold Harbor, June 6th and 7th. Early made two ef-
forts against the Federal right flank and rear, but found
it well intrenched.
Trevilian Raid. June 7th cavalry of the Army of the
Potomac started from the Pamunkey against the Virginia
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 203
Central Railroad and to join Hunter, June 8th Hunter
formed a junction with two other commands at Staunton.
Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded
an expedition into the Atchafalaj^a River in June, 1864?.
In an engagement at Simmsport, La., June 8th, Confeder-
ates attacked him unsuccessfully.
June 8th F. P. Blair, Kentucky, with the 17th corps,
reached the army at Ackworth, Ga., having left 1,500 men
as a garrison at Allatoona. His corps was attached to
the Army of the Tennessee.
The night of June 8th Federal cavalry moved with J, R.
Hawley to threaten Petersburg, Va., from the City Point
road. They returned to Cit}^ Point on account of delay
to cavalry coming from the road south of Petersburg.
Petersburg lines, June 9th. Wise on the Confederate
left had the only regular soldiers. While Federal cavalry
appeared, S. P. Lee's gunboats opened fire on Fort Clifton
and other Confederate positions on the river. Federal
cavalry charged on the Jerusalem plank road from the
south. Artillery and cavalry reenforcements stopped and
drove them.
Petersburg lines, June 10th. In the effort to capture
Petersburg, cavalry carried works on the south side, but the
expedition failed. The Confederate line was a semi-circle,
with tlie ends resting on the river. It was weak. Short
and strong works were constructed later by Lee's army.
June 10th Palmer's corps advanced toward Pine Moun-
tain, and gained an eminence within artillery range.
Morgan, on a cavalry raid, had taken Mt. Sterling, Lex-
ington and Cynthiana, Ky. Hobson, Kentucky, came the
afternoon of the 11th to relieve Lexington. He was at-
tacked in front by Giltner, while Morgan assailed him in
the rear, and compelled him to surrender.
The Alabama, needing repairs, entered the port of Cher-
bourg, France, June 11th.
Cavalry Combat of Trevilian Station, Va., June 11th
20i FIGHTIxXG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
and 12th. The Federal cavalry, barred, returned to West
Point, Va.
Combat of Cynthiana, Ky., June 12th. S. G. Bur-
bridge, Kentucky, with 5,200 men, attacked Morgan at
Cynthiana, struck him hard and defeated him. Morgan
lost half of his command, and marched back to Virginia.
June 12th J. A. Winslow, North Carolina, commanding
the Kearsarge, learned at Flushing, Holland, that the
Alabama had arrived at Cherbourg.
The Federals started from Cold Harbor the night of
June 12th. Getty was in the march from the White House
to the James River.
Lee ordered Early to the Shenandoah Valley June 12th
to strike Hunter's rear and then threaten Washington.
Early was detached and started next day.
The Federal advance corps reached James River the
night of June 13th. The Army commenced crossing the
James next day, at W^ilcox's Landing. The 18th corps
was at Bermuda Hundred the 14th p. m. It crossed the
Appomattox River that night, and moved on the south
side against the Petersburg defenses without delay.
Pine Mountain, Ga., June 14th. The shot which killed
Polk, Confederate corps commander, is said to have been
fired by Thomas' order. That night Johnston abandoned
Pine Mountain.
Hulks were sunk at Trent's Reach in James River be-
tween June 15th and 18th to protect the Army of the
Potomac and the fleet from the Confederate fleet above.
June 15th Thomas marched through the abandoned
works at Pine Mountain, and Newton and another of
Thomas' divisions, with supports, carried an intrenched
skirmish line, and advanced nearly to Johnston's main line.
Newton was stopped. The other division, not being held
back, fought unsuccessfully till dark.
Battles of Petersburg, Va., June 15th to 18th, 1864.
There was some fighting by about 7 a. m. on the east.
The 18th corps appeared near Petersburg. Cavalry dem-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 205
onstratcd from the south, withdrawing when they beheved
the infantry were not going to attack from the east. Then
the infant r}' to the east attacked the Confederates. The
18th corps assaulted near sunset and carried the lines
northeast of Petersburg from the Appomattox River for
over two and a half miles. Hoke's division, returned by
Lee, reached Beauregard the evening of the 15th. The
Federals had flanked battery No, 5 on the Confederate
left. Hagood's brigade arrived and took position on a
new line closely in rear of the captured works. That night
Lee tented near Drewry's Bluff.
E. T. Nichols, Georgia, naval officer, successfully en-
gaged a Confederate battery at Four Mile Creek, James
River, June 16th.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was engaged in organizing
forces for the capture of Mobile and Forts Gaines and
Morgan June 16th to August 2d, 1864.
Hunter invested Lynchburg, Va., June 16th. Early
had marched to near Charlottesville by the 16th.
Battle of Petersburg, June 16th. The Confederate
lines in front of Bermuda Hundred were evacuated early
A. M., and troops marched to the help of Petersburg. The
Federals made a general assault after 5 p. m., the conflict
lasting for three hours. D. B. Birney, Alabama, stonned
and carried the ridge in his front. He broke the Confed-
erate line and effected a lodgment. The fighting was in
favor of the Confederates on their left, and seriously
against them on their right. The Federals bombarded
with pauses until morning.
Johnston moved his left back from Lost Mountain the
night of June 16th to a new line behind Mud Creek.
One of the brigades of Newton's division there captured
by a rush an intrenched line and its defenses.
The Federals had taken possession of the Bermuda Hun-
dred line when Bushrod Johnson left it for Petersburg.
Lee recaptured it the 16th and 17th, his army arriving
from north of the James.
g06 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Battle of Petersburg, June 17th. Fighting began early.
The Federals attacked early. They were repulsed three
times. They merely forced the Confederates into a strong
interior line. About dusk a part of the Confederate line
was wholly broken, and disaster was imminent to the Con-
federates, when Gracie's brigade arrived, leaped over the
Avorks, restored the line, drove the Federals back, and cap-
tured about 2,000 prisoners. The firing lasted until
shortly after lip. m.
Battle of Lynchburg, June 17th and 18th. Action of
Diamond Hill, June 17th. Early's advance division went
by rail to Lynchburg the 17th. Hunter attacked. J. R.
Meigs, District of Columbia, was engaged.
Battle of Petersburg, June 18th. During the night the
Confederates had fallen back to a new line on their left.
This withdrawal to the interior line delayed the attack
from early morning until noon. The attack had been or-
dered for 4 A, M. Confusion was caused by not finding
the Confederates in the old position. There were partial
unsuccessful attacks before noon. Lee's vanguard reached
the field in the a. m. His army was now south of the
James. Lee in person arrived at 11 :30 a. m. When the
grand attack was made at noon, two of his divisions had
reached the Petersburg lines. The attack Mas repulsed.
Another grand attack at 4 p. m. by the 2d, 9th and 5th
corps was repulsed. Later attacks by the 5th and 9th
corps were repulsed. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged in
the battles around Petersburg. Federals had possession
of James River up to City Point.
Battle of Lynchburg, June 18th. Hunter's efforts were
unsuccessful. He attacked right of the turnpike and was
repulsed. Early having gotten heav}' reenforcements to
L3nichburg, Hunter retreated the night of the 18th. The
rest of Early's men reached Lynchburg by rail late p. m.,
18th. D. H. Strother, Virginia; John S. Witcher, Vir-
ginia, and Carr B. White, Kentucky, were in the Shenan-
doah Valley campaign.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 20T
Action of Mud Creek, June 18th. T. J. Wood, Ken-
tucky, and John Newton, Virginia, threw forward a strong
Hne of skirmishers upon Johnston's new position, partly
sui'prised their opponents and took a portion of their
main hne. The success led Johnston to abandon his
position.
June 19th, 1864, John A. Winslow, North Carolina,
commanding the Kearsarge, fought the Alabama. The
marksmanship of the Kearsarge was of a high order. The
Alahavia was sunk. She had 9 killed in the battle, 10
drowned and 21 wounded. The use of chain armor pro-
tecting the Kearsarge was patterned from Farragut, who
used it with benefit in passing the forts to reach New Or-
leans.
Early drove Hunter's rear-guard through Liberty the
19th p. M. He afterward captured ten pieces of artillery.
Hunter retreated to and along the Kanawha River west-
ward to the Ohio River. Early, after a brief pursuit,
marched for Maryland.
Thomas, and Wood and Newton under him, were en-
gaged in battles and skirmishes about Pine and Kenesaw
Mountains, June 20th to July 2d.
June 20th Whittaker crossed Nose's Creek, and later
carried a wooded hill in his front, and barricaded and
held his position against repeated and furious assaults.
Confederates were driven back.
Brush Mountain, June 20th. The Federals attacked
the Confederates unsuccessfully.
The night of June 20th— 21st a brigade of the Army of
the James effected a lodgment on the north bank of the
James at Deep Bottom.
White House, Va., June 21st. J. J. Abercrombie, Ten-
nessee, was in command of the depot at White House in
June, 1864, being engaged in its defense against Hamp-
ton's Legion.
Early's pursuit of Hunter lasted through June 21st.
He then marched for Maryland.
208 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
The Confederate fleet came down the James River below
Dutch Gap June 21st in a demonstration.
Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, passed and si-
lenced Howlett house batteries on James River in June,
1864. There was a midnight bombardment.
Around Kenesaw Mountain, June 21st. Wood, Ken-
tucky, carried an intrenched hill-top, and then gained an
eminence which commanded the Confederate skirmish line,
and permitted the advance of the right of the 4th corps.
Johnston made three unsuccessful attempts during the
night to dislodge Wood. Johnston had moved his right
wing over to the left unknown to the Federals.
Battle of Weldon Railroad, Jerusalem Plank Road, Pe-
tersburg Lines, June 21st and 22d. Cavalry raid against
Lee's railroad communications captured Reams' Station
7 A. M. 22d.
On the Jerusalem plank road Confederates got in be-
tween the 2d corps, under D. B. Birney, and the 6th corps,
and thereby defeated the Federals. Birney was engaged.
Next morning Federal infantry advanced and reached the
Weldon Railroad without much opposition.
Combat of Culp's Farm, Culp's House, Ga., June 22d.
Thomas' troops at 3 a. m. drove Confederates from a hill
a mile in front of the center of the 20th corps. Hood made
a forced night march from the right flank to the left, and
attacked the Army of the Ohio and some of Thomas' troops
hard. He was repulsed. At 3 p. m. Confederates attacked
on Thomas' front and were repulsed. By pressure against
Johnston's flanks, he was forced to contract his lines, and
assumed the Kenesaw Mountain position, with his right
still at Brush Mountain.
Early started north June 23d.
Combat of Lafayette, Tenn., June 24th— 25th. Pillow,
with 3,000 men, called upon L. D. Watkins, Florida, to
surrender. He defended the town until reenforced by
Croxton, Kentucky, commanding the 4th Kentucky
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 209
mounted Infantry, when Pillow was finally repulsed. Wat-
kins showed courage and capacity.
Work by the Federals on the Petersburg mine com-
menced June 25th. The main gallery was 51 feet ; lateral
galleries — left 37 feet, right 38 feet.
New Hope Church, June 25th. Thomas' men were
engaged.
Deep Bottom, Va., June 27th. The 2d corps was
crossed to the north side of the James River the night of
June 26th with cavalry. On the 27th the Confederates
were driven from their intrenched position at Deep Bot-
tom, losing four guns.
Battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27th, 1864.
The Army of the Ohio crossed Olley's Creek, some distance
south, holding a large force to oppose it. The Army of
the Tennessee on the left did likewise. Thomas attacked
the Confederate center at two points south of Kenesaw.
Newton's division led one attack, another division partici-
pating. Palmer, Kentucky, made the other attack. One
attack was against Loring's left, the other against Cheat-
ham's front. Cannonading preceded. Newton's men went
far. A brigade stopped, was urged forward again, and
reached the Confederate works, but was repulsed. The
other division reached the Confederate works, but was com-
pelled to halt. The men were left in a critical position,
but Thomas had them construct defenses, keeping up a
vigorous fire to do it. Newton's troops were less exposed
in the advance but obstructions forced them to fall back.
Newton assaulted again unsuccessfully. A brigade cap-
tured one line of Confederate breastworks in the battle.
Palmer's men succeeded in making a shelter close to the
Confederate works. The attack had been repulsed. The
position assaulted is comparable in strength with the Cem-
etery at Gettysburg.
Saml. W. Price, Kentucky, signally led a regiment in
assault on a position on the Moulton and Dallas road,
210 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
capturing and holding it against large numbers until re-
enforced. Brannan won merit.
After this, the Army of the Tennessee was sent to join
the Army of the Ohio, and the cavalry to the Chattahoochee
River far below Johnston.
Early left Staunton June 28th.
Combat of Deep Bottom, June 28th. Confederates
attacked the Federals and checked them. The Federals
recrossed to the south bank of the James River, the nights
of the 28th and 29th.
G. W. Getty was engaged in an expedition to Reams
Station and the Weldon Railroad, June 28th to July 10th,
1864j.
Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, commanded the
four vessels in the army and navy expedition up the
Arkansas River, June 29th. At Clarendon, Ark., he de-
feated the Confederate batteries and troops.
Emory was in command of the forces at Morganzia in
June, 1864.
J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, and Henry, Indian Ter-
ritory, were engaged in the Army of the James in the
Petersburg campaign, June, 1864.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, commanded the artillery bri-
gade of the 2d corps in the Richmond and Petersburg
campaigns. May to July, 1864.
Early reached Winchester July 2d.
Johnston abandoned Ivenesaw Mountain the night of
July 2d. Thomas occupied Kenesaw Mountain July 3d
at daylight.
The Federal force in the Shenandoah Valley, Va., evac-
uated Martinsburg July 3d and retreated across the Po-
tomac at Shepherdstown that night.
Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, was engaged in naval opera-
tions in the Stono River, S. C, July 3d to 11th, particu-
larly the bombardment of Battei'y Pringle. T. S.
Fillcbroun, District of Columbia, commanding the Mon-
tauk, was engaged.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 211
Combat of Ruffs, Ga., July 3d— 4th. Thomas was en-
gaged in an assault at Ruffs the 4th.
Combat of Smyrna, July 4th. Thomas skirmished up
to the Smyrna works July 3d. There was some fighting at
Smyrna the 4th, demonstrating that Johnston was there
in force.
Federals evacuated Harper's Ferry the night of July
4th. Early demonstrated against Maryland Heights
from the Virginia side the 5th and crossed part of his com-
mand to Maryland at Shepherdstown.
Action of Chattahoochee River, July 5th. Thomas
was engaged.
Early menaced Maryland Heights on the Maryland side
July 6th. He occupied Hagerstown and Boonsboro.
Early's movements threatened Washington. Two divi-
sions of the 6th coi'ps were detached from the Army of the
Potomac, and the 19th corps, just arriving from New Or-
leans, was diverted to its defense.
Passage of the Chattahoochee River, Ga., July 6th to
10th. Newton, Wood and Brannan were engaged.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was put in command of the
19th corps, of the west, July 7th, 1864.
Bombardment of Fort Pringle, Stono River, S. C, July
7th to 10th. Engaged, Balch, Tennessee; Fillebroun ;
A. F. Crosman, Missouri, and Alex. A. Semmes, District
of Columbia. Semmes participated in the operations at
Charleston till its surrender.
Crossing of the Chattahoochee, July 8th— 9th. The
Federals feigned to the right and crossed on the left and
intrenched. Johnston crossed and burnt his bridges.
Thomas took the shortest line to Atlanta, with the Amiy
of the Ohio above him, and the Army of the Tennessee
still farther above, going by Roswell to Decatur — east of
Atlanta.
Early passed through Frederick, Md., July 9th.
Combat of jNIonocacy River, Md., July 9th. The P'ed-
crals took position behind the river. Confederate cavalr3-
212 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
crossed the river and struck their left flank, followed by
Gordon. The left was thrown back, opening the way to
the bridge near the center, where Ramseur now crossed, and
the small Federal force was routed. Early neared Wash-
ington the 10th. He detached troops to threaten Balti-
more, and A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Governor of Mary-
land, called out militia to defend it. French, Maryland,
was in command of troops assembled at Havre de Grace
during the demonstration against Washington.
L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, had been stationed at Nash-
ville for the protection of communications of the army
moving toward Atlanta. He had prevented Wheeler from
damaging the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. July
10th he started from Decatur, Ala., with the brigade of
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, and another brigade, marching
southeast on a raid far down in Alabama to Opelika, to
sever railroad communication with the west, and prevent
reenforcements and supplies from being received by John-
ston from the west.
Ord was in command of the 8th corps, and all troops in
the Middle Department, July 11th to 21st, 1864.
Early came up to the Washington works July 11th, which
were manned just as he was moving upon them. They
were weakly held before. Some of Emory's troops arrived
before 2 p. m. He defended the city that day and the
next, with Getty serving. M. C. Meigs, Georgia, com-
manded a division occupying trenches east of Fort Stevens,
July 11th to 14th.
Fort Stevens, Washington, D. C, July 12th. Early
remained the 12th and a Federal reconnoitering force from
the city in the afternoon was driven back. He commenced
retiring at night.
Thomas was engaged in crossing the Chattahoochee,
July 12th to 17th.
Getty was with the forces following up Early in his re-
tirement to the Shenandoah Valley, July 13th to August
9th. J. R. Kenly, Maryland, participated. Early re-
PIGHTLNG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 213
crossed the Potomac above Leesburg, Va., the morn of
the 14th. Bradley Johnson's detachment had threatened
Baltimore and had started for Point Lookout to try to
release the soldier prisoners, but had returned. Early
moved from Leesburg, after resting over the 15th, and
reached the Shenandoah Valley through Snicker's Gap.
July 16th Rousseau burned four storehouses and their
contents of provisions at Youngsville, Ala. July 18th he
sent out raiders on the Atlantic & Montgomery Railway,
who destroyed a large section, defeated a Confederate force
and took 400 conscripts. In nine days Rousseau had trav-
eled 300 miles. He was 100 miles in Johnston's rear.
Hood succeeded Johnston in command of the Confed-
erate army July 18th.
Battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19th-21st.
Wood constructed a bridge, and forced the passage of
Peach Tree Creek July 19th, driving the Confederates
from its defenses. Thomas' other troops fought their way
over.
Peach Tree Creek, July 20th. Thomas was in chief
command on the field. The battle was fought by the Army
of the Cumberland under his personal directions. Cross-
ing Peach Tree Creek one of his corps was divided. Two
divisions marched to connect with the Army of the Ohio,
leaving an interval of nearly two miles between Thomas and
his detached troops aligned with the Army of the Ohio.
Newton remained on Thomas' left. Next was W. T. Ward,
Virginia. Palmer's corps held Thomas' right. All having
crossed, were stretched along the creek. Hood sallied
from his Peach Tree line and struck the 20th corps, which
had just crossed Peach Tree Creek. Hardee on the right,
and Stewart on the left, in lines that overlapped Newton's
position, assaulted at 3 p. m. The battle was opened by
Hardee, falling on Newton. Newton and another general
of division made dispositions for defense. Newton placed
a four-gun battery and constructed slight rail barricades.
The Federals were surprised, and taken at much disad-
214 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
vantage in position. Most of Thomas' line had not had
time to barricade. A division struck Newton in front,
another passed his left flank and thrust itself between Pea-
vine and Peach Tree Creek, and a third attacked his right
flank. Whole battalions of Confederates went far into the
gap east of him. He first acted to repulse the attack on
his left, using reserve artillery. His soldierly eye, though
he had not anticipated an assault, had previously marked
a fine spot for artillery, and had led him to have two guns
placed there. The two guns so placed in reserve helped
beat back the flank movement when he was isolated.
Thomas, behind the creek, turned some reserve batteries
upon the Confederate battalions and cannonaded the thick-
ets that bordei'ed the creek, sweeping the valley as far as
the cannon could reach. The flanking Confederates broke
in confusion. Newton next repelled the front attack.
His rifles and cannon, with incessant firing, stopped and
repulsed it. One brigade which participated then changed
front at right angles, and engaged the third Confederate
division, which had advanced between Newton and the
troops on his right, and had faced east. Ward's division
now advanced from cover, and its skirmish line held the
Confederates in check until the whole division had reached
a hill to the right and rear of Newton. Ward drove back
the Confederates shattered. He advanced and filled the
interval on Newton's right and fortified. The attack
which swept on along Thomas' line was repulsed, though
the ranks were shaken in places. The Army of the Ten-
nessee was working to the east so rapidly that Cleburne's
division was taken away to help meet it. Stewart drove
Thomas' right from its works, and held them until driven
out by an enfilade fire of batteries placed in position by
Thomas.
Hood made a second general attack, commencing upon
Newton's left in the eff'ort to double up his line by taking
it in reverse as well as in flank. The crisis came with the
reappearance of Bate's division to the left and rear of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 215
Newton. Thomas hurried up the artillery of Ward's divi-
sion, in person urging the horses on, using his sword on
tlu'in, planted them alongside the two left by Newton and
then directed the action of the guns. They fired at short
range furiously, and the attack was repulsed there. The
battle passed on to the right, but the Federal line was now
compact, and the direct assaults failed. Charge after
charge was repulsed. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, on the
right was heavily attacked. Four divisions and a brigade
had withstood the heavy Confederate attacks. Thomas
was with the troops in the battle at points of extreme
danger. He exposed himself in different portions of the
field. Newton's conduct of his command was scientific, and
his valor was prominent.
Wood, to the left, beyond the two-mile gap, was some-
what heavily engaged during the afternoon.
A division of the Army of the Tennessee swept Wheeler's
cavalry back, until he made a stand at Bald Hill Knob,
where Cleburne came.
Ord, Maryland, was in command of the 18th corps, July
21st to September 30th, 1864, in the operations before
Richmond.
Battle of Atlanta, Ga., July 21st and 22d.
On the 21st Thomas brought forward his three corps.
Blair was ordered to seize Bald Hill. M. F. Force, Dis-
trict of Columbia, with support, charged the hill and car-
ried it, losing heavily. It was a high hill, which gave a
full view of the heart of Atlanta. Hood gave up the
Peach Tree line, and after dark drew back two corps into
the outer works.
Battle of Atlanta, or Decatur, July 22d. The night of
the 21st Hardee was sent south, then around the Federal
left flank until his rear was nearly past its extreme left.
The Confederate trenches having been deserted from Bald
Hill to Thomas' right, the Federals closed on Atlanta,
skirmishing. Blair held the left of the Federal line. A
Federal corps had remained for the night a mile or more
216 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
in rear of Blair's general line. It had sent a detachment
to hold Decatur, support the cavalry and take care of some
army wagons and had marched toward Atlanta. Fortui-
tously, one division was nearly parallel to Hardee's front,
so that when the skiniiish shots rang out, they had merely
to face about and were in a good line. Their position was
most fortunate. Hardee had to cross some open fields.
He had turned the left flank. Battle raged. About
3 p. M. Cheatham attacked the Federal left in front and
took possession of some Federal defenses there. Hood
attacked all along the east front of Atlanta. Blair's
corps, during the day, was attacked first from the rear,
then flank, and then front. It was beaten back at right
angles hinging at Bald Hill. The line of the Army of the
Tennessee was broken. The Confederates drove back a
portion of a division, and flanked the rest, causing the
whole division to break to the rear in confusion, losing
guns. The troops stopped their retreat at the line occu-
pied by them in the morning, and reformed. They,
Wood's division, and another brigade, recaptured some of
the cannon which had been lost. Wood struck the Con-
federate flank, breaking it. Blair repulsed a front attack.
He made his men spring to the reverse side of their
intrenchments ready to fire. They then fought other
Confederates from that side. M. F. Force, District of
Columbia, was conspicuous. He charged upon Confederate
works, and, after their capture, defended his position until
severely wounded. Hardee bore off eight guns. Cheat-
ham captured five guns. After fighting till night. Hood
withdrew. The Army of the Ohio and Thomas tried to
break through the Atlanta intrenchments during the battle
in vain.
Rousseau, Kentucky, arrived at Marietta, Ga., July 22d,
having come through by a long circuit, accomplishing his
raid through Alabama and Georgia. He suggested the
expedition, organized and commanded it. In 15 days he
traveled 450 miles, took and paroled 2,000 prisoners, killed
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS £17
and wounded 200, defeating a Confederate force at the
Coosa River, and captured 800 horses and mules. He
destroyed 31 miles of railroad track and many supplies.
He passed through Talladega, and destroyed the railroad
thence, and went 25 miles to Opelika, doing some harm to
the branch road.
Early established himself at Strasburg July 22d.
The State Convention of Federal Louisiana adopted a
new constitution July 22d, 1864.
Rousseau's cavalry was in a raid to Love joy Station,
Ga., July 26th to 31st, to destroy the railroad track in
Hood's rear.
July 28th E. T. Nichols, Georgia, naval officer, was en-
gaged in the shelling of batteries at Four-mile Creek.
July 27th the Army of the Tennessee was marching
around the rear of the other two armies to close upon
Atlanta on the southwest side near Ezra church.
Battle of Ezra Church, Ga., July 28th, 1864. Blair
occupied the center of the Army of the Tennessee. Hood
sent a force against the right of the Army of the Ten-
nessee. At 8 A. M. there was increasing skirmishing.
Hood attacked before the right had intrenched. Confed-
erates, in small force, passed beyond the extreme right.
Two regiments from Blair's corps, with repeating rifles,
and other regiments came to the rescue. The repeat-
ing rifles were remarkable in their execution. Cannon
were placed. Blair was watchful and helpful. The flank-
ing Confederates were killed or retreated, and the attack
spent its force. Hood withdrew within his fortified lines.
During the battle the Army of the Cumberland skirmished
heavily on its whole front as a diversion.
After this battle the Federal right was gradually worked
eastward and southward.
The latter part of July Canby, Kentucky, made ar-
rangements with Farragut to cooperate against Mobile,
Ala. In person he moved along the eastern shore of Mo-
bile Bay.
218 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Battle of the Crater, Petersburg Mine, July 30th. The
explosion was about 4 :30 a. m. Federal troops filled the
crater. Advances around its sides failed. The Federals
who reached the Confederate trenches on the sides of the
crater sought refuge with others in the crater. Mahone,
Confederate, charged on the crater at 2 p. m. and cap-
tured it.
Henry was engaged before Fort Harrison.
In July, 1864, Wm. K. Mayo, Virginia, took command
of the monitor Nahant in front of Charleston and discov-
ered the port was not closed to commerce entirely. A more
vigorous system was adopted with good results. During
July and August there were frequent engagements in the
James River between the fleet of S. P. Lee, Virginia, and
Confederate batteries.
After July, ISG-t, D. B. Birney, Alabama, commanded
the 10th corps. Army of the James.
Canb}"^, Kentucky, landed a division on the west end of
Dauphin Island, Mobile Bay, August 3d, and prepared
to besiege Fort Gaines.
August 4th Palmer felt part of Hood's line heavily.
One of Thomas' divisions pushed up against the Confed-
erates August 5th.
CHArTER VIII
Mobile Bay — Weldon Railroad — Jonesboro — Ope-
QUON — Fisher's Hill — Chaffin's Farm — Cedar Creek
— Marais des Cygnes — Hatcher's Run — Spring Hill —
Franklin — Nashville.
Battle of Mobile Bay, Passage of Forts Gaines and
Morgan, August 5th. Farragut, Tennessee, had the forts,
torpedoes, iron-clad Tennessee and three gunboats to en-
counter. P. Drayton, South Carolina, commanding the
Hartford, was his fleet-captain. Farragut had eighteen
vessels in all. The TecumseJi, Manhattan, Winnebago
and Clnchasaxv were monitors. Farragut's vessels were
lashed together in pairs. The fleet moved by 5 i^S a. m.
The Confederate vessels took position across the entrance
to the Bay and raked fore and aft, doing great damage.
The monitors were in advance. The Tecumseh was sunk
by a toi*pedo. The Hartford passed to the head of the
wooden vessels by Farragut's order, going over torpedo
ground. The Hartford and the Metacomet, commanded
by J. E. Jouett, Kentucky, lashed to her, passed the forts
and got into the Bay ahead of the others. The Confed-
erate gunboat Selma, in front, raked her fore and aft, as
she had to keep a narrow channel. The Tennessee came
near her, then turned and made for the fleet, some distance
behind, still in front of Fort Morgan. Jouett, at 8 a. m.,
was permitted to cut the Metacomet loose and attack the
Selma. The Metacomet was the fastest vessel in the fleet.
He overtook the Selma, closed with and captured her. He
exhibited coolness, promptness and good conduct. The
Gaines was crippled by the Hartford before the Selma sur-
rendered. The Gaines ran aground and was set on fire.
219
^20 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
The crew escaped to Fort Morgan. B. Gherardi, Louisi-
ana, coiiimanding the Fort Royal, joined in the chase of
the Morgan, Gaines and Sclma. W. P. McCann, Ken-
tucky, commanding the Kennebec, pursued the Morgan.
The Hartford reached the deep water of the Bay and
anchored. The Tennessee made for the fleet, which passed
the fort before she could reach them. The Kennebec,
laslicd to tlie Monongahela, rammed the Tennessee. The
Richmond, commanded by T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, follow-
ing the Hartford, was now ahead, with the others, except
the Brooklyn, half a mile astern. The Tennessee sheered
off from the Brooliyn, and put two shells through and
through her sides. The Richmond gave the Tennessee
three broadsides, but they were harmless. The fleet
anchored around the Hartford, except four vessels, which
had put after the Confederate gunboats. The Tennessee^
after remaining near Fort Morgan, came against the fleet.
Attempts were made to ram the Tennessee injuriously, the
Monongahela striking her with an iron prow, knocking it
off^, and the Lackawanna with a wooden prow. They were
harmless. The Tennessee made for the Hartford. The
two slid against each other. A shot from the Chickasaw
cut the Tennessee's rudder-chain. She was not steerable
thereafter, and her fighting career was ended. From the
time the Hartford struck the Tennessee, the latter did not
fire a gun. The Tennessee surrendered at 10 As m. 280
captives were taken with the Tennessee and Selma. The
small gunboat Philippi, in attempting to run by the Fort,
was sunk, and was afterward burned by the Confederates.
Drayton showed marked fighting capacity in the battle.
Gherardi was cool and courageous. Ed. Donaldson,
Maryland, commanded the Seminole.
J. C. P. DeKraff't, District of Columbia, commanding
the Conemaugh, fought Fort Powell, Mobile Bay. Fort
Powell was evacuated the night of August 5th.
The great fighting career of Farragut is capped by his
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 221
conduct of the battle of Mobile Bay. The presidential
election was coming on, and, if there were to be no success
of the Federal forces, the Avar party had no show of win-
ning. Lincoln in the presidency was at stake. The battle
of Mobile Bay brightened the outlook. After it, the
armies in Georgia were not required to march against INIo-
bile, following the capture of Atlanta, and were free to
proceed with other plans. The battle stopped blockade-
running into Mobile. 104 guns and 1,464 men were taken
in the operations.
Canby, Kentucky, was engaged in land operations
against Mobile between August 5th and 23d.
August 6th R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, was given com-
mand of the 14th corps. Hood felt Thomas' line from
right to left.
Fort Gaines, Mobile Harbor, surrendered August 7th as
a result of Farragut's victory. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia,
was engaged there.
August 7th Johnson's corps advanced, carried a line of
rifle-pits and established a line close to the Confederate
works. Confederate cavalry moved against the Federal
communications. Wheeler recaptured Dalton and Resaca
and destroyed railroads. Forrest also did great damage in
Tennessee. Rousseau, commanding at Nashville, set to
work to foil them.
Emory, Maryland, was engaged in following Early from
Washington to the Shenandoah, opposing him till large
Federal reenforcements arrived, August 7th. Early with-
drew to Fisher's hill before the Federal advance. He had
just entered INIaryland again. The Federals withdrew to
Halltown when Early, in turn, was reenforced.
Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay. Troops and guns were
landed by the Federals at Navy Cove August 9th. Far-
ragut's fleet attacked the Fort, bombarding daily.
August 9th there was a great cannonade of Atlanta.
The Federal Shenandoah Valley army started south from
222 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
near Harper's Ferry August 10th, aiming at Early's line
of retreat. Getty was in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug-
ust 10th to December 2d.
Combats of Deep Bottom, Va. Birney's corps, and
the 2d corps and cavalry were sent over James River the
night of August 13th to threaten Richmond from the
north side of the James.
Combat of Deep Bottom, August 14th. D. B. Birney
participated on the left — next James River — gaining
some advantage and taking four guns. George B. Dandy,
Georgia, fought well.
By August 14th troops had approached within 700
yards of Fort Morgan. By the 15th Canby's men had
erected several batteries of heavy guns on the land ap-
proach.
Craven, District of Columbia, commanding the Niagara,
captured the commerce-destroyer Georgia near Lisbon
August 15th.
Combats of Deep Bottom, Bayliss Creek, Va., August
16th to 18th. Birney was on the right. He carried the
Confederate lines and captured 300 men. Later the Con-
federates drove him back. Incidentally, the weakening of
Lee's forces south of the James aided the Federals in seiz-
ing the Weldon Railroad.
J. R. jNIeigs, District of Columbia, was Chief Engineer
to the middle military division in the Shenandoah cam-
paign, August 17th to October 3d.
Battles of the Weldon Railroad, August 18th to 20th.
Globe Tavern, Va., August 18th. Federals moving to the
Weldon Railroad were confronted by Confederates. At
first, they were forced to fall back to prevent the turning
of their left flank ; then they drove the Confederates and
held the railroad.
Globe Tavern, August 19th. Federals were attacked by
Lee, who seized part of their line. Federals were re-
enforced and regained nearly all of their ground. The line
of the 5th corps was drawn back about a mile, August
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 223
20th. The force north of the James recrossed the night
of August 20th.
Weldon Railroad, Globe Tavern, August 21st. Lee
assaulted the intrenched Federals. Hagood's brigade got
inside the works on the Federal left, and part of them
were captured. Lee gained an advantage, with large cap-
tures, but the Federals held on.
Reams Station, August 21st-22d. The 2d corps de-
stroyed the track for some distance.
Action of Charlestown, August 21st. Getty lost con-
siderably.
By August 21st Canby's troops had approached within
200 yards of Fort Morgan.
Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, August 22d. There was
heavy bombardment by Farragut's fleet and Canby's guns.
T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was engaged. All but two of its
guns were disabled. It surrendered August 23d. The
garrison was 400 men. Jenkins was left in command of
]\Iobile Bay Division until February, 1865.
R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, Avas Chief of Cavalry, Mili-
tary Division of the Mississippi, August 22d to October
27th, 1864. He was dispatched to Nashville to equip and
forward cavalry from that station.
Weldon Railroad. The 2d corps had burnt some miles
of track when notified August 24th that Confederates were
moving to the Federal left.
Battle of Reams Station, Va., August 25th. The Fed-
erals had an intrenched camp. Lee made a reconnoissance
at 2 p. M. He attacked the Federal right there twice and
was repulsed. At 5 p. m. Hill opened with artillery. The
Federals were attacked on their right and lost the line
and artillery. They retook some of the line by means of
a line formed at right angles, and sweeping down. The
Federal left was put to flight. Lee failed to drive the
Federals from a new line, and rcenforcements came to
them before dark. The}- retreated after dark.
Elwell S. Otis, Maryland, commanded a regular brigade
224 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
in operations around Petersburg, and, during the early
fall of 1864, on and near the Weldon Railroad. A rifle
ball passed through the left side of his head, while serv-
ing on the line of the Weldon Railroad.
August 25th the investment of Atlanta was abandoned.
One corps was left to protect communications. The
others wheeled to the south against the railroad to the
southeast, which was the Confederate line of communica-
tions. The Army of the Tennessee at the extreme south
aimed at Jonesboro, not fortified, 26 miles below Atlanta
on the railroad. It neared Jonesboro and Hardee faced it.
Expedition of Sterling Price, Confederate, August 28th
to December 2d. Leaving Camden, southern Arkansas, he
moved north through central Arkansas and northeastern
Arkansas ; north through eastern Missouri to the out-
skirts of St. Louis ; west across the entire State, appearing
before the intrenchments of the Capital — Jefferson City ;
south along the western border of Missouri, passing for a
short distance into Kansas ; south through western Arkan-
sas, into Indian Territory, across it toward the center into
Texas ; through Texas some distance ; then into Arkansas,
ending not far from the starting point. He fought at
Pilot Knob, Jefferson City, Lexington, Boonville, Little
and Big Blue, Westport, Osage and Marais des Cygnes.
Hunter's command of the Department of West Vir-
ginia ended August 29th.
Battle of Jonesboro, August 30th, 31st and September
1st. August 30th a Federal attack upon Lewis' brigade
was repulsed.
One of Thomas' divisions reached the railroad southeast
of Atlanta. A part of Thomas' army was attacked by
Hardee's and Lee's corps, which were repulsed.
Jonesboro, August 31st. Hardee attacked the Arm}' of
tlie Tennessee and was repulsed. Blair's coi'ps was in the
center. Rude breastworks were made and Hardee again
failed. The Federals struck the West Point road and
then the Macon road.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 225
Battle of Jonesboro, September 1st. The Federal arm-
ies were concentrated upon Jonesboro. Thomas, join-
ing the left of the Army of the Tennessee, mainly fought
the day's battle. The 14th corps of the Army of the
Cumberland, under Thomas' personal directions and or-
ders and in his presence, attacked Hardee's corps, posted
beliind intrenchments, and carried the works. One of
Johnson's divisions carried its entire front. It was the
most complete and successful assault upon formidable
works of the whole campaign, and led to the relinquish-
ment of Atlanta next day. Nearly 1,000 men, 8 guns
and seven battle flags were captured. Brannan, District
of Columbia ; Newton, Virginia, and Wood, Kentucky,
were engaged in the assault of the intrenchments.
Rousseau pursued Wheeler in Tennessee, September 1st
to 8th.
Occupation of Atlanta, September 2d. The 20th corps,
of Thomas' command, entered Atlanta. The Confed-
erate forces had been drawn away. Hood then took
position at Lovejoy's Station, 30 miles southeast of At-
lanta. During the night Hardee fell back to Lovejoy's
station.
Lovejoy's Station, September 2d. Part of Thomas'
army attacked the Confederates. Wood reached their po-
sition near 6 p. m. He was severely wounded, but did not
leave the field. Ne^i:on was engaged.
The vigilance of Canby had prevented trans-Mississippi
troops from joining Hood.
In the Atlanta campaign Palmer, Kentucky, and John-
son, Kentucky, commanded the 14th corps and Blair the
17th corps. Brannan was chief of artillery of Thomas'
army. Newton, Virginia; W. T. Ward, Virginia; Wood,
Kentucky ; Wm. Harrow, Kentucky ; H. M. Judah,
Maryland commanded divisions. Kenner Garrard, Ken-
tucky, and E. H. Murray, Kentucky, commanded cavalry
divisions. The bravery of Brannan, Whittaker, and Wil-
liamson, Kentucky, was recognized. E. W. Crittenden,
226 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Kentucky ; Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri ; Theo. Jones, Dis-
trict of Columbia ; Jas. S. Martin, Virginia ; Durbin Ward,
Kentucky ; Wm. Vandever, Maryland ; Chas. Candy, Ken-
tucky ; Eli Long, Kentucky ; T. J. Harrison, Kentucky ;
M. F. Force, District of Columbia; John T. Croxton,
Kentucky ; Jas. P. Brownlow, Tennessee ; Jos. A. Cooper,
Kentucky, and T. J. Henderson, Tennessee, were engaged.
Vandever was at Rome from May 22d. Long operated
in north Alabama to June 6th. There were more than
thirty Federal Kentucky regiments in the Atlanta cam-
paign.
Brannan arranged artillery for the defense of Atlanta.
Newton was engaged in the occupation of Atlanta.
The Shenandoah Valley army moved forward from
Charlestown September 3d.
Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th. Morgan, the Con-
federate cavalry leader, was surprised and killed while on
an advance to attack Alvan C. Gillem, Tennessee, at Bull's
Gap, Tenn. Gillem found Morgan in a house in Greene-
ville. He was killed attempting to escape.
September 7th Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, was
evacuated.
In September, 1864, S. P. Lee, Virginia, spoke about
the Albemarle, and two plans were submitted to him for
her capture or destruction. Lee approved one and had it
placed before the Navy Department at Washington. The
purchase of suitable vessels was ordered.
September 8th Price crossed the Arkansas River at
Dardanelle on his way to Missouri.
The Federal army was concentrated in Atlanta Septem-
ber 9th.
In the operations around Petersburg Federals drove
picket lines across the plank road, and advanced their
permanent line half a mile, September 10th. Henry was
engaged in the operations around Petersburg from June to
September, 1864.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 227
Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, was senior officer of the
outside blockade off Charleston September 15th.
September 18th part of Early's army was before Mar-
tinsburg.
Battle of Winchester or Opequon, September 19th,
1864. At daylight the Federals crossed the Opequon.
Early was attacked on his left flank and front. One bri-
gade was driven back, but the position was regained.
Then the Confederates forced the attacking body off.
This was about 11 a. m. Rodes was killed in the Confed-
erate attack. Breckenridge's part of the army reached
the field from IMartinsburg about 2 p. m. Emory's corps
broke the first line of the Confederate left and threw it into
confusion. Emory posted a regiment in a projection of
wood, with orders not to fire until the pursuing Confed-
erates should have passed them. As they thus received a
volley from behind, a volley from their front sent them
back. The Federal center was driven back. The line was
restored. After a lull, Federal cavalry got in the left rear
of the Confederates. The Federals were outflanking the
Confederate left. The Confederate line there fell back,
and a new line was formed. The 8th corps or Army of
West Virginia, advanced against the left and again the
cavalry got to the left rear. The line there gave way,
and Early fell back through Winchester, formed a new
line, checking the Federals until darkness ended the at-
tack, then retired to Newtown. Getty was valiant and
useful in the battle. Mcintosh, Florida, played a signal
part, losing a leg. The fighting of I. H. Duval, Virginia,
was of merit. J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was en-
gaged.
By night September 20th Emory and others were on
the heights of Strasburg.
September 20th Forrest started against Federal posts
and communications in Tennessee. He captured Athens,
Ala., and 500 prisoners. September 21st Hood shifted
228 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
his position to Palmetto Station — 25 miles southwest of
Atlanta, preparatory to a campaign against the commu-
nications of the army at Atlanta. When Hood started
against communications Newton was sent to Chattanooga.
Fisher's Hill, Va., September 22d. A force of the Fed-
erals was marched to Little North JNIountain, near the left
flank. They struck Early's left and rear so suddenly as
to cause his anny to break and retreat. This was near
sundown. Getty fought with spirit. His division did
good work. J. R. Meigs was engaged. At Opequon and
Fisher's Hill the Federals captured 21 guns. That night
the Federals followed Early to Woodstock. 995 Con-
federates were captured. The Federals pushed Early
through Harrisonburg and Staunton, but Early never
crossed to the east of the Blue Ridge.
By September 24th the Federals had followed the Con-
federates to Mt. Jackson, where they were driven from a
strong position. The Federal cavalry struck Staunton and
Waynesboro, then retired before Early. The Valley was
now devastated from Staunton to Winchester.
Combat of Fort Davidson, Pilot Knob, or Ironton, Mo.,
September 26th— 27tli. Price skirmished the 26th and at-
tacked the Fort 27th. Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, com-
manded infantry forces at Pilot Knob courageously. Price
was repulsed, but the Federals evacuated that night. They
dropped back, and Price attacked the defenses of St. Louis,
some miles south of the city. He was repulsed. He then
moved toward Jefferson City. The enrolled militia of cen-
tral Missouri were called out, and troops were concen-
trated at Jefferson City.
Newton and another division were sent September 28th
to contend against Forrest in Tennessee. Next day
Thomas was ordered back to Stevenson and Decherd to
look after Tennessee, protecting communications.
Fort Harrison, Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 29th.
The night of September 28th, the 10th corps under D.
B. Birne}^ and the 18th under Ord were crossed to the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 229
north side of the James River. On the 29th they car-
ried the strong foi'tifications and intrenchments below
Chaffin's farm, known as Fort Harrison. Ord vaHantly
stormed the Fort. He was severely ^vounded. Birney at-
tacked the works at Spring Hill, on New Market Heights.
The defenses were strong — abatis, marsh and redoubt.
They were carried by a bayonet charge. This was the
key-point to the Confederate defenses. 15 guns had been
captured and the New Market road and intrenchments, a
position from which Richmond was seriously threatened.
Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia, was engaged at Fort Harrison.
Fort Gilmer was then attacked, but the Federals were re-
pulsed with loss. Wm. Birney, Alabama, was engaged.
Poplar Springs Church, Va., September 30th. D. B.
Birney took the Confederate works. Moving to the left,
the troops were attacked and forced back until supported
by those holding the captured works. The Federal cavalry
was attacked and repulsed the Confederates.
Rousseau, Kentucky, went after Forrest, and stopped
him from damaging the railroad between Tullahoma and
Decherd. At Pulaski, Tenn., he repulsed Forrest the last
of September. Forrest pushed on to Columbia, where
Rousseau confronted him, saving Columbia. Rousseau's
movements circumvented Forrest.
Battle of Fort Plarrison, September 30th and October
1st. Lee assaulted Foi't Harrison several times unsuccess-
fully September 30th and October 1st, losing about 2,000
men and 7 battle-flags. Birney intrenched the ChafBn's
Bluff line. Ord and Birney had advanced their lines to
within seven miles of Richmond.
Action of Carroll Station, September 30th— October 1st.
A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, drove Vaughn out of his works.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command on the Mis-
sissippi River from its mouth to Memphis, October to De-
cember, 1864.
Hood crossed the Chattahoochee River at Campbelltown
October 1st, and moved northwest on Dallas, a detachment
230 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
destroying fifteen miles of railroad track above Marietta.
He sent French's division against Allatoona. The Fed-
eral armies at Atlanta followed Hood. One corps was left
at Atlanta.
Action of King's Salt Works, near Saltville, Va., Oc-
tober 2d. In September S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky, ad-
vanced through eastern Kentucky and up the Big Sandy
River upon the salt works. At Liberty Hall, Va., Giltner
met him, and delayed him so that Breckenridge got to the
salt works first. Burbridge attacked on the 2d. He was
repulsed and fell back, pursued to the Louisa Fork of the
Big Sandy.
Thomas arrived at Nashville October 3d. He con-
verged four columns upon Forrest. Rousseau and John
T. Croxton, Kentucky, commanded two of the columns.
Forrest turned south and withdrew across the Tennessee
River. When Hood moved north Thomas made disposi-
tions against him.
Combat of Allatoona Creek, or Allatoona Pass, Ga., Oc-
tober 5th. Reenforcements had arrived from Rome, and
the Federals held the place, losing heavily, while the Con-
federate loss was somewhat more. Wm. Vandever, Mary-
land, at Kenesaw Mountain, succeeded in signaling over
the heads of the Confederates a message to hold on ; that
the main army troops were on the way.
Action of Darby town Road, near Fort Harrison, Va.,
October 7th. Federal cavalry were driven back with heavy
loss. The Confederates captured nine guns. They then
attacked the Federal infantry hne there and were re-
pulsed.
Defense of Jefferson City, Mo., October 8th. Price at-
tacked the defenses, but, being closely pursued from St.
Louis, left, moving up the Missouri River. A. Pleasanton,
District of Columbia, contributed to his decampment.
Troops of the Department of Kansas were collected to de-
fend against Price. 24 regiments of Kansas militia were
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 231
hastily organized. Pleasanton was among those following
him.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was in command of the 9th
corps artillery brigade from October 9th, 1864, to April
2d, 1865.
Horatio G. Gibson, Maryland, was in command at Lou-
don, Tenn., October 12th to November 18th, 1864.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, relinquished command of the North
Atlantic Squadron October 12th, 1864, having held it since
September, 1862.
Hood by a circuit reached Resaca October 12th. He
summoned it to surrender, but did not attack. He de-
stroyed the railroad for twenty miles. He took Dalton,
October 13th. The Federal army from Atlanta followed
to Resaca, then turned west to intercept Hood. Hood es-
caped to Gadsden, Ala. The Federals stopped at Gayles-
ville, Ala., about fifty miles to the northeast. Hood, after
a short pause, crossed the mountains and went to Decatur,
Ala. ; finally opposite Florence, Ala.
Combat of Darby town Road, Va., October 13th. The
Federals lost heavily, going against new works being con-
structed by the Confederates on the line of the Darbytown
Road. J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, was engaged.
Preparations were made for the march through Georgia,
to reach a new base, with a view to joining the forces
around Richmond, the inland march of a thousand miles
being too long to attempt. Under date of October 19th
Thomas was put in command of all the Military Division
of the Mississippi except the army which was to march
through Georgia. He was asked to defend the line of the
Tennessee during its absence. W^hen Hood appeared at
Decatur, the 4th corps was sent to Thomas. When Hood
went to Tuscumbia, the 23d corps was started for Ten-
nessee, to follow his orders.
Battle of Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th. The 8th
corps held the Federal left; Emory with the 19th corps
232 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the center; Getty with the 6th coi-ps the right. At dawn,
Early attacked the 8th corps in front and around the
rear, and quickly passed on to the rear of Emory. It was
a fatal surprise. The 8th corps was gone in a few min-
utes. Emory made an attempt to foi'm a line, but un-
successfull3% His corps repulsed the first show in their
front. When the Confederates appeared in their rear,
they retreated a mile and a half, when, the pursuit having
stopped, he formed a line. Getty made a show of resist-
ance. After the rout of the 8th and 19th corps, when
Pegram and Ramseur were before the front of the 6th
corps, Wharton advanced against its left, but fell back
before its efforts. Cavalry on the right met Confederate
cavalry sent by Early to make a demonstration there.
Getty's infantry made itself felt on the Confederate ad-
vance. The artillery with the cavalry was the only artil-
lery left to the army. All not captured had been sent to
the rear. The 19th corps had gone to the west of Get-
ty's coi'ps and moved north, while Getty fell back before
the Confederates, Getty was thus falling back to a po-
sition at Emory's left. Emory's corps had fallen back
another mile and prepared for action. The men threw
up rude breastworks. Emory repulsed an attack at 10
A. M. Two of Getty's divisions had retreated to Emory's
line by 11 a. m., and then had been gotten back. Getty's
own division was at the front. This division and the
cavalry were the only troops left resisting the Confed-
erates. Wharton had been ordered to form his division
and hold the Federal cavalry around Middletown in check.
About noon Emory was ordered to fall back to his final
rear position. WHiile facing the Federal position two
miles north of INIiddletown Early ordered the captured ar-
tillery, arms and wagons sent back. The cavalry attacked
the Confederate right several times. The Federal cavalry
had formed, and had arrayed itself on the Confederate
right, having advanced to that position. After the Fed-
eral line had been formed, the cavalry on the Federal left
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 233
charged, scattering the Confederates in their front. The
successful Federal advance was late in the afternoon. The
Confederate end-brigade was not in touch with the next,
and the Federals pushed in between. The division of J.
W. jNIcMillan, Kentucky, on the extreme right enveloped
the Confederates. Emory helped strike the Confederates
when they were flanked and driven. His first division later
formed nearly at right angles with the Confederate front,
so that it was able to crowd them back. The cavalry
charged the Confederate right unsuccessfully. A small
part of the Confederate force on the left, with artillery,
held the Federals in check some time. Ramseur was mor-
tally wounded, and the artillery' ammunition gave out,
the balance of the left gave way, and Early ordered the
right to retire. A rout ensued, the Federals reaching their
morning camp. Early lost artillery on the field, and a
large part of the artillery he lost was at night south of
Cedar Creek near Strasburg, by a cavalry attack, along
with the breaking of a bridge. Altogether he lost almost
all his artillery and trains.
Getty commanded the 6th corps during part of the
battle. Besides, he commanded a division of it. C. H.
Tompkins, Virginia, commanded its artillery brigade with
honor. Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, commanded a di-
vision. W. H. Ball, Virginia, was heavily engaged.
David Shunk, Mar3land, commanded one of INIcMillan's
brigades. D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded
horse artillery. Wm. B. Curtis, ]Maryland, and INIilton
Wells, Virginia, were engaged.
Emory and Gett}-, forming new lines after the morning
rout, formed thcrcbj- a quick barrier between the Confed-
erates and Washington, with a fleeing army in the back-
ground, and the overthrow of the Lincoln government
yawning beyond at the election to occur just then.
October 20th Early's infantry marched for New Market
at 3 A. M. His cavalry held Fisher's hill until after 10
A. M. After this battle, all of Early's army was sent away.
234. FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
except Wharton's division and cavalry and artillery. He
established himself at Staunton.
Lexington, Mo., October 20th. Resisting Price till
night, the Federals fell back to the Little Blue River.
Little Blue, INIo., October 21st. Price engaged the Fed-
erals, and they fell back, the stream being fordable above
and below.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, was ordered to the command of the
Mississippi Squadron October 21st. A. M. Pennock, Vir-
ginia, was in command of the Mississippi Squadron for a
short time before Lee took command.
Action of Big Blue River, October 22d. Just as the
Federals were being driven from the line of the Big Blue
by Price, A. Pleasanton's cavalry came up, and attacked
Price's rear east of Independence, routing it. Pleasanton
sent forward a message giving notice of his arrival. That
night Price's army encamped on the west side of the Big
Blue, just south of Westport.
Near Westport, October 23d, there was fighting over an
area of five or six square miles nearly all day. By sun-
down Price was retiring. He entered Linn county, Kan-
sas, at once. Pleasanton was in command of cavalry pur-
suing Price toward Fort Scott, Kan.
Battle of Little Osage or Marais des Cygnes, near
Mound City and Mine Creek, Kan., October 25th. Price
placed his artillery, supported, on a high mound in the
prairie. Pleasanton charged with dash, broke the Confed-
erate line, routed the force on the field, and captured eight
guns. Generals Marmaduke and Cabell and about a thou-
sand men. Retreating, Price was closely pursued by the
Federal cavalry, his rear-guard being almost constantly un-
der fire.
Decatur, Ala., October 26th. Hood moved from Gads-
den and attacked Decatur. He skirmished there October
27th.
In accordance with the plan adopted by S. P. Lee, the
Albemarle was blown up the night of October 27th. She
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 235
sank in eight feet of water. Her upper works were above
water. The torpedo launch was the plan of W. W. W.
Wood, North Carolina. The torpedo used had been intro-
duced by him. It contained a grape shot.
Battle of Boydton Plank Road or Hatcher's Run, Va.,
October 27th. The whole Federal army except the men
necessary to hold the line was moved by Lee's right flank.
The passage of Hatcher's Run was forced. The Federals
reached the Boydton plank road where it crosses Hatch-
er's Run — six miles from the Southside Railroad. They
were reaching for it. Finding Lee's fortifications extend-
ing on, they attempted to withdraw. There was a gap
left between the 2d and 5th corps. Lee made a powerful
attack on the right and rear of the 2d corps, which was
faced to meet it. The conflict was deadly. The Federals
withdrew that night to their old position.
Combat of Darbytown Road and Fair Oaks, Va., Oc-
tober 27th. In support of this Hatcher's Run movement,
the Federals made a demonstration north of the James,
attacking the Confederates unsuccessfully on the Williams-
burg road, and carrying a work on the York River Rail-
road, which was afterward abandoned.
Combat of Morristown, Tenn., October 28th. Alvan C.
Gillem, Tennessee, defeated the Confederates, taking 500
prisoners and 13 guns.
At Newtonia, in southwest Missouri, October 28th,
Price made another stand, and was driven from the field
with heavy loss. This was the second combat in severity
of his campaign.
Hood continued the investment of Decatur October 28th
and withdrew at 4 a. m. 29th.
The occupation of the Tennessee River by S. P. Lee's
vessels prevented Forrest from crossing and moving east
to join Hood, and Hood was thus prevented from cross-
ing the Tennessee River at Guntersville in eastern Ala-
bama, and moving on Stevenson and Bridgeport, and on
Nashville earlier than he did. Hood went to Florence in-
236 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
stead, crossing one division October 30th. John T. Crox-
ton, Kentucky, was watching on the north bank of the
Tennessee River with other cavalry. He detected Hood's
crossing and reported it to Thomas. Croxton led his bri-
gade of only 1,000 against the Confederates, and then
posted it for observation. He helped drive Confederate
cavalry back upon the infantry at Florence. Thomas or-
dered reenforcements to Croxton and made combinations
against Hood. Thomas' advance infantry was at Pulaski
when Hood started from the Tennessee River. He directed
the concentration of both his corps on Pulaski, with intent
to impede rather than seriously contest Hood's advance
on Nashville.
At Johnsonville, Tenn., on the Tennessee River west of
Nashville, Forrest caused the destruction of three gunboats
and eight transports, October 30th to November 4th. He
then moved south on the river to Clifton. Through an in-
tercepted dispatch from President Davis to Kirby Smith,
Canby prevented him and Magruder with Confederates west
of the Mississippi River from crossing and reenforcing
Hood in the fall of 1864.
A. L. Chetlain, jMissouri, was in command of the post
and forces of Memphis, Tenn., from October, 1864. He
recruited and organized colored troops of Kentucky and
Tennessee, raising a force of 17,000 coloi'cd troops.
John Newton, Virginia, was in command of the District
of Key West and Tortugas, Fla., from October, 1864, to
the end of the War.
J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was temporarily in command
of the jNIilitary Division of West Mississippi in Novem-
ber, 1864.
Price crossed the Arkansas River above Fort Smith with
a few pieces of artillery. His army was much reduced.
Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, was elected governor of
Missouri in November.
November 3d Thomas ordered the 23d corps from
around Chattanooga by rail to Nashville.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 237
Nashville Campaign. November 4th Croxton was driven
across Shoal Creek by Hood's advance, he having driven
Croxton back from the Tennessee River and laid a pontoon
bridge across it.
The advance of the 23d corps reached Nashville Novem-
ber 5th.
In November, 1864, Bragg was placed in command of
the Department of North Carolina.
Emory was in permanent command of the 19th corps
from November 7th to the end of the War.
November 12th telegraphic communication between
Thomas and the army in Georgia was severed. Thomas
sent the 23d corps by rail from Nashville south to the
vicinity of Pulaski, arriving there November 13th. The
4th coi'ps was already in Hood's way. The two corps
were united, and, under Thomas' orders, faced Hood near
Pulaski.
Action at Bull's Gap, near Morristown, Tenn., Novem-
ber 13th. Gillem, Tennessee, repulsed two attacks, and
Avas then defeated by Breckenridge, who took his artillery
trains and baggage. Thomas directed a force against
Breckenridge to drive him into Virginia, and try to de-
stroy the salt works at Saltville, and the railroad as far
into Virginia as practicable. The force was made up of
infantry and dismounted cavalry under Jacob Ammen,
Virginia ; Gillem's Tennessee force, and mounted troops
under S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky — 4,200 men in all. A
detachment was sent into North Carolina to hold the
mountain passes.
Forrest came up at Florence November 14th.
March to the Sea. The combined anny set forth No-
vember 15th.
Wheelci*'s cavalry came up November 16th.
H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was engaged in opening com-
munication from Knoxville with troops engaged at Straw-
berry Plains November 18th-20th.
Hood advanced from the Tennessee River toward Nash-
238 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ville November 19th. November 20th Thomas directed
that his army near Pulaski prepare to fall back to Colum-
bia. November 22d, under his orders, it started back.
Croxton, November 23d, helped cover the retirement from
Pulaski to Columbia, having a severe fight at the junction
of the roads to Pulaski and Campbellsville, maintaining his
position. Thomas made dispositions for the defense of
the line of the Duck River. He was trying to delay Hood
till he could receive reenforcements at Nashville. The
Federals gained Columbia only by a night march. A di-
vision of cavalry was formed under R. W. Johnson, Ken-
tucky.
John W. Da\'idson, Virginia, was in command of a
cavalry expedition from Baton Rouge, La., to Pascagoula,
November 24!th. He moved from Baton Rouge to Tan-
gipahoa, where he broke up the railroad, destroying
bridges, etc., pushing on to Franklinton and West Pas-
cagoula, taking some prisoners and causing alann for the
safety of Mobile.
Columbia, Tenn., November 26th and 2Tth. The anny,
under Thomas' orders, faced Hood at Columbia. He
pressed the Federal lines. The Federals crossed the Duck
River the night of the 27th.
Land and Water Expedition up Broad River, November
28th, against the railroad connecting Charleston and Sa-
vannah, in support of the army marching to the sea.
Balch, Tennessee, commanded the Pawnee. E. 0. Mat-
thews, Maryland, commanded the naval artillery. Com-
munication was opened with the army.
November 28th, reports indicating Hood's intent of
crossing Duck River and movement to north of Colum-
bia having been received, Thomas directed, when confirmed,
the army should withdraw to Franklin. Forrest crossed
Duck River the evening of November 28th, and Hood fol-
lowed next day.
J. J. Reynolds. Kentucky, was in command of the De-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 239
partment of Arkansas, November 29th to the end of the
War.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, kept open communication by the
Cumberland River when the safety of Thomas, during
Hood's advance, depended largely on his prompt receipt
of reenforcements and supplies.
Combat of Spring Hill, Tenn., November 29th. At 1
o'clock the Federal cavalry reported to the army at Duck
River that Hood's infantry, it was believed, would begin
crossing Duck River at daylight, and advised retirement to
Franklin. At 3 :30 Thomas, at Nashville, sent such orders.
Before sunrise Confederate Cheatham's corps was crossing,
five miles east of Columbia. Wood's division was crossed to
the north side to support the cavalry in holding the fords
above. Two divisions were sent toward Spring Hill, while
the trains and spare artillery were sent back, covered by
them. Hood was crossing Duck River during the early
hours. One of Wood's brigades, sent east for observation,
reported the crossing of Duck River by the Confederates.
The division which Newton had commanded till shortly be-
fore this went on to Spring Hill. One brigade was de-
ployed and drove back the Confederate cavalry. Another
was posted on a wooded knoll nearly a mile to the east. A
heavy infantry force attacked this brigade. Hood had
now passed the army's left flank, and the division con-
fronted was twelve miles from the main army. The Con-
federates were in force. Confederate cavalry struck a
train at Thompson's Station — three miles north. The
third attack upon the brigade to the east succeeded. Its
right flank was overlapped. It rallied and reformed at
Spring Hill. The Confederates came on and were can-
nonaded. Although Confederate cavalry were on the
main road to Franklin, both north and south of Spring
Hill, and infantry were in force menacing a long stretch
of the road, Hood's infantry failed to occupy the road,
and the Federal army passed by, retiring north. Confcd-
240 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
erates feinted during the day at efforts to lay a pontoon
bridge and force a crossing at Columbia. The nearest aid
to the Federal division at Spring Hill was seven miles
south — at Rutherford Creek. All the other Federal
troops were still at Duck River. Whittaker's brigade and
other troops arrived about 7 p. m. Whittaker was placed
to cover a cross-road a mile or two below Spring Hill.
He assisted in holding the turnpike against Hood's
advance. The 28th Kentucky regiment of Wliittaker's
brigade did special service in helping to keep Hood's ad-
vance from the turnpike. At 11 p. m. Thomas tele-
graphed to Franklin for the withdrawal of the army at
once should the Confederates attempt to get on the flank
with infantry.
The army all night long was marching past Spring Hill
and Hood's army on a parallel road near by. Croxton,
Kentucky, with cavalry, covered the retirement with skill
on the 30th. Forrest's cavalry suri'ounded and made fre-
quent dashes upon the rear infantry brigade unsuccess-
full3\ Wood's division protected the train at Thompson's
Station in an extremity from a cavalry attack. It had
been deployed on the east of the road at 3 a. m. Whit-
taker liad been posted where the Confederate line was near-
est to cover the passing of troops still in the rear.
Battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30th. By noon
the army, except the rear-guard, had reached Franklin.
Croxton's cavalry were pushed back by infantry on the
Lewisburg pike. He resisted until 2 p. m., then moved
to his left and crossed the Harpeth River to resist For-
rest, who was striking for the rear of the army. At 4 p. m.
Hood's grand attack was made. Two brigades remained
between Hood and the Federal main line, about half a
mile from the latter. Before this great force they were
routed, and the Confederates rushing after them entered
the broken lines in the Federal center. Two captured bat-
teries were used to enfilade the Federal line, and the Con-
federates began to gain ground right and left. A brigade
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 241
and the 12th and 16th Kentucky regiments, who had
sprung forward, by the fiercest hand-to-hand fighting re-
gained the works, an achievement of special note. Some
other troops turned and helped. The attack here of the
Confederates was finally repulsed. The command of the
4th corps devolved on Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky. He
was the ranking officer south of the river at the time, and
commanded with decided ability. Eight guns were re-
captured. Stewart reached the works near the Federal
left. Simultaneously with Hood's infantry assault, his
cavalry advanced. Forrest, north of the river, was held in
check. Croxton helped oppose Chalmers' cavalry, while
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, looked to the left and rear.
Chalmers was forced back across the river. Hood at-
tacked the right of the Federal Hne again and again un-
successfully. The 44th Missouri regiment, to the right of
the first break, had the greatest loss. Whittaker was on
the right, and was engaged. Hood made attack after at-
tack till after night. Forrest was held in check during the
day and night. Hood's assault had mostly failed, but the
Federal army fell back during the night toward Nashville.
Thos. J. Henderson, Tennessee, fought bravely and well.
Jas. I. Gilbert, Kentucky, showed bravery.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, was asked by Thomas November
SOth to patrol the Cumberland River. He had vessels
move up the Cumberland to Thomas' support. The flag-
ship was stopped at Clarksvllle by low water. He kept
open army communications. He also vigilantly guarded
the lower Mississippi against the intervention of trans-
Mississippi forces.
Combat of Honey Hill or Grahamsville, S. C, November
30th. The Confederates checked and worsted the Feder-
als, who retired during the night toward the gunboats.
The Federals had been sent from the sea-coast to obtain a
foothold for the army marching to the sea, and to cut
off Confederate reenforcements from Savannah. E. 0.
Matthews, Mar3^1and, commanded naval light artillery at
2i2 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Honey Hill. A. F. Crosman, Missouri, naval officer, was
engaged. G. W. Smith's Confederate command reached
Savannah at 2 a. m. the 30th.
December 1st, Wood acted as rear-guard. The army
reached the Nashville works that day. Jos. A. Cooper's
brigade came in after a narrow escape. Troops from Mis-
souri, except two or more regiments engaged at Franklin,
were just arriving. Thomas did not have an army at
Nashville until December 1st. He had been concentrating
other troops upon Nashville. The men were from many
commands and not coordinated. Wood was in command
of the 4th corps in the later operations around Nashville.
Hood appeared before Nashville the 2d and took position.
Combat of Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 5th. L. H.
Rousseau, Kentucky, repelled Forrest's cavalry and Bate's
division of Infantry. The Confederates lost sensibly.
Combat of Deveaux's Neck, S. C, December 6th to
9th. Crosman was engaged.
December 9th the Federal army was close against the Sa-
vannah fortifications.
Under full instructions from Thomas, the force directed
against Breckenridge advanced December 9th, and pushed
him back into Virginia. H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was
engaged under Ammen covering the movement into south-
west Virginia.
Glllem, Tennessee, was engaged In an action near Wythe-
ville December 10th. About 4,000 cavalry entered south-
west Virginia through east Tennessee. The Federals oc-
cupied Bristol and Abingdon, Va., and advanced upon
Wythevllle, where lead mines were.
Fort McAllister, near Savannah, Ga., was captured by
the Federals December 13th. They then occupied Hutch-
inson's Island, crossed the Savannah River below Savan-
nah, and established works on the South Carolina shore, al-
most within range of the Confederate line of retreat.
At Kingston December 13th Gillem badly defeated a
Confederate force.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 'MS
Battle of Nashville, Tenn., December 15th and 16th,
1864. Thomas' battle plan was for a force on the ex-
treme left to threaten the Confederate right early that
morning, and for the entire right wing to make a grand
left wheel, assaulting, and, if possible, overlapping Hood's
left. Wood, Kentucky, with the 4th corps, was to form
the pivot and threaten, if not attack, Montgomery Hill, a
prominence in advance of the Confederate main line. The
23d corps was to be in reserve near the left center. Jas.
L. Donaldson, Maryland, had organized quartermaster and
commissary forces as soldiers, and commanded a division
embracing them. The army moved before daylight. The
force on the left kept Cheatham on the Confederate right
employed. S. D. Lee was held in position by Wood's
menace, except two brigades sent to the Confederate left.
Thomas' cavalry worked around Hood's left, the infantry
right wing joining its left. The Confederate skirmishers
fell back before the advance of the right wing and Wood.
Thomas approved Wood's plan of attack. About 1 p. m.
the 4th corps, under Wood, assaulted Montgomery Hill.
It carried the work, taking some prisoners. The position
was strong and was Important to Hood's line. The ascent
in front was abrupt. Wood's troops attacked principally
by the left, and gained the top. Wood handled his men
in handsome style. The whole line swept forward there,
and many prisoners were taken. A work on Hood's ex-
treme left was taken, and the Confederate line in that quar-
ter gave way. Thomas' reserves were sent to prolong the
infantry right and enable the cavalry to work around the
Confederate rear. The brigade of Jos. A. Cooper, Ken-
tucky, then lost more than the losses of the rest of the
23d corps during the two-days' battle when, on the right,
he made a charge and met a force intended for a counter-
blow. Thomas' cavalry, making a wide detour, beyond
Hood's left, dismounted and advanced upon his flank and
full in the rear, capturing works and guns. At this, ac-
cording to plan, Thomas' infantry lines assaulted. Hood's
244 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
left was driven, losing 17 guns — his center still held. It
was shelling. Wood, ordered to assault, battled with his
whole corps. His guns converged their fire on a fortified
hill near Hood's center. Then one of his divisions
charged, carried the intrenchments and took the hill, cap-
turing guns and prisoners. On the left also Thomas
gained ground. Hood's whole center and left were forced
to abandon their works. They fell back to the Granny
White pike. Hood's left was forced back several miles to
a new position at the foot of the Harpeth Hills. The re-
treating line was followed by Wood's entire corps, by the
right wing and by the cavalry. Croxton, Kentucky, cov-
ered and relieved the Federal right and rear. The at-
tack upon Hood's right had led him to draw troops from
his center and left. Night soon fell. Bate had come from
Hood's right when the redoubts were assaulted at Hood's
left, and at dusk Cheatham's corps was moved from Hood's
right to his left, and a line was taken for the army some
two miles in rear of the morning position. It was a
stronger position. Thomas took 17 guns and 1,200 men
during the day. During the night Hood worked to estab-
lish his new lines.
Thomas and S. P. Lee, Virginia, were actively co-
operating, and the river was so eff^ectively patrolled above
and below the city, under Lee's directions, by gunboats that
crossing was impossible. R. W. Johnson's cavalry, with
the cooperation of Lee's gunboats, drove Confederates
from their established batteries on the Cumberland River
below Nashville. Johnson's valor was exhibited.
Nashville, December 16th. The day opened with an
advance by Wood as he moved forward at early dawn,
driving skirmishers, until he confronted Hood's new line of
defenses on Overton's hill. At one point his corps came
near the salient at Overton's hill. The other corps took
position on his left and right. At noon, attack was fully
developed upon this and adjacent elevations. Hood's left
was turned again, Thomas' cavalry passing beyond it, gain-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 24-5
ing the rear and securing a lodgment on the Granny White
pike. Wood permitted a brigade with supports to charge
Overton's hill. They failed with much loss. Hood had
sent a division from his left to withstand attacks here.
The cavalry, having reached Hood's rear, were moving
north to the rear of his left flank. They reached it, got
two guns in position, shelled Bate, and charged against
him just as Thomas' infantry in front were climbing the
hill. The picture is that of the dismounted cavalry com-
ing up in the rear of Hood's left flank, while the infantry
charges from its front and west side, and the position is
carried, with 27 pieces of artillery. After the cavalry
had gained Hood's left and rear, they captured a dispatch
from him ordering Chalmers to drive them thence or all
was lost. Between 3:30 and 4 p.m., when cavalry and
artillery were at work on the rear of Hood's left flank,
Thomas ordered the infantry advance. The men ran
from the cavalry down the hill to the right and rear.
There was a general charge. After the works had been
taken to Wood's right, he and the left wing renewed the
assault on Overton's hill and swept all before them. The
Confederates broke all along and fled in disorder. Eight
more guns were captured. Wm. R. Marshall, Missouri,
led his brigade in a charge on the Confederate works, and,
on horseback, was among the first over the breastworks and
among the gunners, capturing the Pointe Coupee battery
of four brass pieces on the Hillsboro pike, and pursuing
the Confederates a half mile. Croxton, in reserve when
the Confederates broke, was ordered to mount and push
without delay through Brentwood. He encountered
Hood's cavalry, which delayed the Federals until infantry
passed and a rear-guard was in place. Hood partly re-
formed at Brentwood. Johnson was ordered to move rap-
idly by the Hillsboro pike, and, after crossing the Harpeth
River, to turn up its south bank and fall upon the Con-
federates at or near Franklin. At Nashville, a Kentucky
and a Tennessee regiment each captured four guns.
04G FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
In the Nashville battles, Kenner Garrard, Kentucky,
connnanding a division, was conspicuous and efficient.
Among those engaged were Whittaker, Jas. I. Gilbert, T.
J. Harrison, and Durbin Ward, all of Kentucky.
This was the decisive battle of the War. Estimated by
it Thomas shows well among the world's captains. Col-
lecting and organizing a sufficient cavalry in advance of
the battle, and tasking every usable force in a way to gain
the greatest combined weight were heavy labors. This
victory put the Federal administration at ease in regard
to the place — around Savannah, Ga., — where the great
army was at this juncture.
Action at Marion, Va., December 16th. Gillem, Tennes-
see, routed Vaughn and pursued to Wytheville, destroying
the lead mines there.
Thomas began pursuit of Hood December 17th. Wood
was the leading infantry in the pursuit, using his artillery.
In Hood's retreat from Tennessee, Wood handled his
troops with ability. Late in the evening, Hood's rear-
guard made a stand a mile north of the West Harpeth
River, and was driven. Johnson's division struck the Con-
federates at Franklin, and they left 1,800 wounded and
200 Federal wounded to fall into Thomas' hands. Thomas
requested S. P. Lee to send gunboats up the Tennessee
River to head off Hood. The operations of the squadron on
the Tennessee prevented Hood on his retreat from crossing
up to the head of navigation. December 18th Thomas
ordered troops to Decatur to push Hood from that direc-
tion, threatening his communications from west of Flor-
ence.
Thomas organized various raiding expeditions, and sent
troops to other departments, December, 1864<, to May,
1865, which materially contributed to the final overthrow
of the Confederates.
Action of Marion, Va., December 18th. Breckenridge
held his position with about one thousand men during the
day. During the day the Federals detached a force which
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 217
destroyed the salt works at Saltville. A Tennessee regi-
ment did the work. The Federals then withdrew. Much
war material was captured and much property destroyed
by Thomas' expedition into Virginia.
In the pursuit of Hood, R. W. Johnson and Croxton
tried to reach around the Confederate rear-guard and
strike a column at Spring Hill, but were stopped by Ruth-
erford Creek being up. All the Federal cavalry were
delayed at Rutherford Creek and then at Duck River by
a flood.
Rousseau, with 8,000 men, defended Fort Rosecrans
during the Nashville campaign.
Savannah was evacuated by the Confederates December
20th. Hoke's division left Lee for Wilmington, N. C,
December 20th. The Federal squadron arrived in sight
of Fort Fisher, protecting Wilmington, December 20th.
December 21st Farragut, Tennessee, was made Vice-Ad-
miral.
The Federals entered Savannah December 21st. In the
March to the Sea Blair, Kentucky, commanded the 17th
corps. W. T. Ward, Virginia, commanded a division.
After the capture of Savannah, 6,000 men were sent from
Lee to Hardee. Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, was in
command of the district of Missouri, at St. Louis, after
the occupation of Savannah.
Powder on the old gunboat Louisiana was exploded near
Fort Fisher the night of December 23d, intended to dam-
age the Fort.
At Buford's Station, while Hood's rear-guard and For-
rest were confronted and engaged on the turnpike, Crox-
ton, Kentucky, struck the flank, causing it to retreat
rapidly, and capturing a number of prisoners. The pur-
suit of Hood was resumed south of Duck River the 24'th.
The gunboats under Lee had reached Chickasaw, Miss.,
December 24th, and soon after captured two guns from a
battery at Florence.
CHAPTER IX
Fort Fisher — Dabney's Mills — Bull's Bay Expedi-
tion — Averysboro — Bentonville — Fort Stedman —
Five Forks — Petersburg — Selma — Sailor's Creek —
Farmville — Mobile — Appomattox — Capitulations op
THE Confederate Armies and Fleets.
Battle of Fort Fisher, December 24th and 25th, 1864.
The navy had convoyed troops to Fort Fisher. The ves-
sels were more than seventy in number. They bombarded
on the 24th. The bombardment was continued on the
25th, and a brigade was pushed forward to within a few
hundred yards of the Fort. Smaller vessels covered the
disembarkment of the troops. Some important guns on
the Fort were destroyed. At Fort Fisher Wm. Radford,
Virginia, commanded the New Ironsides and the iron-clad
division of the squadron. He led the way. A. W. Wea-
ver, District of Columbia, commanded the Chippewa;
Bache, Powhatan; J. M. Frailey, Maryland, Tuscarora;
F. M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, Unadilla; D. B.
Ridgely, Kentucky, Shenandoah; Jas. H. Spotts, North
Carolina, Pawtucket; B. F. Sands, Maryland, Fort Jack-
son; Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, Ticonderoga, and
John H. Upshur, Virginia, A. D. Vance. The Iosco under
John Guest, Missouri, was effective. A. R. McNair,
Louisiana, was engaged.
December 25th Forrest drove back T. J. Harrison's
skirmishers and captured a gun. Croxton and others fell
upon his flank and drove him from the field.
Stono River, December 25th. G. B. Balch, Tennessee,
in the Pawnee, was victorious.
Hood reached the Tennessee River December 25th.
248
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 249
After he crossed the Federal cavalry started from Decatur,
Ala., and overtook hmi, destroying his pontoon train and
all of his wagons, and capturing several hundred pris-
oners.
French was in garrison at Fort McHenry, December
2Tth, 1864, to January 5th, 1865.
The force from Thomas' anny reached Decatur De-
cember 28th. Thomas' pursuit was suspended at Lexing-
ton, Ala., the same day.
Canby, Kentucky, prevented the armies west of the Mis-
sissippi River from crossing, as ordered, to aid Johnston,
and then Hood in the Nashville campaign. He did this by
holding the best crossings with strong detachments, and
keeping a floating army, in conjunction with the gunboat
fleet, in constant motion up and dowm the Mississippi.
Canby sent Davidson, Virginia, in an expedition to Jack-
son, Miss., in December.
E. O. Matthews, Maryland, naval officer, was in engage-
ments at Tulifinny Cross Roads in December.
In the Federal armies before Petersburg and Richmond
up to December 31st Ord commanded a corps and Getty,
Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, and Wm. Birney commanded
divisions. Others participating in the operations were A.
W. Denison, Maryland ; H. A. Morrow, Virginia ; Henry ;
Hawley ; Milton Wells, Virginia, commanding a West Vir-
ginia brigade; W. B. Curtis, Maryland, and Andrew W.
Evans, Maryland. Tompkins and Tidball commanded re-
spectively the artillery brigades of the 6th and 9th corps.
Thomas' 23d corps, starting January 2d, went to Wash-
ington. Later, it was sent against Wilmington, N. C.
Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, was at Savannah, Jan-
uary 5th to 29th, supplying and refitting the army there.
It started north from Savannah January 6th, 1865.
January 6th, 1865, vessels sailed from Fortress Monroe,
Va., for Fort Fisher, with 9,000 troops. They arrived off^
Beaufort January 8th.
Ord, Maryland, was in command of the Army of the
250 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
James and Department of Virginia and North Carolina,
January 8th, 1865, to February 6th, and of the Army of
the James and Department of Virginia thenceforward to
the end of the War, being engaged in the various opera-
tions around Petersburg, occupation of Richmond, and
pursuit of Lee to Appomattox. He also commanded the
24th corps in the closing engagements.
Hood's army went into camp at Tupelo January 10th,
1865.
Battle of Fort Fisher, January 13th to 15th, 1865.
Attacking Fort Fisher was the most formidable armada
ever assembled, about 70 vessels, and about 9,000 soldiers.
The iron-clads under Radford, Virginia, were sent in to
engage the Fort January 13th. They took the Fort's
fire and fired back. The rest of the fleet was occupied that
day till 2 p. M. landing troops and stores. Upshur, Vir-
ginia, of the gunboat A. D. Vance, was charged with the
duty of landing troops and stores, provisioning the army
and protecting its flank with the lighter gunboats. In
the afternoon the fleet opened a terrific fire. Iron-clads
kept up a slow fire through the night.
Fort Fisher, January 14th. The bombardment con-
tinued through the day and night, badly damaging the guns
of the Fort. The army was approaching on the river
side, partly covered by the formation of the land.
Fort Fisher, Grand Bombardment and Assault, January
15th. The assault by sailors, on the northeast face, failed.
Wm. Radford, Virginia, commanded the iron-clad division
and the New Ironsides. She used her 11-inch guns with
great effect in firing into the traverses filled with Confed-
erates who were resisting the advance of the Federal sol-
diers after the sailors' assault had failed. This confused
the Confederates. The traverses were cleaned out. Rad-
ford showed high ability in fighting, maneuvering his vessel
and taking care of his division. His vessel did more exe-
cution than any other. The bombardment was unprece-
dented. Before noon but one heavy gun remained
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 251
serviceable in Fort Fislier on the land face. Sailors and
marines approached on the ocean side while the army
worked nearer on the land side. The marine attack was
repulsed. G. M. Bache, Powhatan, commanded the right
wing in the sailors' assault on the sea-face of the works.
He was severely wounded. The army got within the Fort
from the land side, and the fighting continued until after
night fell, when the garrison was withdrawn to Fort
Buchanan. The fleet had well aided the land forces, who
had gained a lodgment in the work. The Confederate
vessels had spiked the guns, and taken the means of trans-
port, and Lamb's soldiers, over 2,000, had to surrender,
with 169 guns. Wilmington was the only open blockade-
running port in the hands of the Confederates toward the
close of the War.
At Fort Fisher Weaver, District of Columbia, com-
manded the iron-clad Mahopac; D. B. Ridgely, Kentucky,
commanded Shenandoah; Steedman, Ticonderoga; J. M.
Frailey, Maryland, Tuscarora; Upshur, Virginia, A. D.
Vance and reserve division ; F. M. Ramsay, District of
Columbia, Unadilla; John Guest, Missouri, Iosco; J. H.
Spotts, North Carolina, Paxctucket; B. F. Sands, INIary-
land. Fort Jackson. A. R. McNair, Louisiana, was en-
gaged.
Pocotaligo Bridge, S. C, was taken by the Federals
January 15th. Blair's corps was taken by water from
Savannah to Pocotaligo, whence he menaced Charleston.
The night of January 16th— 17th the Confederates blew
up Fort Caswell, on the right bank of the Cape Fear River,
near Wilmington.
Operations against Mobile. Canby, Kentucky, was or-
dered January 18th to move against Mobile. The 16th
corps was detached from Thomas' headquarters. The bad
condition of the roads had stopped his pursuit of Hood
at Eastport, Ala., in January.
The defenses on the west being strong, Canby deter-
mined to approach JNIobile on the east, where he would
252 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
have the full benefit of the cooperation of the navy. The
principal works were Spanish Fort, commanding the mouth,
and Blakely, commanding the head of the Appalachee.
The movement was in two columns — one from Dauphin
Island under Canby in person, and the other from Pensa-
cola. There were about 32,000 men with Canby, and
about 13,000 in the other column. Wm. P. Benton, Mary-
land, commanded a division in the campaign.
In the Nashville campaign, from September 7th, 1864,
to January 20th, 1865, Thomas captured 11,857 men,
and 1,332 were exchanged, and took 72 guns and 3,079
small arms. He received the oath of submission of 2,207
deserters.
Seven brigades of Hood's army and some artillery were
sent to Mobile. 5,000 of the soldiers joined Johnston
in North Carolina. About 9,000 are said to have left the
ranks between Tupelo and North Carolina. Forrest's cav-
alry went to Mississippi.
January 22d the Confederates sent a party down the
James River to examine the river obstructions. January
23d the Confederate fleet proceeded down the river to
Trent's Reach. The Fredericlsburg passed the obstruc-
tions, but the Virginia and Richmond ran aground. They
Avere discovered at daybreak, and the Federal Battery, Fort
Parsons, opened on them. The Onandaga, which on the
approach of the Confederate vessels had retired down
the river, now returned and joined in the attack. With
the flood-tide the Virginia and Richmond were floated off^,
and withdrew up the river. Confederate gunboat Drewry,
and a torpedo launch, were destroyed. The armor of the
Virginia was penetrated. That night the Confederate
fleet came down again, but retired after hot firing from the
batteries on the banks. They started down at 6 p. m.
The Fredericksburg passed obstructions at 1 :15 a. m.
She returned and anchored above the Virginia. The land
batteries began firing before day. On the second trip the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 253
exhaust pipe of the Virginia and smoke-stack were found
so riddled as to fill the gundeck with smoke and steam,
which was the cause of the Confederates returning. The
pilots of the Virginia were blamed.
H. G. Gibson was in command of Knoxville and a bri-
gade from January 28th, 18(55, to the end of the War.
January 28th, 1865, the vessel of Wm. Radford, Vir-
ginia, did more execution than any other vessel in the fleet.
Pope was in conmiand of the Military Division of the
Missouri from January 30th, 1865, to the end.
The Federal army started on the march through the
Carolinas February 1st.
From February, 1865, to the close, Benj. F. Sands,
Maryland, commanded the division blockading the Texas
coast.
Lee was made commander-in-chief of the Confederate
forces February 2d, 1865.
Battle of Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Va., February
5th to 7th, 1865. The Federals had some severe fighting
with the troops of A. P. Hill and Gordon, extending in-
trenchments. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was gallant
and of service. He was severely wounded while bearing
colors of a regiment in rallying troops. By February 7th
the Federal lines were extended to Hatcher's Run.
The 16th corps was started from Eastport February
6th against Mobile.
The designation of the Department of Virginia and
North Carolina was changed to the Department of Vir-
ginia February 8th.
The 23d corps arrived at Fort Fisher February 9th.
February 9th, Balch, Tennessee, with the Pawnee, So-
noma and Daffodil, ascended Tagodo Creek, North Edisto,
S. C, and engaged three batteries of 11 or 12 guns, driving
Confederates from their earthworks. The Pawnee was hit
ten times, Sonoma twice and Daffodil twice. T. S. Fille-
broun, District of Columbia, commanded the Sonoma.
254 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
James Island, S. C, February 10th. From 2,000 to
3,000 of the Federal right column effected a landing on
James Island, two miles from Charleston.
February 10th Palmer, Kentucky, was given command
of the IMilitary Department of Kentucky, relieving S. G.
Burbridge, Kentucky.
Bull's Bay Expedition, February 11th. Fabius Stanly,
North Carolina, commanded the naval forces, mounting 68
guns and 13 field-pieces. Its success was followed by the
fall of Charleston. Balch, Ridgely, Fillebroun, A. A.
Semmes, District of Columbia, and A. W. Johnson, District
of Columbia, were in it.
Rousseau, Kentucky, was given command of the District
of Middle Tennessee, headquarters Nashville, February
12th.
Lee assumed supreme command of the Confederate
forces February 17th.
Columbia, S. C, was captured and destroyed the night
of February 17th.
Charleston, S. C, was evacuated Febniary 17th. Gus-
tavus H. Scott, Virginia, took part, with the Canandaigua,
in the reduction of Charleston. He was senior officer at
its surrender. Weaver was on advanced picket at Charles-
ton when it was entered the 18th. A. A. Semmes was en-
gaged in the fall of Charleston. Jos. M. Bradford,
Tennessee, was concerned. Wm. K. Mayo, Virginia, was
present.
Fort Anderson, Cape Fear River, N. C, was attacked
by water February 18th. It was abandoned the 19th.
It was half way between Fort Fisher and Wilmington. Ed-
ward E. Stone, Georgia, commanded the Monitor Montauk,
foremost vessel at the capture. He was slightly wounded.
The Montauk bore the fire some hours. The squadron
captured Forts Strong and Lee near Wilmington. F. M.
Ramsay, Unadilla, and Spotts, Pawtucket, were in several
engagements with Fort Anderson and other forts on Cape
Fear River. Wm. C. Wise, Virginia, conunanded the flag-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 255
ship Malvern in attacks on Forts Strong and Anderson,
and various operations on the Cape Fear River.
The Confederates abandoned Wihnington, N. C, Feb-
ruary 22d. The 23d corps and other forces occupied it
the same day. Some of the corps were sent to New Bern,
and moved thence via Kinston to Goldsboro to open the
railway. The main forces moved directly on Goldsboro.
Communication with the army marching up from Savan-
nah was instituted via river from Wilmington to Fayette-
ville about the 23d.
February 23d Thomas arrived at Eastport with instruc-
tions to fit out an expedition of 5,000 or 6,000 cavalry
to demonstrate upon Tuscaloosa and Selma in favor of
Canby's operations against ]\Iobile and central Alabama.
February 25th Johnston succeeded Beauregard in com-
mand of the forces in North Carolina.
February 27th Thomas was actuated to have cavalry
again raid into Virginia, and destroy the railroad as far
toward Lynchburg as possible.
Federal cavalry marched south in the Shenandoah Val-
ley February 27th to Staunton, Va.
T. S. Fillebroun, District of Columbia, was in engage-
ment with batteries in Tagodo River, February, 1865.
S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, was in temporary
command of the Department of West Virginia, February-
March, 1865.
Cornelius K. Stribling, South Carolina, commanded the
Eastern Gulf Blockading Squadron, February, 1865, to
the close of the War.
Combat of Waynesboro, Va., March 2d, 1865. Fed-
erals overcame Early with weak resistance, capturing the
supplies, ammunition and a great part of the force. Geo.
L. Gillespie, Tennessee, was among those engaged. The
Federals proceeded to destroy the Virginia Central Rail-
road, and the James River canal.
Cheraw, S. C, March 3d. F. P. Blair, Kentucky, cap-
tured 25 ^ns.
256 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
John Newton, Virginia, fought an action at National
Bridge, near St. Marks, Fla., March 6th.
Battle of Kinston, N. C, March 8th to 10th, 1865.
Jackson's Mills, Wilcox's Bridge, Wise's Fork. Sam. P.
Carter, Tennessee, commanded the left wing. Hoke's divi-
sion was engaged. Bragg fought on the south side of
the Neuse River, 8th to 10th. The night of the 10th he
crossed the Neuse, and retired toward Goldsboro, leaving a
detachment at Kinston.
Federals occupied Fayetteville, N. C, March 11th, and
Kinston March lith.
March 14th Jenkins, Virginia, was ordered to the James
River. He remained there until after Lee's surrender.
Geo, L. Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged in the action
at Ashland, Va., March 14th-15th, 1865.
Combat of Averysboro, N. C, March 16th, 1865. The
division of W. T. Ward, Virginia, and another division
of the 20th corps were deployed in front of the Confeder-
ate line. Ward's skirmishers soon developed the Confed-
erates. He was engaged in the general battle. A brigade
was sent to the left and got in the rear of the Confederate
intrenchments. The Confederates lost a battery and some
men, and retreated to another line of works a short way
back, and the Federals took position in front of them.
Ward captured three guns and 217 men. Hardee re-
treated during the night. Ward pursued him through
Averysboro. Johnston had Hardee fight at Averysboro to
gain time to concentrate his army. Johnston Avas uniting
all his available infantry at Smithfield, and Hardee's re-
treat was toward Raleigh to make it appear that the way
to Goldsboro was clear.
March 18th Thomas' cavalry crossed the Tennessee
River near Eastport, and started toward Tuscaloosa, Ala.
The force was largely mounted infantry.
Battle of Bentonville, N. C, March 19th to 21st, 1865.
Hampton's cavalry moved out the morning of the 18th
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 257
to meet the Federals. He skirmished until afternoon, when
he was pressed back to the crest of a wooded hill, which
overlooked a very large field, which he favored as a proper
place for the battle. He dismounted his men and held the
position against a slight attack.
Hampton moved out the morning of the 19th, and again
occupied his position of the previous evening, while the
infantry took position, then he fell back. The Federals
struck Bragg's left vigorously. Hardee sent one division
to its support, and his other to the extreme right. The
attack upon Bragg was repulsed with heavy loss, and an-
other upon Stewart. The Federal left wing was separated
from and ahead of the right wing. A deserter (a Federal
prisoner induced to enlist with the Confederates) gave in-
formation that Johnston was commanding in front, intend-
ing to strike this wing before the other could support it.
He reported a very large force immediately in front.
Johnston struck Thomas' old corps, the 14th, which fought
with determination. It was badly battered, but managed
to present a front. Johnston had come down stealthily
from Smithfield. A mile in rear the 14th corps rallied
on the 20th in a dense growth of young pines. Johnston
continued to press the Federals back, except on the Fed-
eral right, resting on a swamp, and covered by intrench-
ments. Vandever, JNIaryland, was bravely engaged on the
right, which held fast. About the time Hardee's corps
arrived in the morning, a heavy attack was made on Hoke's
division, and Bragg applied for reenforcements. Johnston
complied. This prevented the full weight of Hardee's
corps from being thrown on the Federal left with the other
troops. The Federal assault was repelled early in the
forenoon and Johnston's counter attack was in the after-
noon. A messenger with the tidings of Johnston's pres-
ence reached the separated right wing about sundown.
About 6 P. M. the Federals made an aggressive showing,
but with little effect. They were able to hold their ground
258 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
then until night. The Confederates returned to their first
position after night fell, carrying three guns and the
Federal wounded.
The Federal wings were in touch by noon 20th and made
repeated attacks during the day.
Mobile Campaign. Canby's easterly column left Pensa-
cola March 20th. It feinted toward Montgomery, moving
to Pollard, then turned toward Mobile.
Thomas' other cavalry expedition left Knoxville about
March 20th, on the raid toward Lynchburg. The force
was the division of A. C. Gillem, Tennessee. It came to
Wilkesboro, N. C. The troops were about 10,000 in num-
ber. They destroyed the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
from Wytheville nearly to Lynchburg, captured more than
6,000 prisoners, and destroj^ed many stores.
S. P. Carter, Tennessee, drove out the Confederates and
occupied Goldsboro, N. C, March 20th.
Bentonville, March 21st. The armies from Wilmington
and Savannah were virtually united. The right wing was
up. The day was spent in light fighting. There was
active skirmishing on the Confederate left. A small Con-
federate force was hurried to meet the flanking troops and
charged successfully. Johnston's left flank was endan-
gered, threatening his retreat by bridge, and he retreated
during the night toward Raleigh. The Federals pressed
him hard, but were repulsed.
From Bentonville the 22d the army marched to Golds-
boro.
In the Campaign in the CaroHnas Blair commanded the
17th corps. Force and Vandever commanded divisions.
Theo. Jones, District of Columbia, was in the march. In
the army from Wilmington Carter and T. J. Henderson,
Tennessee, commanded divisions from Beaufort. Jos. A.
Cooper, Kentucky, commanded a division.
Both of Thomas' cavalry expeditions moved March 22d.
The one headed on Lynchburg was to go later into North
Carolina.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 259
Wood's corps was ordered by Thomas to advance from
Huntsville as far into east Tennessee as it could supply
itself, repairing the railroad, and form, if necessary, a
support to the North Carolina cavalry expedition, which
did go into North Carolina, and a detachment into Vir-
ginia. A detachment struck Salem, Va.
M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was at Goldsboro March 22d to
April 13th, 1865, directing the opening of comnmnica-
tions for supplying the armies in North Carolina.
Thomas' Alabama cavalry expedition moved south.
Forrest was 150 miles southwest of Eastport. The move-
ment in Alabama was under Thomas' direction. John T.
Croxton and Eli Long, both of Kentucky, commanded
divisions. A. J. Alexander, Kentucky, was engaged.
There were 13,500 men. This was a unique expedition —
in some measure the campaign of a mounted army. It
fought in the field and against fortified places. It was di-
rected by Thomas up to Selma.
The North Carolina and Lynchburg expedition was ef-
fective. It swept through southwest Virginia, blocking
Lee's communications with that region, and diminishing
his supplies, and, turning into North Carolina, it captured
the military prison at Salisbury, and intennipted Lee's
railroad communications through that fertile region. It
was a factor in the needy condition which was dictating
the abandonment of Richmond.
The Federal cavalry from the Valley of Virginia had
destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad for miles, and the
James River canal. It arrived at White House, Va.,
INIarch 19th. It moved from White House March 24th
for the James. During this move Ord sent forces to
cover the crossings of the Chickahominy.
Battle of Fort Stedman, Va., IMarch 25th, 1865. About
3 A. M. Fort Stedman was aroused, unusual commotion on
the Confederate side having been noticed. The Confed-
erates advanced to surprise the Fort in the darkness of
the early hours. They assaulted the line in front of the
260 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
9th corps. The attack first fell on Battery X and the
works to the right. Some Confederates were captured
there. The Confederates attacked the rear of Fort Sted-
man, having entered by the breach of Battery X, and took
possession of the Fort. They took a part of the line to
the right and left, established themselves, and turned the
guns of Fort Stedman against the Federals. Confederates
passing to the left of Fort Stedman marched between Fort
Haskell and its pickets. They were seen and howitzers were
trained on them, and fired on the head of the Confederate
column. Confederates attacked Fort Haskell unsuccess-
fully. Other Confederates from Fort Stedman advanced
along the trenches to the right. Some of the 3d Maryland
regiment came into Fort Haskell, assisting it. The Con-
federates captured concealed batteries XI and XII, to the
left of Fort Stedman. The Confederates could not easily
deploy to advance upon the military road east, because of
enfilading fire of Battery IX and Fort Haskell. The tel-
egraph line to City Point was cut early. Some of the
Confederates, accordingly, reached the military road. The
field artillery, directed by John C. Tidball, Virginia, com-
manding the artillery brigade of the 9th coi^ps, took po-
sition on the hills in rear of Fort Stedman, and opened
on the captured works and space around. He gathered
a large number of pieces of artillery, and so planted them,
in rear of the captured works, as to sweep the space be-
tween the lines. The guns drove the Confederates to bomb-
proofs, materially interfering with the deployment of a
line of battle. Tidball was courageous and serviceable.
Federal reserves were brought up. The Federal line was
fonned in a semi-circle. At 7 :30 an advance on the Fort
Stedman line was made. Fort Stedman and the whole
intrenched line. were retaken. Nearly 2,000 Confederates
were captured, and the others lost heavily in getting back.
They met a fire from Fort Haskell, and batteries IX and
]McGilvery. 3d Maryland and other troops charged along
the breastworks and helped reoccupy Fort Stedman.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 261
Assault on Petersburg Lines. Tlie 2d and 6th corps
were ordered to advance at once and feel the Confederates.
Pushing forward, they captured an intrenched picket line
in their front, taking prisoners. The Confederates failed
in hard efforts to regain this line. Getty, with bravery,
contributed.
The Federal cavalry from the Shenandoah Valley, via
White House, crossed James River, and joined the army
in front of Petersburg March 27th.
Canby, Kentucky, laid siege to Spanish Fort March
27th. Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, commanding a division,
was on the left.
March 28th Federal Monitor Milwaukee was blown up
by a torpedo in Mobile Bay. Next day the Osage was
blown up.
Action of Gravelly Run, or Quaker Road, Va., March
29th. Federals started at 3 a. m. Cavalry had been in-
structed to move in the direction of Dinwiddle C. H., and
to be ready to strike the Confederate right and rear. The
intention was to reenforce it with a corps of infantry,
and cut Lee off from the route toward Danville, in case
the Federals should be successful. Ord had drawn three
divisions from north of the James and transferred them to
the Federal left. The remainder of Ord's army was left
to hold the Federal lines. He extended from the works in
front of Petersburg to the intersection of Hatcher's Run
and the Vaughan road. There was a heavy rain INIarch
29th and 30th, and most of the cavalry was ordered back.
The 2d and 5th corps moved on parallel lines against
Lee*s flank, and encountered his line of battle. A sharp
fight occurred. The 2d corps was opposite Lee's extreme
right.
Battle of Boydtown and White Oak Roads, Va., March
Slst. The cavalry reported Confederates intrenching at
Five Forks and westward a mile. Lee had sent Pickett
there, with infantry and cavalry. The 5th corps ad-
vanced to find out how large a Confederate force held the
262 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
White Oak Road and to dislodge it. It assaulted vig-
orously. The Confederates drove two of the divisions
back upon the third. Reenforcements came from the 2d
corps, and by noon the Confederates were checked. The
Federals took the offensive and a flank attack was made
on the Confederate troops facing the 5th corps. The
Confederates soon fell back. There was a forward move-
ment by the 5th corps later in the afternoon, the Confed-
erates receding. The 5th corps had been sent forward this
da}^ by two roads, in the hope of catching the Confed-
erates between them.
Action of Dinwiddie C. H., Va., March 31st. Federal
cavalry a little north of Dinwiddie C. H. were driven back
east. The cavalry had struck the Confederate right and
rear, but, after some success, had been driven. The cav-
alry made a stand on high ground just north of Din-
widdie. They held their position there after fighting.
Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged.
Montevallo, Ala., March 31st. The brigade of A. J.
Alexander, Kentucky, leading Thomas' Alabama cavalry
expedition, struck the Confederates, driving them in con-
fusion by a charge. Fred. W. Benteen, Virginia, with
the 10th Missouri cavalry, swept over the bridge, and,
swinging into a thicket bordering the creek, dismounted
his men. He advanced against the Confederate position.
Forrest was ousted and pursued to Randolph.
Big INIulberry Creek, April 1st. Forrest presented bat-
tle front. Eli Long, Kentucky, formed, and broke For-
rest's line. The brigade of A. J. Alexander hurried up
and formed on Long's left. They advanced and Forrest
was routed. Alexander captured two guns and Long one.
The brigade of J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, was detached
at Elyton to move on Tuscaloosa, while the main command
marched toward Selma. A Confederate division marching
from Tuscaloosa toward the Federal main force had its
rear-guard struck by Croxton, who interposed between it
and its train. The main force learned this by an inter-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 263
ceptcd dispatch, and that the Confederates intended at-
tacking Croxton at dayhght, April 1st, and other
important information. The main force pushed on to-
ward Selma. Long was ordered to help push Forrest
toward Selma.
I^benezer Church, April 1st. Federals struck Forrest's
riglit wing. Long's division attacked, and, with the aid
of A. J. Alexander's brigade, carried the position in a
short while. Alexander fought with skill and spirit. The
Confederates retreated toward Selma.
Canby's column from Pensacola deployed before Fort
Blakely April 1st.
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in assault from
Fort Sedgwick on Confederate works April 1st.
Battle of Five Forks, Va., April 1st, 1865. The force
facing the Federal cavalry fell back in the early morning.
The 5th corps joined the cavalry in the morning. The
cavalry followed up the Confederates, and about 1 p. m.
reported that they were retiring behind their intrenched
position at Five Forks.
About 3 p. M. reports reached Fitzhugh Lee of a large
body of infantry marching around and menacing the Con-
federate left flank. Cavalry dismounted demonstrated
against the Confederate front, the Confederates facing
south. At 4 o'clock the Federal infantry formation
against the Confederate left flank was complete, and the
Federals attacked Pickett. The dismounted cavalry as-
saulted as soon as the Confederate left flank was struck.
A portion of the 5th corps line gave way at one time.
Pickett's left flank was crushed. The Confederates main-
tained the right of their line, confronting the cavalry, after
the left and center had given way. The 5th corps then
swept down the line. The Federal advance toward the
railroad was repulsed by Rosser's cavalry. Pickett had
7,000 men, and was driven westward rapidly. He was
driven back several miles, the retreat becoming a rout, fol-
lowed principally by the cavalry. Fitzhugh Lee remained
S64 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
in position on Hatcher's Run near Five Forks during the
night. Pickett had five brigades and R. H. Anderson was
bringing three brigades by a circuitous route. Thus eight
brigades were missing in the Petersburg contest next day.
Richard N. Bowennan, Maryland, fought with bravery
and good conduct. David L. Stanton, Maryland, was con-
spicuous. Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged.
Battle of Petersburg, — Grand Assault, April 2d, 1865.
The turning of Lee's right exposed his communications
and necessitated his movement to cover them. A successful
assault might hold him. The assault was ordered on the
Petersburg lines at 4 :45 a. m. The Confederate line was
broken by 5 :15 a. m. The lines were broken in various
places. Ord was engaged early. He broke through in-
trenchments and carried the line on Hatcher's Run. At
8 A. M. the division of Wm. Hays, Virginia, carried an
important earthwork, with 3 guns and most of the garri-
son. About 8 :30 a. m. a report came from Ord of the
capture of works south of Hatcher's Run. Ord car-
ried a considerable part of the works, taking many pris-
oners. Lee's right having been struck, the Army of the
Potomac troops there and Ord were both directed to face
eastward, and close up toward the inner lines which cov-
ered Petersburg. They swung to the right, closing all
Confederates on that side in Petersburg. Lee then made
a determined fight against the 9th corps, which was threat-
ening his inner line on his extreme left, and the bridge
across the Appomattox. Lee assaulted it repeatedly, but
did not force it back. Lee had ordered Longstreet up
from the north side of the James, and with Longstreet re-
enforced his extreme right. By noon nearly all of the
outer works were in the Federal hands except two strong
redoubts — Forts Gregg and Whitworth. About 1 p. m.
three of Ord's brigades swept down upon Fort Gregg, which
surrendered after a fierce fight. Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia,
commanded one of the brigades and took a prominent part.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 2G5
Will. B. Curtis, Maryland, performed striking and efficient
service in its capture. Fort Whitworth was then aban-
doned. One of Ord's divisions took Fort Alexander,
shortening besieging lines and weakening the defenses of
Petersburg, Tlie evacuation of Petersburg began at 10
p. M., April 2d. That day, under orders. Admiral Semmes
blew up the Confederate vessels in the James River.
In the campaign against Petersburg, Getty, Wm. Bir-
ney and Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, commanded divisions.
Harris was valiant in the assault on Petersburg. John S.
Witcher, Virginia, showed bravery and merit. Tompkins,
Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade of the 6th corps.
Fred T. Dent, Missouri, obtained mention. Hawley,
North Carolina, and Andrew W. Evans, Maryland, were
engaged.
Bache commanded the flag-ship on the James in the final
operations. Jas. H. Spotts, North Carolina, was engaged
in the bombardment of batteries above Dutch Gap in April,
1865.
Combat of Selma, Ala., April 2d. An Englishman who
had been employed by the Confederates in planning and
constructing the fortifications of Selma was arrested. He
made a topographical sketch of them, and explained them
and the surrounding country. Long's division took the
advance to Selma. Arriving, he dismounted his men, and
formed on the left of the road. His division, A. J. Alex-
ander's and another brigade, carried the works at a single
charge dismounted. He drove the Confederates to the
city. His rear had been threatened, but he merely
strengthened it with a regiment. The charge was a fine
one, the line being completely exposed. Long was se-
verely wounded. Alexander fought with valor. Selma
was captured with 32 guns and 2,700 prisoners, and large
stores. The arsenal, powder-works, etc., were destroyed.
The Siege of Fort Blakely, Mobile Harbor, began
April 2d. K. Garrard's division was on the left.
P.GG FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Petersburg surrendered at 4 :28 a. m., April 3d. Fed-
eral troops were pushed west early with all haste. The
cavalry were pressing the Confederates.
Richmond, having been evacuated, was entered at 8:15
A. M. Many guns were captured in it. 6,000 Confed-
erates were taken.
Farragut had temporary command in the James River,
where he was stationed at the time of the fall of Richmond.
Wm. Radford, Virginia, commanded the James River Di-
vision of the North Atlantic Squadron until its fall. F.
M. Ramsay and A. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, were
present. A. W. Weaver, District of Columbia, took the
Mahopac up James River, and participated in night bom-
bardment of Confederate works near Richmond just previ-
ous to their evacuation. He, too, was present at its fall.
Wm. C. Wise, Virginia, commanded the flag-ship Malvern
on James River during the final movements against Rich-
mond, and it carried President Lincoln up to Richmond
April ^th, it being the first Federal vessel to reach the city.
April 4th Ord marched toward Burkeville to head Lee
off from Danville. Lee, arriving at Amelia C H. 4th a. m.,
found the army supplies ordered not there. He lost nearly
24 hours trying to collect subsistence in the country. He
might have worked around the Federals and kept down the
railroad but for this delay.
Croxton, Kentucky, had an engagement with Wirt
Adams near Bridgeville April 4th. Croxton captured
Tuscaloosa, Ala., destroying military stores.
Amelia Springs, Va., April 5th. The cavalry inter-
cepted Lee's advance down the Richmond & Danville Rail-
road toward Burkeville. Lee was then at Amelia C. H.
He marched west therefrom during the night. He had
learned of the approach of infantry- and general advance
of the Federal army toward Burkeville. This defeated
his design of moving down the railroad. His march was
directed upon Farmville, where supplies were ordered from
Lynchburg. The change of route threw troops over roads
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 2GT
traveled by artillery and wagon trains, impeding the ad-
vance and embarrassing movements.
High Bridge, April 6th. Ord had sent a force to de-
stroy High Bridge, beyond Sailor's Creek, over the Appo-
mattox. It struck the head of Lee's marching column,
while preparing to cross the Appomattox, and attacked,
causing the loss of precious time. The Confederates were
between Ord and this force of less than 600 infantry and
cavalry. They charged Lee's advancing columns repeat-
edly. Most of the men were killed or wounded, and the
rest finally surrendered. The delay was damaging to Lee.
The Federals captured a large part of his wagon trains.
The affair contributed greatly to the day's success at
Sailor's Creek.
Battle of Sailor's Creek, Deatonville, or Harper's Farm,
Va., April 6th. Longstreet's corps reached Rice's Station.
Anderson, commanding Pickett's and B. R. Johnson's di-
visions, became disconnected from the rear of Longstreet.
Federal cavalry penetrated the interval and attacked the
wagon train. This seriously delaj'ed the march of the
center and rear, enabling the Federals to mass upon their
flank. Anderson found a heavy force of cavalry posted
strongly in his front. Ewell was behind Anderson, and the
Federals came up on Ewell from the east. Anderson at-
tacked in front and was repulsed, while Ewell, without
artillery, held the force in rear in check. Before the ad-
vancing Federals reached the crest of the heights occupied
by Ewell, his troops in heavy column charged impetuously
upon and through the center of the assaulting line. The
Federal center was completely broken and a disaster was
imminent. The Confederate piercing column now became
exposed to a renewed fire of Federal artillery east of
Sailor's Creek. The right and left wings of the Federals
each forced Ewell's flanks back, and, wheeling toward the
center, poured infantry fire upon his flanks. Anderson was
broken and dispersed and the Federals came up through
Anderson's position from the rear, completing the encom-
2G8 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
passnient of Ewell on his rear and right. Confederate
officers tried to form lines to the right and left to repel
the flank attacks. Federal troops on the flanks were
pushed up to within a few feet of the massed Confederates,
rendering impossible any re-formation or change of direc-
tion. A few were bayoneted on each side. Ewell's force,
including Commodore Tucker and his marine brigade,
which, under cover of a dense forest, had been passed by,
surrendered.
Gordon was behind Ewell. All the morning, aided by
W. H. F. Lee's cavalry, he had been checking the Federal
advance on the road from Amelia Springs, and protecting
the trains. He became exposed to combined assaults,
bravely resisted, and twice repulsed them. The cavalry
having been withdrawn to another part of the line of
march. Federals massing heavily on Gordon's front and
both flanks renewed the attack about 6 p. m. and drove him
from the field in much confusion. Ord pushed out to
Rice's Station. The march of the Confederates continued
during the night. Getty and Gillespie were among those
engaged at Sailor's Creek. Ord hurried along a more
southerly road, while the Army of the Potomac followed
Lee's steps.
' Wm. Hays, Virginia, was assigned to command of the
•irtillery reserve April 6th.
Combat of Farmville, Va., April 7th. Lee crossed the
Appomattox at High Bridge and set the bridge afire. The
Federals managed to extinguish the flames ere they had
made much progress. At Farmville some of the Confed-
erate troops missed their food supply. The train was re-
moved on the approach of the Federals. Lee, marching
toward Appomattox C. H., intended to march thence by
Campbell C. H., through Pittsylvania to Danville. The
roads were very bad and progress was slow. Troops on
the north side of the Appomattox River near Farmville
were driven back by Fitz Lee. The second corps was also
on the north side, isolated from the rest of the infantry.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 269
It was heavily engaged. The 6th corps was ordered to
cross the river and move rapidly to its support. Getty
was engaged.
The head of Lee's column reached Appomattox C. H.
in the evening, April 8th. March was ordered to be re-
sumed at 1 A. M. the 9th. In the early part of the night
Federals attacked Walker's artillery train near Appomat-
tox Station and were repelled. Shortly after, Federal cav-
alry dashed toward Appomattox C. H. till halted by the
Confederate line. During the night there were indications
of a large force massing on Lee's left and front. Fitzhugh
Lee was directed to ascertain its strength and delay his
advance till daylight, if necessary. Geo. L. Gillespie, Ten-
nessee, was engaged in an action at Appomattox Station,
April 8th. Lee's vanguard was pushed back to Appo-
mattox C. H., losing guns and men.
Spanish Fort, Mobile Harbor, April 8th. There was
bombardment by 90 land guns and all vessels within range.
Lodgment was effected in the evening on the right. Dur-
ing the night the garrison retreated. The Federals cap-
tured 500 men and nearly 50 guns. Canby, Kentucky,
commanded the army, assaulting and occupying the Fort
that night. Wm. R. Marshall, Missouri, led his brigade
in the advance on Spanish Fort. He was wounded in the
neck, but continued in command.
Fort Blakely, Mobile Harbor, April 9th. Canby, com-
manding the army, took Fort Blakely by a general assault
of 16,000 men. He captured 3,423 men and more than
40 guns. Kenner Garrard, Kentucky, led the storming
column which captured the Fort. Jas. I. Gilbert, Ken-
tucky, performed faithful and good service in the cam-
paign against Mobile and its defenses. Canby accom-
plished an important and valuable service in the reduction
of the defenses of Mobile.
Appomattox Station, Lee's Surrender, April 9th, 1865.
Ord marched with two corps from daylight April 8th until
the morning of the 9th with a rest of only three hours.
270 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
About 5 A. M. 9th, with Gordon on the left, Fitzhugh Lee's
cavalry moved forward and opened the way. A heavy
force was discovered opposite Gordon's right, which, mov-
ing toward Appomattox C. H., drove back the left of the
cavalry and threatened to cut off Gordon from Longstreet,
Federal cavalry at the same time threatening to envelope
Gordon's left flank. Ord's force and a division of the
5th corps reached Appomattox Station about daylight.
Gordon withdrew across the Appomattox River and Con-
federate cavalry advanced on the Lynchburg road and
became separated from the army. Ord's men and the 5th
corps troops took position on the high ground to the south
and southwest of Lee, supporting the cavalry, heading Lee
off. Ord was present. The ground was open to Lee on
the northwest and thickly wooded. Thos. M. Harris, Vir-
ginia, sent out a detachment which silenced the last Con-
federate guns at Appomattox. Lee's army wanted sub-
sistence and a supply could not be gathered in the country.
Supplies ordered to Pamplin's Station from Lynchburg
could not reach the army. The men were worn out and
exhausted. Lee was led to surrender the army on parole.
An essential contributing cause to this result was Ord's
skillful, hard march the night before. In Lee's army there
remained 7,892 organized infantry with arms. In all,
26,000 men were surrendered. Getty, Gillespie and Geo.
B. Dandy, Georgia, were engaged at Appomattox.
In the Appomattox campaign Ord commanded the
Army of the James, with the defenses of Bermuda Hun-
dred, etc., the 24th and 25th corps and cavalry. Wm.
Hays, Virginia, commanded the artillery reserve. Hays,
Getty and Wm. Biniey commanded divisions. Tidball
commanded the artillery brigade of the 9th corps. A. W.
Denison, Maryland; R. N. Bowerman, Maryland; David
L. Stanton, Maryland; Dandy; Wm. B. Curtis, INIaryland;
Harris ; and Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, participated.
jNIorrow commanded the " Iron Brigade " from Petersburg
to the close of the War.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 271
April 9th Thomas' cavalry expedition which had been in
Virginia moved into North Carolina again. At German-
ton, N. C, the force divided, part going to Salem and the
main body to Salisbury. The railroad was destroyed to
Danville.
Getty was in the march from Appomattox to Danville,
and to and about Washington, from April 10th to the close
of the War.
The combined army in North Carolina started from
Goldsboro for Raleigh April 10th. It reached Smithfield
the 11th. Johnston had fallen back to Raleigh.
The fleet gained the rear of Mobile by the Blakely and
Tensas, and Canbj-'s men crossed the Bay under convoy.
Forts Huger and Tracy were captured April 11th.
Maury, in command at Mobile, marched out April 11th,
and Canby entered next day. Maury withdrew to Merid-
ian, Miss.
Near Salisbury, N. C, April 12th, Thomas' cavalry
defeated 3,000 Confederates, Gillem, Tennessee, partici-
pating with good conduct. 18 guns and over 1,200 pris-
oners were captured, and the Confederates were disorgan-
ized. The Federals entered Salisbury that day. The
railroad south of Salisbury was destroyed.
Montgomery, Ala., surrendered to Thomas' Alabama
cavalry expedition April 12th.
Federal cavalry occupied Raleigh April 14th.
The night of April 14th President Lincoln was shot.
He died in the morning, and Andrew Johnson, North Caro-
lina, was sworn in as President that day, thereby becoming
commander-in-chief of the army and navy.
Action of Columbus, Ga., April 16th. Part of the bri-
gade of A. J. Alexander, Kentucky, in Thomas' Alabama
cavalry expedition, struck the Confederate pickets and
drove them through Girard. Alexander showed skill and
daring. The Confederates destroyed the bridge across the
River to Columbus, Ga. The Federals attacked at another
point and secured a bridge. Benteen's Missourians crossed
272 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the bridge. Columbus was captured. It was a night at-
tack. 1,200 prisoners, 52 field-guns, and large quantities
of arms and stores were taken. The Confederate ram
Jackson, nearly finished, was destroyed.
April 16th, West Point, Ga., was taken by a brigade
moving separately from the main force at Columbus.
Three guns were captured.
April 17th negotiations were had for the surrender of
Johnston's army.
Macon, Ga., was occupied April 20th by Thomas' cav-
alry. After the 20th Croxton commanded a division.
Thomas made dispositions for the capture of Jefferson
Davis and his party, with the result that he was captured.
A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, was engaged in an action near
Asheville, N. C, April 22d.
April 26th Johnston surrendered 29,924 men on parole.
J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, marched 653 miles to get up
with the main cavalry force, joining at Macon May 1st.
He destroyed five large iron-works and large supplies and
captured four guns.
The old command of General Morgan surrendered to
Hobson, Kentucky, at Mt. Sterling, I\Iay 1st.
May 4th, 1865, Richard Taylor surrendered to Canby
at Citronelle all remaining Confederate forces east of the
Mississippi. The naval forces surrendered also.
Croxton, Kentucky, was given the instructions under
which Jefferson Davis was captured. Under the theory
that he would attempt to escape toward the Florida coast,
detachments were sent out. He was captured by the cav-
alry near Irwinsville, Ga., May 10th.
May 10th Sam Jones' command of 8,000 men surren-
dered at Tallahassee, Fla.
May 11th Jeff Thompson's command of 7,454 men sur-
rendered at Chalk Bluff, Ark.
Kirby Smith surrendered to Canby all of the trans-
Mississippi forces, 20,000, May 26th.
June 2d, 1865, Benj. F. Sands, Maryland, with his gun-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 273
boats, took possession of Galveston, Texas — the last city
to surrender.
June 3d Lieut. J. H. Carter and the Confederate naval
forces under his command surrendered.
S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, commanded the Depart-
ment of the Gulf the last year of the War.
Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, was in command of
Paducah at the close of the War.
S. P. Lee, Virginia, commanding the Mississippi Squad-
ron, occupied the last months of the War in convoy duty,
maintaining communication on the Mississippi, blockading
the Red River, and in active operations with the army by
the fleets in the Tennessee River and the Cumberland River.
This was an exacting and difficult service. There were hot
engagements with the Confederate batteries and troops on
the banks. Lee received the surrender of the last of the
Confederate fleet on the western waters.
Any reader whose view of the deeds of northern Federals
may have been obscured by the foregoing recital can bring
them clearly before him by the perusal of special works
devoted to them and general histories.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SOUTHERN OFFICERS
COMMANDING BRIGADES, OR ABOVE ; COM-
MANDING A VESSEL, OR MORE, WITH
THEIR RANK AND RECORD, SHOW-
ING WHERE THEY FOUGHT;
AND SOME OTHER SOUTH-
ERNERS WHO NOTABLY
AIDED THE FED-
ERAL CAUSE.
The Rank Given is the Highest Held in Battle.
Many Officers Received Promotion to Date from
March 13th, 1865, and Other Dates, Who
Appear Not to Have Been Engaged in
Battle Thereafter, to Command
commensueately.
Abercrombie, John J., Tennessee. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Falling Waters. Shenandoah campaign,
1861—62. At Fair Oaks his brigade was cut off and sus-
tained a severe attack. He was wounded. Seven Days'
Battles. At Malvern Hill he pushed after the repelled
Confederates and helped advance the right of the line.
He commanded troops before Washington. In its defense,
was in command of works about Chain Bridge, September,
1862, to April, 1863. In command of a division at Cen-
treville, April to August, 1863. In command of depots
about Fredericksburg for the distribution of troops, etc.
May, 1864, and at White House, June, 1864-, being en-
gaged in its defense against Hampton's Legion.
Abert, John J., Maryland. Commander corps of
Topographical Engineers.
275
276 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Alexander, A. J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Peninsula campaign. Gettysburg campaign.
Atlanta campaign. At IMontevallo his brigade, leading,
struck the Confederates, driving them in confusion by a
charge. At ^lulberry Creek, he hurried his brigade up
and helped defeat Forrest. He captured two guns. At
Ebenezer Church, skillful and bold, he aided in taking the
Confederate position. He was conspicuous in the noted
charge which captured Selma. At Columbus, Ga., part of
his brigade struck the Confederate pickets and drove them
through Girard.
Alexander, Barton S., Kentucky. Brigadier General.
Blackburn's Ford. Bull Run. Before Yorktown. West
Point, landing the leading division. Fair Oaks. Gaines*
Mill. Golding's Farm. Chief Engineer of defenses of
Washington, June 1st, 1864, to the end of the War.
Ammen, Jacob, Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. West Virginia campaign of 1861. Cheat Moun-
tain. Greenbrier. At Pittsburg Landing his brigade was
the an'iving reenforcement which, with some assistance, pre-
vented the Confederates from reaching the landing in their
final charge on the 6th, handling his brigade finely. Next
day resisted Confederate attempts to turn the left, occu-
pied by his brigade. Advance upon and fighting before
Corinth. Commanded a division in the fall of 1862. In
command of Covington, Ky., Camp Denison, O., and
Camp Douglas, 111., October 30th, 1862, to April 14th,
1863. In command of District of Illinois, April 14th to
December 17th, 1863 ; of districts of Middle Tennessee
and Kentucky, January 2d to 26th, 1864, and of District
of East Tennessee, April 10th, 1864, to January 14th,
1865. Commanded force of 4,200 sent by Thomas against
Breckenridge, December, 1864. In command of camps of
instruction in several districts of Illinois, Kentucky and
Tennessee.
Anderson, Robert, Kentucky. Major General U. S.
Army. He was commended for his defense of Fort
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 277
Sumter. Commanded militia of Kentucky during the period
of neutrality and for a few weeks thereafter. In com-
mand of Department of Kentucky, May 28th to August
15th, 1861. Opened a recruiting office in Cincinnati for
volunteers from Kentucky and western Virginia. He
thwarted Buckner's advance on Louisville. He had the
privilege of selecting four brigadier generals to serve under
him. He chose Tliomas as one. In command of tlie De-
partment of the Cumberland, or Department of the Ohio,
August 15th to October 13th, 1861.
Bache, Geo. M., District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commanding. Commanded iron-clad Cincinnati, Missis-
sippi Squadron, 1862—63. He was in the attack on
Haines' Bluff. Arkansas Post, silencing guns with the
Cincinnati. He went up the White River directly after
the capture of Fort Hindman. Capture of St. Charles.
Expedition through Steele's Bayou and Deer Creek in the
Cincinnati. Engagement with Vicksburg batteries May
27th, 1863, where the Cincinnati was sunk. He fought
with courage. At Milliken's Bend the Lexington under
Bache reached the scene of action as the Confederates
were making off and shelled them. He commanded steam
gunboat Lexington, 1863—64. He made a successful raid
in the White River, with the Lexington, Cricket and Mar-
mora. He sent the Cricket up the Little Red River and
proceeded to Augusta. Expedition via Red up Black and
Ouachita Rivers. Red River Expedition, commanding the
Lexington. Osage aground was attacked. Bache was
\nsiting on board. A Confederate brigade fought the
Osage and Lexington. Bache, in the Lexington, enfiladed
the Confederates, disabling their battery and driving them
off. Lexington was the first to sweep through the weir,
after the fleet was stopped by low water, and a dam had
been built to store the water and float it down. He com-
manded four vessels in the army and navy expedition up
the Arkansas River. At Clarendon, Ark., he defeated bat-
teries and troops. Pozchatan both assaults on Fort Fisher.
278 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
He commanded the right wing in the sailors' assault and
was wounded severely. In command of flag-ship on James
River.
Bainbridge, Edmund C, Virginia. Chief of Artillery
]2th army corps, December, 1863, to April, 1864f.
Balch, George B., Tennessee. Commander. As a vol-
unteer, he led the force which landed in boats and took
possession of Tybee Island. He ascended the Black River
25 miles, drove a Confederate battery from earthworks and
engaged infantry on the bluffs. In command of Poca-
hontas, later of the Pawnee, 1862—65. He was engaged
in operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between Jan-
uary and July, 1863. He landed troops on Folly Island
at night during the Morris Island operations. He was
attacked July 16th, 1863, by two batteries, Confederates
making a simultaneous attack on the soldiers. He repulsed
the attack and is credited with having saved the troops.
Balch was senior officer on the Stono River. The Pazvnee
helped in making the landing on James Island. On the
Stono River, December 25th, 1863, the Pawnee was struck
46 times. The Marhlehead was opened on by batteries.
The Pawnee took an enfilading position and caused the
retreat of the Confederates, afterward capturing two guns.
Gunboat expedition up St. John's River, occupying Jack-
sonville. Operations in Stono River in 1864, particularly
bombardment of Battery Pringle. Balch was in the at-
tempt to cut the railroad between Charleston and Savan-
nah. Honey Hill. Attack on Fort Fisher. Tagodo
Creek, North Edisto, with Pawnee, Sonoma and Daffodil, he
ascended and engaged three batteries, driving the Confed-
erates from their earthworks. Pawnee was hit 10 times,
Sonoma and Daffodil twice each. Bull's Bay.
Ball, William H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. He fought bravely and well in the Shenandoah
Valley campaign, 1864, being heavily engaged at Cedar
Creek. Won honor in the campaign, before Richmond.
Bankhead, John P., South Carolina. Commander.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 279
Susquehanna. He commanded the Pembvna at Port Royal,
Seabrook and Port Royal Ferry. In command of the
Florida at the capture of Fernandlna, Fla., Fort Clinch
and St. Mary, Ga. When the Monitor foundered he was
in command, and was among the last to leave her.
Barrett, Edward, Louisiana. Lieutenant Commander.
In command of the Catskill blockading Charleston. Pie
captured the Deer, the only blockade-runner captured by a
monitor. Commanded gunboat Massasoit.
Barriger, John W., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. In command of Fort Ellsworth. Fought
with valor at Bull Run. Chief Commissary, Army of the
Ohio.
Bates, Edward, Virginia. Attorney General of the
United States. Led in pointing out the necessity of cre-
ating a naval force in the west to get possession of the
tributaries of the Mississippi River, then of the Mississippi
itself.
Bell, George, Maryland. Chief of Commissariat, De-
partments of Washington and the Potomac. Brigadier
General.
Bell, Henry H., North Carolina. Commodore. Went
up the Mississippi River preliminary to the bombardment of
Forts Jackson and St. Philip to obtain information. He
was under a heavy fire finding a way past the cable ob-
structing the river. Commanded the last of the three
divisions in the passage of the forts, capturing one vessel,
and destroying two. He was fleet captain. He was active
in the capture of New Orleans, and restored the U. S.
flag on the New Orleans custom house. In passage of the
Vicksburg batteries June 28th, 1862. Siege of Vicksburg.
For a time in 1863, Bell was in command of the West Gulf
Squadron. He rendered essential service in the blockade.
Capture of Port Hudson. Bell was a good organizer and
administrator of details.
Benteen, Fred. W., Virginia. Did good service at Pea
Ridge. Commanded a brigade at Big Blue. Bold and
280 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
helpful at Osage. At Montevallo, with the 10th Missouri
cavalry, he swept over the bridge, and, swinging into the
thicket bordering the creek, dismounted his men and ad-
vanced against the Confederate position, contributing to
the victory. At Columbus, Ga., his Missourians crossed
the bridge into the city, which then fell.
Benton, Thomas H., Jr., Tennessee. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Commanded a brigade at the seizure of
Little Rock.
Benton, William P., Maryland. Major General of Vol-
unteers. Organized the first company offered by Indiana.
He had a command at Rich Mountain, where he displayed
bravery. Pea Ridge, conspicuous. Port Gibson. Jack-
son. Champion's Hill. Black River. Planted colors on
the slope of the earthwork at Vicksburg May 22d, 1863.
He commanded a division in the campaign against Mobile
and its defenses.
Berrien, John M., Georgia. Naval Captain. Com-
manded at Norfolk in 1865.
Birney, David B., Alabama. Major General of Vol-
unteers. Raised a regiment in Pennsylvania. Was con-
spicuous at Yorktown and Williamsburg. At Seven Pines
he delayed the Confederate advance east June 1st. He
had moved forward and struck the right flank of Confed-
erates there. Birney and French pushed Confederates
back. Seven Days' Battles. Glendale. Fought ably at
Second Manassas. During the battle of Chantilly, com-
mand of a division devolved on Birney, who ordered a
bayonet charge by his own brigade, which gained some
ground. At Fredericksburg some of his troops were
thrown forward in support of the troops who had pierced
Jackson's line. The arrival of his division at a critical
moment during the Confederate pursuit occupied the line
of battle and aided in saving a battery. At Chancellors-
ville he reported continuous movement of Confederates
toward Federal right. He had a rifled battery open on
the Confederates with effect, causing them to withdraw
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 281
to another road. At midnight his division was advanced,
charging down the plank road, driving back Confederates,
and recovering a part of the ground lost by the 11th corps,
bringing away several of the abandoned guns. He occu-
pied the rear in the retreat on Chancellorsville next day.
At Gettysburg July 2d, Birney disclosed by reconnois-
sances the presence of Confederates flanking the left. Be-
fore Longstreet's attack his division was posted from the
Devil's Den to the Peach Orchard and along the Emmits-
burg road. Birney repulsed the first assault. Toward
six the angle at the Peach Orchard was broken in. He
commanded the 3d corps from soon after 6 p. m. One of
his brigades got in the interval between two Confederate
regiments about the wheatfield, forcing the flanks back.
At the Wilderness his division was placed on the left of
Getty in two lines of battle along the Brock road. He
advanced to the attack. There was fierce fighting. With
his own and another division, he pushed forward on the
left of the Orange plank road, and drove Confederates
from their rifle-pits. He was used with two other divi-
sions to strike HilPs right heavily, preventing Hill from
interposing between the 2d and 5th corps. At Spotsyl-
vania, May 10th, while withdrawing from the Confederate
left, he was attacked. His division participated in the 7
p. M. assault. Birney's and another division formed the
first line in the attack on the Bloody Angle, Lee's center,
at Spotsylvania, dashing over the front and flank of the
works, surprising and overwhelming the Confederates in
their trenches. In the hand-to-hand conflict guns were
used as clubs. Ed. Johnson and most of his division.
Brigadier General Geo. H. Steuart and part of two bri-
gades and 30 guns were captured. At Spotsylvania May
18th with another division he supported the assault on the
line nearly in front of the work they had captured. At
North Anna two brigades of Birney's division attacked
fortification on the north side of the stream, stormed and
carried it. The Confederates were unable to bum the
282 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
bridge and fell back during the night. Cold Harbor.
Jerusalem plank road. In the general assault on Peters-
burg June 16th, 1864, he carried the ridge in his front.
After July, 1864, he commanded the 10th corps. Army of
the James. Deep Bottom August 12th, gained some ad-
vantage, taking four guns. He participated on the left
of the force threatening Richmond August 14th. Six
guns and several hundred prisoners were taken. In the
fighting near there, August 16th to 19th, he was on the
right. September 29th Bimey and Ord took Fort Harri-
son, with 15 guns, and a considerable portion of the in-
trenchments. Fort Harrison was strong. Fort Gilmer.
Confederates assaulted Fort Harrison several times unsuc-
cessfully, with loss.
Birney, William, Alabama. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Conspicuous at Second Bull Run. Chantilly.
He was wounded at Fredericksburg. Chancellorsville.
Fort Gilmer. Commanded a division in the campaign
against Petersburg and the Appomattox campaign.
Bishop, Joshua, Missouri. Lieutenant Commanding.
General Bragg, siege of Vicksburg and at Helena, July
4th, 1863.
Black, John C, Mississippi. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Wounded at Pea Ridge. Won honor at Prairie
Grove. He helped menace the Confederate left flank, hav-
ing been moved across the creek. He fearlessly charged
the position of the Confederates and captured a battery,
being severely wounded. He was gallant in the assault on
Fort Blakely.
Blair, Francis P., Jr., Kentucky. Major General of
Volunteers. Raised a full regiment in IMissouri within ten
days from the issue of the President's call. To the cour-
age, moderation and tact of Blair it was greatly due that
not one member of the Missouri Convention elected Feb-
ruary 18th, 1861, would say he was in favor of the seces-
sion of Missouri. He organized Home Guards, who
guarded the St. Louis arsenal, containing 65,000 stand of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 283
arms. Arms in the arsenal were distributed to the Guards.
He suggested capture of the State troops under General
Frost. With his volunteers and regulars the State Guard
at Camp Jackson was surrounded, and he received its
surrender. This prompt action was a large factor in the
prevention of the secession of Missouri and Kentucky, At
Johnston's Landing Blair took two lines of rifle-pits.
At Chickasaw Ba3^ou his men crossed the Bayou and
reached the foot of the hills. He was prominent In the
assault at Arkansas Post. He led In the assault on Vicks-
burg May 19th, 1863. It was his division which planted
Its colors on the works. Blair made attack at Vicksburg
May 22d. Occupied Tuscumbia after fight at Cane Creek.
He commanded the 15th corps at Missionary Ridge. In
the march to the relief of Knoxvllle, he commanded the
right column, there being three divisions acting independ-
ently. Commanded the force marching from Huntsville,
Ala., on Rome and Kingston, joining the main anny June
8th. Carried Bald Hill, which gave him a full view of
the heart of Atlanta. Atlanta, July 22d, 1864, the first
blow against the main line struck Blair, whom the Confed-
erates were unable to drive. Repulsed a front attack, then
had his men spring over their parapets and fight other as-
sailants from the reverse. During the day his corps was
attacked first from the rear, then flank, then front. iVt
Ezra Church Blair was watchful and helpful to the assailed
right wing. In command of the 17th corps in Atlanta
campaign, March to the Sea, and Campaign In the Caro-
linas. He menaced Charleston from Pocotaligo. He
forced the Confederates to give way at Orangeburg. Cap-
tured 25 guns at Cheraw.
Blair, Montgomery, Kentucky. Postmaster General.
Interested the President In the Idea of provisioning and
reen forcing Fort Sumter. Opposed its surrender. Re-
fused to remain in the cabinet if done.
Boarman, Chas., Maryland. Naval Captain. Special
service.
S84 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Bowerman, Richard N., Maryland. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Brave and good conduct at Five Forks.
Appomattox campaign,
Boyle, Junius J., Maryland. Commodore. Com-
manded naval asylum at Philadelphia, 1863-65.
Boyle, Jeremiah T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. He organized troops in Kentucky, and pre-
pared defenses against invasion, displaying ability therein.
Shiloh. Kentucky troops under him met Morgan, actively
opposing, on his first raid. U. S. Military Commandant
of Kentucky, headquarters Louisville, June 1st, 1862, to
January 12th, 1864.
Bradford, Jos. M., Tennessee. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded Nipsic. Was under fire a number of times
at Charleston and Stono Inlet. Fleet captain South At-
lantic Blockading Squadron, November, 1863, till the end
of the War. Fall of Charleston.
Bramlette, Thos. E., Kentucky. Raised a Kentucky
infantry regiment. Governor of Kentucky, elected in
1863.
Brannan, J. M., District of Columbia. Major General
of Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, November-De-
cember, 1861. In command of Department of Key West,
January 10th to March, 1862. In command of Port
Royal, June to September, 1862. In command of Depart-
ment of the South, September 6th-17th, 1862. In com-
mand of Expedition to St. John's River, Fla., resulting in
reduction of batteries on St. John's Bluff and evacuation
of Jacksonville, performing daring and useful service.
Distinction at the Battle of Jacksonville. Combat of
Pocotaligo, driving Confederates to Pocotaligo Bridge.
Successfully retreated to Broad River before a large force.
St. John's Bluff. In command of the Department of the
South, October 30th, 1862, to January 24th, 1863. In
command of a division of the Army of the Cumberland
in the Tennessee campaign, April to September, 1863.
Hoover's Gap. He helped drive the Confederates from
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 285
heights north of Garrison Creek. Evacuation of Tulla-
honia. Passage of Elk River. At Chickamauga recon-
noitering, he brought on the battle. He posted Croxton
to the left, and helped press the assailing Confederates
back. Transferred to another part of the field, he made
a striking charge upon the victorious Confederates, driv-
ing back the Confederates after the line of battle had been
pierced. The second day, when Brannan was struck, after
the Confederates had poured into a gap and separated the
two wings of the army, his right, in swingmg back under
fire, was thrown into temporary confusion. Order was
soon restored ; he gathered his division on Snodgrass Hill,
a strong position, which enabled Thomas to form a line
at right angles to the front line. Brannan resisted furious
attacks, fighting intrepidly. Chief of Artillery, Depart-
ment of the Cumberland, October 10th, 1863, to the end
of the War. He arranged defenses of Chattanooga : was
charged with preparing the fortifications for heavier guns
and obtaining the guns and ammunition. In charge of the
artillery of the combined armies of the Tennessee and
Cumberland, Battle of Chattanooga. He placed guns to
protect the crossing of the Tennessee River by the left
wing, and aided the taking of Lookout Mountain by a
direct artillery fire on the mountain front from across the
river, on Moccasin Point. His guns supported the center
in the charge on Missionary Ridge. Invasion of Georgia.
Operations around Dalton. Resaca. Dallas. Sustained
his reputation at Kenesaw Mountain. Passage of the
Chattahoochee. Combat of Peach Tree Creek. Com-
manded artillery forces in the investment of Atlanta. As-
sault of intrenchments at Jonesboro. He made a hand-
some showing in the Atlanta campaign. Occupation of
Atlanta, arranging the artillery for its defense. He was
at Chattanooga, Nashville and on inspection tours of the
Department of the Cumberland, from October, 1864, to
the end of the War. His record for the War is honor-
able.
286 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Brice, Benj. W., Virginia. Major General U. S. Army.
Paymaster General.
Brown, Benj. G., Kentucky. Consulted in the project
against Camp Jackson, Mo., and was in the march against
it. He commanded a brigade.
Brownlow, J. P., Tennessee. Commanded a brigade in
the Atlanta campaign with credit.
Bruce, S. D., Kentucky. Recruited a regiment. In-
spector General of Home Guard. He had a part in
having the Department of the Cumberland established.
Commanded Smithland, Ky., and built fortifications at the
mouth of the Cumberland River. Commanded and forti-
fied Bowling Green. At Pittsburg Landing his brigade
was in the Army of the Ohio, crossing the river under
fire to take part. Clarksville, Tenn., clearing the Cum-
berland River of obstructions. He forwarded supplies
and troops to Thomas in the Nashville campaign.
Buchanan, Robert C, Maryland. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, November 27th,
1861, to March 10th, 1862. Engaged in the Peninsula
campaign. Before Yorktown. Seven Days' Battles. At
Gaines' Mill he fought fiercel}' and with effect, ground
being lost and regained. Glcndale. Brave at Malvern
Hill, where he helped drive a portion of the Confederates
from the battle-ground. Main infantry rear-guard leav-
ing there. At Second Bull Run he rendered stout service
on the left. He fought hard to preserve the line of re-
treat. Maryland campaign. At Antietam his brigade of
regulars reenforced Pleasanton, who had crossed some cav-
alry and batteries over Boonsboro bridge. Rappahannock
campaign. Showed valor and merit at Fredericksburg.
In command of Fort Delaware, INIarch 16th to April 14th,
1863. New Orleans, in command of 1st Infantry, De-
cember, 1864, till close of the War. An accomplished
infantry officer.
Buford, John, Jr., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Chief of artillery to a corps. Attached to
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 28T
the staff of Pope. Kelly's Ford, August, 1862. Thor-
oughfare Gap, August 28th, 1862. Commanded Pope's
cavalry in Second Bull Run campaign. Wounded at
Second Bull Run. Chief of cavalry m the Maryland cam-
paign. South Mountain. Antletam. Conspicuous at
Fredericksburg. Raid against Richmond, May, 1863.
Beverly Ford, where his brigade attacked Confederates
and gained ground. Aldie. Middleburg. Upperville.
Entered Gettysburg June 30th and Confederate infantry
withdrew. He took possession of Gettysburg, occupied
Seminary Ridge, and placed cavalry to the north of
Gettysburg. July 1st, he took position on McPherson's
Ridge; met Hill's advance, and sustained the fight, using
his horse artillery, until infantry came. Reported massing
of Confederates north of Gettysburg and approach of
others. After Federals retreated to Seminary Ridge, he
threw cavalry south of the Fairfield road. He held Lane's
brigade on Confederate right in check for some time.
Covered retreat to Cemetery Hill. Moving out and form-
ing for the charge, he delayed* Confederates to form
squares in echelon, and aided the escape of the 1st corps.
He materially assisted in forming infantry lines on Ceme-
tery Hill. Supported the center and about 4 p. m. was
required to make a show of force opposite Confederate
right. His services at Wolf's hill and Round Top were
conspicuous. At Williamsport attacked Imboden, car-
rying wounded and prisoners to Virginia. Followed Con-
federates to Warrenton, Va. He covered retrograde
movement of the army to Bull Run, October, 1863. Bu-
ford was brave and made a name as a cavalry officer.
Buford, Napoleon B., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. In command of Cairo, 1861—2. In com-
mand of division at Jacinto, June to September, 1862.
Belmont. Island No. 10. Commanded its garrison. Ho
captured Union City by surprise after a forced march.
Fort Pillow. Advance upon Corinth. Corinth, October
3d, 1862. Operations against Vicksburg, February, 1863^
288 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
In command at Columbus, Kj. Cairo, March to Septem-
ber, 1863. Helena, September 12th, 1863, to March 9th,
1865.
Burbridge, Stephen G., Kentucky. Major General of
Volunteers. Raised a regiment. Routed Confederates at
Woodbury, Ky. Distinction at Shiloh. Expedition
against Vicksburg. Chickasaw Bluffs. At Arkansas Post
his men were swarming over the intrenchments when the
white flag was raised. He was among the first to enter
Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Big Black River.
Vicksburg assault. May 19th, 1863. Planted colors on
the slope of the earthwork at Vicksburg May 22d, 1863.
During the Atlanta campaign, Kentucky was protected
against raiders by Burbridge. In May, 1864, he started
for Virginia with a large mounted force. On Morgan's
5th raid Burbridge fell upon him heavily at Cynthiana.
Morgan, defeated, lost half his command, and marched
back to Virginia. In September, 1864, Burbridge ad-
vanced through eastern Kentucky, and up the Big Sandy
River upon King's salt works. He was opposed at Lib-
erty Hall by Giltner, and Breckenridge reached Saltville
works first. Burbridge attacked, was repulsed, and fol-
lowed to the Louisa fork of the Big Sandy. He held com-
mand in Thomas' force sent against Breckenridge in De-
cember, 1864. In command of District of Kentucky un-
til February 10th, 1865.
Canby, E. R. S., Kentucky. Major General of Volun-
teers. Made acting brigadier general of U. S. forces
in New Mexico, May, 1861. In command of the Depart-
ment of New Mexico, November 9th, 1861, to September
18th, 1862. Defended New Mexico against Sibley's
formidable inroad from Texas, at Fort Craig, Valverde and
Peralta, exhibiting judgment, courage and generalship.
Apache Canon, Glorictta. Canby advanced to Albu-
querque, and the Confederates having lost their wagon
train retreated over a difficult region, suffering privation,
and finally moved into Texas. His courage, skill and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 289
judgment did much to successfully suppress the draft riots
in New York. In command of the City and Harbor of
New York to November 15th, 1863. In command of the
Military Division of West Mississippi, extending from
jNIissouri to the mouth of the Mississippi, and from Texas
to Florida, May 11th, 1864, to the end of the War. He
took charge of the Red River army at Atchafalaya on re-
treat and conducted it safely to New Orleans. The latter
part of July, 1864, he made arrangements to cooperate
with Farragut against Mobile. With administrative talent,
he well organized and equipped his forces. He landed a
division on the west end of Dauphin Island, Mobile Bay,
August 3d, and prepared to besiege Fort Gaines. His
vigilance prevented trans-Mississippi troops from joining
Hood during the Atlanta campaign. After the fall of
Atlanta, he intercepted a dispatch from President Davis
to Kirby Smith and Magruder to cross the Mississippi
River to join in the Tennessee campaign. He prevented
the armies west of the river from crossing, as ordered, first
to aid Johnston in Georgia, and then Hood against
Thomas, by holding the best crossings with strong detach-
ments, and keeping a floating army, in conjunction with
the gunboat fleet, in constant motion up and down the
river. Canby moved on Mobile in two columns. He was
with the one from Dauphin Island. The other was from
Pensacola. Laid siege to Spanish Fort March 2Tth, 1865.
Bombardment of Spanish Fort, April 8th, by 90 land
guns and all vessels within range. Lodgment was ef-
fected in the evening on the Confederate right. During
the night the garrison retreated. Canby captured 500
men and nearly 50 guns. Fort Blakely was taken by a
general assault April 9th, with 3,423 prisoners and more
than 40 guns. The fleet gained the rear of INIoblle by the
Blakely and Tensas and Canby's men crossed the Bay un-
der convoy. Forts Huger and Tracy were reduced with
the aid of the navy. Canby entered Mobile April 12th.
The capture of INIoblle was a signal event. Occupation of
290 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Mobile and of Montgomery. May 'Ith he received the
surrender of all remaining forces east of the Mississippi,
and May 26th of all west of the river.
Candy, Chas., Kentucky. Cedar Mountain. Chancel-
lorsville campaign. Gettysburg, recapture of Gulp's
Hill. Chattanooga. His brigade, with other troops, as-
cended the mountain at Dug Gap, pushing back the Con-
federates, May 8th, 1864. At New Hope Church his bri-
gade repulsed its antagonists ; then, with other troops,
pushed them back a half mile.
Carr, Overton, District of Columbia. Commanded
Quaker City, South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1861.
Commanded navy yard, Washington, 1864—5.
Carroll, S. S., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen-
eral of Volunteers. Operations in West Virginia, Decem-
ber 7th, 1861, to May 23d, 1862. Following Jackson
south in the Shenandoah Valley, May— June, 1862. At
Kernstown he helped cause the retirement of Jackson's
advance force in the morning, prior to the regular battle.
It was Carroll's brigade which reached Port Republic June
8th and had encounter with Jackson's vanguard. At
Port Republic, June 9th, the first assault was repulsed by
Carroll. Cedar Mountain. Wounded in skirmish near
the Rapidan River, August 14th, 1862. Fredericksburg.
Rappahannock campaign. At Chancellorsville his bri-
gade and another attacked Stuart's flank hard. At Get-
tysburg, when Early carried east Cemetery Hill, he was
just in time to save it. He was dauntless and highly use-
ful. Bristoe Station. Mine Run operations, November
26th to December 3d, 1863. Wilderness, May 5th, sup-
ported Getty on the plank road. Wounded, he stayed on
the field. Next day Anderson's division took possession
of the Federal line of intrenchments, but Carroll's bri-
gade, at a double-quick, drove them out. He struck them
in flank. Spotsylvania, May 10th, participating in as-
sault upon the Confederate line northeast of the Po. He
was twice wounded in the battles of Spotsylvania, and dis-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 291
abled for further active service in the field. In temporary
command of the Department of West Virginia, February-
March, 1865. Carroll's merit during the War was recog-
nized.
Carter, John C, Virginia. Commodore. Commanded
steamer Michigan on the Great Lakes in 1862—1864.
Carter, Samuel P., Tennessee. Major General of Vol-
unteers. Organized a Tennessee brigade. He fought well
at Wild Cat, Ky. Mill Spring. Occupation of Cumber-
land Gap, June 18th, 1862. He commanded a brigade in
the successful retirement therefrom to the Ohio River. In
December, 1862, he crossed the mountains from Kentucky
into east Tennessee, and destroyed the railroad and
bridges between the Virginia line and Knoxville. This raid
was attended with valuable results, from the relief it af-
forded the army pressed at Murfreesboro, and it stimu-
lated cavalry commands generally. Dutton's Hill. At
Monticello he attacked Pegram's men, and drove them with
heavy loss. Holston. Carter's Station. Beaver Dam.
West's. Had advance cavalry division when east Tennes-
see was occupied, August and September, 1863. He de-
feated Morgan's forces near Emory and Smith's at Loudon.
At Big Creek he was attacked and most of his command
was captured. Siege and Battle of Knoxville. Defeated
Confederates at Jonesville. He commanded a division in
the march through the Carolinas. Assigned to command
of a division in the district of New Bern. Commanded
left wing at Kinston, baffling Bragg. Commanded 23d
corps. Occupied Goldsboro, driving out the Confederates.
Chambliss, William P., Virginia. Bull Run and
Peninsula campaigns. Daring at Hanover C. H. At
Gaines' INIill he led the cavalry charge after the rout,
which stopped the Confederate rush. He was struck by
seven balls.
Chapman, William, Maryland. Defenses of Washing-
ton. Peninsula campaign. Before Yorktown. He com-
manded a brigade of regulars in the Seven Days' Battles.
g9^ FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Malvern Hill. He fought bravely and well at Second Bull
Run.
Chetlain, A. L., Missouri. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Occupation of Paducah. Commanded post and
forces of Smithland, Ky. Participated in the movement
on Fort Henry. Fort Donelson. Shiloh. Prominent at
Corinth. He commanded the post of Corinth. In com-
mand of post and forces of Memphis from October, 1864).
He recruited and organized colored troops of Tennessee
and Kentucky, raising a force of 17,000 of them.
Clay, Cassius M., Kentucky. Volunteers under him
added to the small force of regulars under Scott constituted
the defensive force at W^ashington during the week it was
cut off from the North. He enrolled them with dispatch
and caution. Minister to Russia, serving in influence to-
ward the support of the Russian government for the Lin-
coln administration.
Cockerill, Jos. R., Virginia. Commanded a detached
brigade during the Vicksburg campaign. Chattanooga.
Colwell, Stephen, Virginia. Strong Federal supporter
during the War.
Conway, Moncure D., Virginia. Delivered beneficial ad-
dresses in England.
Cooke, P. St. George, Virginia. Brigadier General U.
S. Army. Commanded the regular cavalry in the Army
of the Potomac during the Peninsula campaign. Before
Yorktown. Williamsburg, May 4—5. Just before the
Seven Days' Battles, he reported Jackson's advance.
Commanding the cavalry north of the Chickahominy he
reported, June 26th, that Jackson was coming against the
flank. At Gaines' Mill, when the army fled from the field,
Cooke instantly advanced to support three reserve batter-
ies. He charged to bring them off' safe. He directed their
eff'ective firing. The Confederates halted, and that wing
of the army, with the flooded river and swamp close in its
rear, was extricated. He guarded the rear while the right
wing crossed. Cooke destro^^ed the Chickahominy bridge.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 293
He was the last general officer to leave the field. In com-
mand of the remnant of the cavalry division present in
the retreat from Savage Station to Harrison's Landing.
Glendale. In command of Baton Rouge District, October
18th, 1863, to May, 1864. General superintendent of the
recruiting service of the army, May 24th, 1864, to the
end of the War.
Cooper, James, Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Took command of all the volunteers in Maryland
and organized them into regiments. Defense of Harper's
Ferry, May 26th to 30th, 1862. In command of Camp
Chase.
Cooper, Joseph A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Was in the march through Georgia. After
the battle of Franklin, his brigade reached Nashville after a
narrow escape. At Nashville, his brigade lost more than
the losses of the rest of the 23rd corps during the two
days' battle, when he made a charge on the Federal right
and met a force Intended for a counter-blow. In com-
mand of a division in the Carolina campaign.
Corbin, Thos. G., Virginia. Commander. Attached to
the steamer Wabash of the South Atlantic Blockading
Squadron, 1861-3. Port Royal, ably aiding In the cap-
ture of Forts Beauregard and Walker. In command of
flag-ship W abash, 1862—3. Steamer Augusta North At-
lantic Blockading Squadron, 1864-5.
Corwin, Thos., Kentucky. Minister to Mexico, 1861-
1864.
Craven, Thomas T., District of Columbia. Commodore.
In command of Potomac flotilla from June 27th, 1861.
Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Finding the Hartford
hard aground, exposed to the fire of the forts, he kept
alongside in the Brooklyn to divert the fire until the Hart-
ford could get away. Silenced Fort St. Philip in pass-
ing it. Passed Fort Jackson. Became entangled, and
when attacked by ram Manassas and a steamer, he used
up the steamer. He passed up the river, engaging sev-
294 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
eral gunboats. Cool and indifferent to danger. Chalmette
batteries. Capture of New Orleans and subsequent op-
erations on the Mississippi. Engagement with Vicksburg
batteries June 28th, 1862, and other engagements along
the Mississippi up to and including Vicksburg, July, 1863.
In 1862 placed in command of the Niagara^ and served
along the coasts of England and France the latter part of
the War. Commanding Niagara, he followed iron-screw
steamer Georgia, commerce-destroyer, out of Liverpool,
and seized her outside of Lisbon.
Crittenden, E. W., Kentucky. Commanded a brigade in
the Atlanta campaign.
Crittenden, Thos. L., Kentucky, Major General of Vol-
unteers. In command of the 5th division. Army of the
Ohio, from December 3d, 1861. Gallant and effective
at Shiloh the second day, commanding left wing of the
Army of the Ohio. In September, 1862, given command
of one of the three corps of the Army of the Ohio. Perry-
ville. He suspended movement to occupy Murfreesboro
after finding, through prisoners, that Breckenridge's corps
was present. Stone River — moved early toward Bragg's
right wing, which kept Breckenridge from adding to the
mass which later bore back the right and center. His
corps maintained its position. He rode heroically for
hours along his lines under deadly fire. Held the ford to
keep Bragg from flanking the left. He sent supports to
Thomas and aligned with him in the last position. Ex-
erted himself in placing troops to hold the key-point. At
night, he was opposed to retreat. January 2d, when Con-
federates had driven Federals who were east of Stone
River, he ordered artillery to cover the retreat, which they
did effectually. Hoover's Gap. Occupied Chattanooga,
September 9th, 1863. He made dispositions for defense
September 13th: reconnoitered toward Lafayette and drove
Confederates three miles, which disconcerted Polk and pre-
vented him from an attack which would have caught the
a.T\\\y at great disadvantage. Chickamauga, September
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 295
19th — he sent supports to Thomas. Moved troops to fill
a gap between him and Thomas. In command of a di-
vision, Army of the Potomac, 1864. North Anna. Cold
Harbor.
Crittenden, Thomas T., Alabama. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Philippi. Arriving only the day before to
take command, he faced Forrest and was defeated at Mur-
freesboro July 13th, 1862, being captured. Released in
October, he was in the War till May 5th, 1863.
Crosman, A. F., Missouri. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded Somerset in 1862, and Wabash, 1863—4.
Two engagements with battery Marshall on the east end
of Sullivan's Island. Engagement with Fort Pringle on
Stone River. Cooperated with the army on Stono
River several times, engaging Fort Lamar once. He was
with naval brigade on expedition to sever the railroad
from Charleston to Savannah. Honey Hill. Deveaux
Creek.
Cross, Osborne, Maryland. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Mississippi,
Pittsburg Landing, April 13th to June 13th, 1862.
Deputy Quartermaster General, February 26th, 1863.
Croxton, John T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
A''olunteers. At Chickamauga, 19th, posted to the left,
he advanced and encountered Forrest's cavalry, who called
up infantry. Drove Confederates about a half mile. He
was heavily engaged, but stood fast. Efficacious in de-
feat of effort to turn Reynolds' right and rear, arriving
just in time. On the 20th, he was wounded and his bri-
gade suffered greatly. In the fall of 1864, Croxton com-
manded one of the four columns converged against For-
rest, who was moving against posts and communications
in Tennessee of the combined armies around Atlanta. He
reported Hood's crossing of the Tennessee River in ad-
vance on Nashville. He led his brigade of only 1,000
against Confederates, and then posted it for observation.
Helped drive cavalry back upon infantry at Florence,
296 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
He was driven across Shoal Creek by Hood's advance.
Helped cover the retirement from Pulaski to Columbia,
having a severe fight at the junction of the roads to
Pulaski and Campbellsville, maintaining his position. Re-
ported appearance of Confederate cavalry on the Duck
River, east of Columbia. With cavalry, he covered the
retreat from Spring Hill with skill. Franklin — pushed
back by infantry on the Lewisburg pike, he resisted until
^ p. M., then crossed the river and resisted Forrest.
Helped force Chalmers back across the river. Forrest was
held in check during the day and night. He exhibited
valor and merit. At Nashville, December 15th, he was
valiant, covering and relieving the right and rear. In pur-
suit of the routed army next evening, having an encounter.
At Buford Station, while the Confederate rear-guard, in-
fantry and cavalry, were confronted and engaged, Crox-
ton struck the flank, captured a number of prisoners, and
drove the cavalry. December 25th, after Fon*est had
driven back skirmishers and captured a gun, Croxton and
others fell upon his flank and drove him. He won honor
in the campaign from the Tennessee River to Macon, Ga.
His brigade was detached at Elyton to move on Tusca-
loosa. He struck the rear-guard of a division marching
from Tuscaloosa toward the main Federal force and in-
terposed between it and its train. Bridgeville. Captured
Tuscaloosa. He marched separately 653 miles, and joined
the main force safely at Macon. He had destroyed five
large iron-works and large supplies, and had taken four
guns. He was given the instructions under which Presi-
dent Davis was captured.
Curtis, William B., Maryland. Shenandoah campaign,
1864. Commanded a brigade at Cedar Creek. Cam-
paign against Petersburg. Did valiant work in the cap-
ture of Fort Gregg. Commanded a brigade in the Ap-
pomattox campaign. He performed faithful and efficient
service during the War.
Cuyler, John M., Georgia. Brigadier General U. S.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 29T
Army. Lieutenant Colonel medical inspector. As senior
medical officer at Fort Henry during the first years of the
War, his services were of much value in organizing the
medical department of the armies congregefted there.
Dandy, George B., Georgia. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Captures of Folly Island, Morris Island and
Fort Wagner. Port Walthall Junction. Drewry's
Bluff. Deep Bottom. Deep Run. Fussell's INIills.
Operations around Petersburg. In command of a brigade
taking a prominent part in the capture of Fort Gregg.
Appomattox C. H.
Davenport, Henry K., Georgia. Commander. At-
tached to the Cumberland. From 1861 to 1864 he com-
manded steamer Hetzel. Engaged in naval fight on James
River in 1861. Commanded one of the three divisions at
Hatteras Inlet. Commanded the Hetzel and five gun-
boats at Roanoke Island. New Bern. Senior officer in
command of the Sounds of North Carolina, June, 1862,
to June, 1864, and accompanied the army on expeditions
wherever gunboats could go. Elizabeth City. Destruc-
tion of Confederate naval force in the Sounds. Defense of
Fort Anderson, and repulse of Pettigrew. Investment of
Washington, N. C. Defense of New Bern and repulse
of Hoke.
Davidson, John W., Virginia. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington from beginning of
the War to February, 1862. Williamsburg. Lee's
Mills. Mechanicsville occupation May 24th, 1862.
Brave at Gaines' Mills. Savage Station. White Oak
Bridge. Glendale. Courageous at Golding's Farm. In
command of St. Louis, District of Missouri, February 23d
to June 6th, 1863, directing the movement of the troops
of the District at Pilot Knob, Fredericktown and Cape
Girardeau, and pursuit of Confederates during Marma-
duke's raid into Missouri in April, 1863. In command at
Brownsville, Ark. In command at assault and capture of
Bayou Metre, Ark. In command at Ashley's Mills. He
S98 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
moved south from Missouri and joined the troops at
White River, Ark., in the campaign against Little Rock.
His 6,000 cavalry had been taught as dragoons. Fought
at Bayou Fourches, 5 miles from Little Rock. Batteries
on the north bank aided him. After a shai-p struggle of
two hours the Confederates fell back. His crossing of the
Arkansas River had been resisted. Price evacuated Lit-
tle Rock, on account of Davidson's turning his position,
and Federals captured the city. In charge of Western
Division Cavalry Bureau March 11th to June, 1864.
Chief of Cavalry, Military Division of West of the Mis-
sissippi River, June 26th, 1864. In command of cavalry
expedition from Baton Rouge to Pascagoula, November
24th, 1864. He moved from Baton Rouge to Tan-
gipahoa, where he broke up the railroad, destroying
bridges, etc. ; pushed on to Franklinton and West Pas-
cagoula, taking some prisoners, and creating alarm for
the safety of Mobile. In command of Second Cavalry,
March 6th, 1865, to the end.
Davis, B. F., Alabama. Engaged before Yorktown.
Williamsburg. Defense of Harper's Ferry, from which
he cut his way through Confederate lines, and reached
Greencastle, Pa. Commanded a brigade at Antietam.
Belle Plain and vicinity. He was killed while command-
ing a brigade at Beverly Ford.
De KraiFt, J. C. P., District of Columbia. Commanded
Niagara in assault on Fort McRae. Commanded Cone-
viaugh. Fort Powell, IMobile Bay.
Denison, A. W., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Recruited a Maryland regiment. Laurel Hill.
Daring at White Oak Ridge, where he was Avounded.
Fought with merit at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania.
Campaign against Petersburg and Richmond. He com-
manded a brigade in the Appomattox campaign.
Dent, Fred T., Missouri. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. His services were of merit at the Wilderness and
in front of Petersburg.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 299
Denver, J. W., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Served in the westeni States, August 14th, 1861,
to March 5th, 1863.
Donaldson, Edward, Maryland. Commander. Com-
manded the Sciota in the bombardment and passage of
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, setting fire to two steam-
bouts. Passed Vicksburg June S8th, 1862. Attack on
Vicksburg. Commanded Keystone State, North Atlantic
Squadron, 1864. Commanded Seminole In the battle of
Mobile Bay.
Donaldson, Jas. L., Maryland. Brigadier General U.
S. Army. Commanded District of Santa Fe, December
26th, 1861, to March 9th, 1862. At Valverde saved his
trains. Indispensable to the security of New Mexico. No-
vember 10th, 1863, he became Chief Quartermaster of the
Department of the Cumberland, and had to provide the
army besieged at Chattanooga with supplies to maintain its
position. Upon him depended the forwarding from
Nashville of nearly all of the material for the Atlanta
campaign and March to the Sea. He thoroughly
drilled, organized and disciplined his quartermaster and
commissary forces as soldiers, with which, as a division, he
did valiant service at Nashville.
Douglass, Jos. B., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Enrolled Missouri State Militia, September 1st, 1863, to
March 12th, 1865.
Drayton, Perclval, South Carolina. Commander. Com-
manded the Pocahontas in the capture of Port Royal. Ex-
pedition in St. Helena Sound. Reconnoissance of North
Edisto River. Engaged In the passage of Forts Jackson
and St. Philip. Parcnee. With the Passaic, Patapsco and
Naha7it he engaged Fort McAllister. Fernandlna. He
took possession of Fort Clinch, the first United States fort
retaken. Bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 7th, 1863,
and other operations of the South Atlantic Squadron be-
tween January and July, 1863. Fleet commander of the
West Gulf Squadron. Commanded Hartford and fleet
300 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
captain at the Battle of ^lobile Bay, witli high service.
He was brave and able, and a good organizer and admin-
istrator of detail. He fought with energy, devotion and
zeal.
Duval, I. H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Fought at Opequon with valor and merit. He
performed courageous and worthy service in the War.
Dyer, A. B., Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army. In command of Spring-
field armory, August 22d, 1861, to September 12th, 1864,
he largely extended its machinery' for increasing the manu-
facture of small arms. He invented a projectile for can-
non.
Easton, L. C, Missouri. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. Chief Quartermaster Army of the Cumberland In
the field December 15th, 1863, to May 4th, 1864. Pres-
ent at the operations of the campaign from Chattanooga
to Atlanta, and to the end of the War. Chief quarter-
master of the armies In the Atlanta campaign.
Edwards, John, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Commanded a brigade in the march from Lit-
tle Rock to join the Red River expedition, the march be-
ing opposed by Price with cavalry.
Ellet, Chas. R., District of Columbia. In command of
steam ram expedition, 1862. Commanded Queen of the
West in Red River cruise. He burnt three steamers, re-
turned and captured two. Commanded the Monarch at
Arkansas Post, January 10th— 11th, 1863, and helped cut
off retreat by the ferry. Passed Vicksburg batteries south
the night of February 3d, 1863. Commanded Queen of
the West In movement toward Vicksburg. Commanded
Switzerland in passage of Port Hudson, March 14th and
15th, 1863; passage of Vicksburg, March 25th, 1863, and
siege of Vicksburg. He was in the passage of Grand
Gulf.
Emory, W. H., Marj'land. Major General of Volun-
teers. In command of the troops at Forts Cobb, Smith,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 1301
Washita and Arbuckle, I. T., at the beginning of the War,
which he concentrated at Arbuckle. He captured advance
guard of Confederate Texas forces, and safely reached
Fort Leavenworth, Kan., May 31st. Defenses of Wash-
ington, August 16th, 1861, to March 10th, 1862. Be-
fore Yorktown. Williamsburg. At Hanover C. H. he
commanded cavalry with some artillery, participating in
dislodging Confederates, and clearing the army's right
flank, Confederates suffering loss. He fought with
bravery and credit. Seven Days* Battles. Harrison's
Landing. In command of the defenses of Yorktown,
August— September, 1862. Organized infantry division
at Baltimore, October— November, 1862. With the army
in Louisiana in 1863. Attack on Port Hudson, March
13th, 1863, reaching the rear of Port Hudson. Camp
Bisland. Irish Bend. Emory's division and another were
left to hold Taylor in position, while a third tried to gain
Taylor's rear. Taylor fell back, Avas attacked next day,
and 1,800 Confederates were captured. Defense of New
Orleans. In June Taylor created alarm for the safety
of New Orleans, appearing near on the west bank of the
Mississippi. Emory, in command at New Orleans, as-
sured its safety. Donaldsonville. Red River campaign,
December, 1863, to July, 1864. Pleasant Grove —
when troops ahead were driven back from Sabine Cross
Roads, Emory was advancing. He met the routed troops
at Pleasant Grove. His men forced their way through
the fugitives and formed. He was attacked quickly, Tay-
lor pressing heavily on his right, but McMillan was
brought up and the pursuit was checked about night. His
skill and the valor and discipline of his troops were ef-
ficacious. He displayed unwonted bravery. He fell back
at midnight, and covered the retreat of fifteen miles next
day to Pleasant Hill. He took position there. Confed-
erates attempted to turn the Federal right, and his third
brigade was moved to that flank, which later Avas heavily
struck. Taylor attacked the Federal left. Emory's
302 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
other brigades were forced back. The Confederates were
driven in turn. Emory ordered a charge of McMillan's
brigade which was of vital consequence. Emory was in
command of the troops engaged. The Federals held the
field till night, then fell back. At Cane River, Emory,
commanding the army, sent a force to ford the river three
miles above the ferry and turn Bee's left flank, while
Emory engaged him in front. This was successfully done,
carrying the position, and Bee was driven off, clearing the
way for the army to march back to Alexandria. In com-
mand of the 19th corps. Marksville. In command of
U. S. Federal forces at Morganzia, June, 1864. Defense
of Washington, Early appearing before the works there
July 11th, 1864. Some of Emory's division arrived in
defense before 2 p. m. He defended the city that day
and the next. Early retiring at night. Following Early
from Washington to the Shenandoah, August, 1864.
Commanding the 19th corps, he fought with bravery and
merit in the Shenandoah campaign, August— November,
1864. Opequon — Emory crossed, broke the first line of
Early's left, and threw it into confusion. Fisher's Hill —
by night he and others were on the heights of Strasburg.
At Cedar Creek he held the center. When the left wing
was quickly routed, he attempted unsuccessfully to form
a line. His corps repulsed the first appearance in their
front. When the Confederates reached their rear, they
broke to the west, and retreated north a mile and a half.
Then he formed a line. Under orders he fell back an-
other mile and prepared for action. The Confederates
charged him unsuccessfully. In the afternoon the Fed-
erals took the offensive, and Emory's coi^ps broke Gordon's
line on the extreme Confederate left. Early's end brigade
was not in touch with the next. Emory's troops envel-
oped the Confederate left, drove it back, and the Federals
reached their morning camp. In permanent command of
the 19th corps, November 7th, 1864, to the end of the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 303
War. Emory was a thorough soldier, resourceful and
dauntless. He had the capacity to command.
Evans, Andre iv W., Maryland. Was brave and useful
at Valverde. He commanded a cavalry brigade in the
campaign around Petersburg. Cavalry action at Ap-
pomattox C. H.
Fairfax, Donald McN., Virginia. Commander. Board-
ing of Trent and taking JMason and Slidell therefrom.
Commanded Cayuga, Nantucket and Montauk. In com-
mand of naval forces between New Orleans and Port Hud-
son in 1862, cooperating with the army at Donaldsonville.
Pursuing the Arkansas was in sight when she was set on
fire. Operations of South Atlantic Squadron between
January and July, 1863. Commanded Nantucket in the
attack on the outer forts of Charleston Harbor, April 7th,
1863. He commanded the Montauk in the attack on Fort
Wagner, July 10th, 1863. Operations before Charles-
ton until August 25th, 1863.
Farragut, David G., Tennessee. Vice Admiral. Sailed
from Fortress Monroe carrying an army for New Orleans,
February 25th, 1862. He assumed command of the
West Gulf Blockading Squadron. Passage of Forts
Jackson and St. Philip, above the mouth of the Mississippi,
in wooden ships. A fire raft was pushed against his flag-
ship, the Hartford, and she struck a shoal. Eleven Con-
federate vessels were destroyed. Hartford was in the first
brunt in the passage of the Chalmette batteries. Farragut
captured New Orleans. Took Forts Jackson and St.
PhiHp. He captured Baton Rouge and Natchez. Vicks-
burg was beset, and the Vicksburg batteries were passed.
He bombarded Vicksburg from June 26th, 1862. June
28th in the Hartford, with six other vessels, he ran the
batteries and joined the other fleet above Vicksburg. He
repassed the batteries, attacking the Arkansas in passing.
He was blockading in the Gulf during 1862. Captured
Corpus Christi, Sabine Pass and Galveston. After Ma-
304 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ginider recaptured Galveston and captured the Harriet
Lane, Farragut reestablished the blockade before the Har-
riet Lane could be converted into a Confederate ci^uiser.
From January, 1863, he was employed in conjunction with
the army in forcing a way into the interior of Louisiana.
Ran by Port Hudson, the Hartford leading, and estab-
lished communication with the upper Mississippi fleet and
with the army operating against Vicksburg. He reached
the mouth of the Red River, and blockaded it till May 2d.
He gave the navy command of Red River, and enabled the
Federals to turn Port Hudson from the west by the
Atchafalaya. Engaged the batteries at Port Hudson.
He passed Grand Gulf with three gunboats. Destroyed
Confederate gunboats and prevented supplies from reach-
ing Port Hudson during its investment. Maintained com-
munications for the army operating against Port Hudson.
Farragut's command up to May, 1863, included the Mis-
sissippi River as far as Vicksburg, and all its tributaries
below, and the coasts from Pensacola to the west boundary
of Texas. He sent expedition up the Red River, co-
operating with the aniiy, in the spring of 1863. Captured
Alexandria. After INIay 7th he operated against Port
Hudson from below. Participated from the river in the
army assaults on Port Hudson May 2Tth and June 14th,
1863. Assisted in investment of Port Hudson, bombard-
ing daily, and in its capture. Attack on Donaldsonville
was repulsed by Farragut's gunboats, which fought hard.
He kept before Mobile from the beginning of 1864 to its
capture. Made a reconnoissance of Forts Gaines and
Morgan, Mobile Harbor. Attacked Fort Powell, Mobile
Harbor, from February 22d to March 2d, 1864. At the
Battle of IMobile Bay, Farragut had the forts, torpedoes,
formidable iron-clad Tennessee and three gunboats to con-
tend with. The Confederate vessels, in position across the
entrance to the Bay, raked fore and aft, doing great dam-
age. A monitor having been sunk by a torpedo, Far-
ragut passed to the head of the wooden vessels, going over
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 305
toi-pedo ground. He passed Forts Gaines and Morgan.
The Selma raked his flag-ship, the Hartford, fore and aft.
The Gaines was crippled by the Hartford, ran aground
and was set on fire. The Selma was captured. The fleet
passed the forts and anchored in the deep water of the
Bay. Later the Tennessee attacked the fleet. Vessels of
the fleet fired broadsides and attempted to ram her. She
made for the Hartford. The two slid against each other.
A shot cut the Tennessee's rudder and she could be steered
no longer. She surrendered. 280 prisoners were taken
with the Tennessee and Selma. Fort Powell was evacuated
that night. He attacked Fort Morgan after that, bom-
barding daily. Heavily bombarded it August 22d, dis-
abling all but two of its guns. The garrison of 400 men
surrendered with the Fort next day. Farragut's entrance
into Mobile Harbor obviated having the army around At-
lanta move against Mobile. 104 guns and 1,464 men were
taken in the operations. The battle stopped blockade-run-
ning into Mobile. The victory served especially in the
critical campaign for the presidency then waging. Far-
ragut had a temporary command in James River, where
he was stationed at the time of the fall of Richmond.
Farragut had quickness of perception and resolution in the
midst of conflict. His work on the water was of permeat-
ing value. His victories have place among the great naval
exploits of the world.
Farrar, Bernard G., Missouri. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Commanded a brigade in the siege of Vicks-
burg.
Fillcbroun, T. Scott, District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commander. Commanded Chenango. Commanded Pas-
saic against Fort Sumter in May, 1864. Montauh, op-
erating against Battery Pringle In Stono River, July,
1864. Sonoma, Tagodo River, engagement with batter-
ies, February, 1865. Bull's Bay expedition, followed by
the fall of Charleston.
Fletcher, Thos. C, Missouri. Brigadier General of
306 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Volunteers. Recruited one Missouri regiment and or-
ganized two more. Wounded at Chickasaw Bayou.
Lookout Mountain. Commanded a brigade in the Atlanta
campaign. At Pilot Knob he commanded Infantry
forces with address. Elected governor of Missouri, No-
vember, 1864.
Flusser, Chas. W., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded Commodore Perry at Roanoke Island. At
Cobb's Point he sunk the Confederate flag-ship Seabird.
The Confederate fleet was destroyed. A'^essels went up to
Elizabeth City and took it. He took possession of Ply-
mouth, and held it. Was in command of expedition sent
by Goldsborough to the North Carolina rivers leading into
the sounds, capturing Hamilton. Shelling of Franklin,
Va., commanding three vessels in the expedition. The
Commodore Perry was fired on by soldiers. She ran
ashore; then fought hard. Fort Macon. South Mills.
Confederates assaulted Fort Gray, Plymouth, April 18th,
and were driven back by Flusser with the Miami and
Southfield. The Confederate ram Albemarle came down
the river toward Plymouth. Flusser, with the Miami and
Southfield lashed together, hoped to run his vessels so as
to get the Albemarle between them. The Albemarle ran
her prow into the side of the Southfield, sinking her. The
Albemarle's chain plates were entangled, and she was
borne partly down with the Southfield. Flusser person-
ally fired the first three shots into her from the Miami
alongside. He was killed by a fragment of a shell. .An
attempt to board the Albemarle was defeated. Flusser
was fearless and of conspicuous efficiency.
Force, M. F., District of Columbia. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Fort Donelson. Shiloh. Port Gibson.
Raymond. Champion's Hill. VIcksburg assault. May
22d, 1863. Siege of VIcksburg. Charged Bald Hill, at
Atlanta, with support, and carried it, losing heavijy.
Conspicuous before Atlanta, charging upon Confederate
works, and, after their capture, defending his position un-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 307
til severely wounded, July 2d, 1864. March to the Sea.
He commanded a division in the Carolina campaign.
Foster, James P., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded Neosho. Commanded the ChilUcothe in ex-
pedition down the Yazoo, performing valuable services.
The ChilUcothe and another vessel attacked Fort Pember-
ton on three different days. The ChilUcothe was dam-
aged. The command of the expedition, which included a
large number of troops, devolved on Foster. He did ef-
fective work during the bombardment and siege of Vicks-
burg. He commanded the Lafayette from January 1st,
1864, and in the Red River campaign.
Frailey, J. M., Maryland. Commander. Commanded
the Quaker City. Engaged in operations of South At-
lantic Squadron between January and July, 1863. He
helped resist the Confederate rams Chlcora and Palmetto
State off Charleston, going with others to the aid of the
Keystone State when she was rendered helpless, and she was
saved. His vessel was partly disabled. He commanded the
Quaker City, North Atlantic Squadron, in 1864. Com-
manded the Tuscarora in both attacks on Fort Fisher.
Fremont, J. C, South Carolina. Major General U.
S. Army. In Europe when the War broke out, he bought
a large supply of arms In France. He returned In May.
The arms arrived at Boston June 27th. It Is claimed that
he conceived the Idea of iron-clad vessels to penetrate the
southern country, which resulted In the capture of Forts
Henry and Donelson and Nashville, etc. The idea was
that. If the boats were made shot-proof by heavy Iron
armor, the Confederate country could be pierced by every
navigable river. In command of " The Western Depart-
ment " from July 25th, 1861, consisting of Illinois, Mis-
souri, and all the other States and Territories lying between
the Mississippi River and the Rocky IMountalns. He se-
cured the reenlistment of many Home Guards, and fortified
St. Louis. With nearly 4,000 troops he proceeded to Cairo,
strengthening Prentiss, and placing it in security. This
308 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
caused Polk to order Pillow to evacuate New Madrid, and
hasten to Randolph and Fort Pillow on the Tennessee
side. The Benton was a wrecking boat bought by Fre-
mont and converted into a strong iron-clad. He ordered
the movement on Paducah, which was occupied in conse-
quence. He proclaimed martial law in St. Louis upon
news of the defeat at Wilson's Creek. He set more than
20,000 soldiers in motion southward September 27th, 1861,
under Hunter, Pope and others. He occupied Springfield,
Mo. Commanding the Anny of the West he caused
Price's retirement to the southwest comer of Missouri.
Relieved of command of the Department of the West, No-
vember 2d, 1861. March 29th, 1862, he assumed com-
mand of the Mountain Department, including western Vir-
ginia, eastern Kentucky and east Tennessee as far as
Knoxvillc. When Jackson appeared against the Federal
force at McDowell, he sent forward a support. Cross
Keys.
French, William H., Maryland. Major General of
Volunteers. In command of Key West, IVIarch 27th to
November, 1861. Defenses of Washington, November
30th, 1861, to IMarch, 1862. Advance upon Manassas
and the Rappahannock, March, 1862. Before York-
town, April 5th to May 4th, 1862. He sustained a hcav}^
attack at Fair Oaks and led a bayonet charge in person.
He and D. B. Bimey pushed the Confederates back. His
fighting was noted. Oak Grove. At Gaines' Mill, his bri-
gade and another prevented a rout by coming up as the
Mvlng north of the Chickahominy was being swept from the
field. He advanced boldly, and the Confederate pursuit
was arrested. He covered the retreat. Peach Orchard,
acting as rear-guard. Savage Station. White Oak
Bridge. Glendale. In command of the rear-guard on
retreat to Malvern Hill. Malvern Hill. South Moun-
tain. Antietam — drove D. H. Hill's division from about
the Roulette and Clipp Fanii buildings. He made some
progress, taking prisoners. His division and another took
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 309
the " Bloody Lane." He was conspicuous. At Fred-
ericksburg his division made the first attack on Marje's
Heights. His services were important at Chancellors-
ville. After the Third Corps fell back, his and another di-
vision charged the Confederate left, which somewhat re-
lieved the Third Corps. In command of the Harper's
Ferry District, June 27th-30th, 1863, guarding lines of
communication and threatening those of Lee, July 1st to
4tli, 1863. He sent a raiding party from Frederick
wliich destroyed Lee's pontoon bridge at Falling Waters,
and delayed his crossing of the Potomac after the battle
of Gettysburg, In command of the 3d corps from July
7th, 1863. Joined in following Lee after Gettysburg, be-
ing engaged in several sharp actions. Manassas Gap.
Rapidan campaign. Auburn. In authority over the 2d
and 3d corps he forced the passage of the Rappahannock
at Kelly's Ford, November 7th, 1863, enabling the Fed-
eral army to cross and move south. Commanded the 3d
corps in the operations at Mine Run, November 26th—
30th, 1863. He was engaged at Payne's Farm. In com-
mand of the troops assembled at Havre de Grace during
the menace of Washington, July, 1864. In garrison at
Fort jMcHenry, December 27th, 1864, to January 5th,
1865. Chief and Inspector of Artillery of the Middle
Department, January 5th, 1865, to the end of the War.
For the War, his services were of merit.
Fry, C. H., Kentucky. Acting paymaster general.
Fry, S. S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. At Mill Springs he formed his men, and led them
in at the double-quick. He was attacked hard. He and
others shot at Genl. Zollicoffer, who fell dead. Perry-
ville. In command of a division protecting communica-
tions at the time of the battle of Murfreesboro.
Gamble, H. R., Virginia. As Governor, put Missouri
on a fighting basis.
Gardner, W. H., Maryland. Naval Captain. Com-
mandant at ]\Iare Island. On special service, 1862.
310 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Garrard, Kenncr, Kentucky. Major General U. S.
Army. Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, —
bold and useful. He held Little Round Top. Following
Lee to Warrenton. Rappahannock Station. Mine Run
operations. Operations around Chattanooga. Invasion
of Georgia. Did valiant and telling work in expedition
to Covington, Ga. He cut the railroad east of Atlanta.
He was constantly engaged on detached expeditions, and
was in frequent engagements during campaigns. In 1864
he commanded a cavalry division of the Army of the Cum-
berland. Dashing and efficient in the battle of Nashville.
Operations against Mobile, March 10th to April 13th,
1865. He led the stonning column which captured Fort
Blakely. INIovement upon Montgomery. The merit of
his services during the War was recognized.
Garrard, T. T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Was with S. P. Carter in his raid into southwest
Virginia and east Tennessee, December, 1862. Port Gib-
son. Champion's Hill. Big Black River. Vicksburg as-
saults. May 19th and 22d, 1863.
Gatling, Richard J., North Carolina. Inventor of the
Gatling gun, used by the Army of the James on James
River.
Getty, George W., District of Columbia. Major Gen-
eral U. S. Army. An able artillerist, he Avas in command
of the artillery in the engagements with Confederate bat-
teries near Budd's Ferry, November and December, 1861.
Before Yorktown. Peninsula campaign. Gaines' Mill.
Malvern Hill. South Mountain. Antietam. He com-
manded a division at Fredericksburg. Commanding a
division, he was courageous and useful in the operations
about Suffolk, during its defense, April 11th to May 3d,
1863. In command of storming column in assault of
Hill's Point. With naval help the works and battery of
5 guns and 130 men were captured. He made a recon-
noissance and commanded in an engagement at Providence
church road. In command of expedition from Wliite
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 311
House to South Anna bridges, July lst-8th, 1863. Act-
ing Inspector General, Anny of the Potomac, January
27th to March 18th, 1864. At the Wilderness, Getty's
division was moved out by the Brock road to try to
drive Hill back. He advanced, the fighting became very
fierce and his bravery was marked. He was severe-
ly wounded. Richmond campaign. IMarch from White
House to James River, June, 1864. Movement against
Petersburg. Expedition to Reams Station and Wel-
don Railroad. He served In defense of Washing-
ton, facing Early, July 11th and 12th, 1864. Fol-
lowing of Early to the Shenandoah Valley, July 13th
to August 9th. Shenandoah campaign, August 10th to
December 2d, 1864. Charlestown. Opequon — crossing
the stream, he fought vigorously and well. At Fisher's
Hill his division did good work. Cedar Creek — command-
ing the 6th corps, or right wing, during part of the battle
and his division the remainder. He made a show of re-
sistance when the 19th corps was surprised, with Confed-
erates in their rear, the left wing having been stampeded
and made off to the west and then moved north. The
6th corps fell back toward the 19th and two of its divi-
sions lined up on its left by 11 a. m. Then the two di-
visions marched back to the front. Getty's own division
was at the front. This division and the cavalry had been
the only troops resisting the Confederates after the rout
of the left and center. With Pegram and Ramseur before
the front of the 6th corps, Wharton had advanced against
its left, but fell back before its efforts. Getty's troops
made themselves felt against the Confederate advance.
Operations against Petersburg, December 12th, 1864, to
April 2d, 1865. His fighting in the assault of March
25th, 1865, was soldierly. Assault of April 2d upon the
Petersburg works. Appomattox campaign. Sailor's
Creek. Farmvllle. Present at the capitulation of Lee.
IMarch to Danville and to and about Washington April
10th to the end of the War.
312 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
GherardI, Bancroft, Louisiana. Lieutenant Commander.
Fort Macon. Commanded Chocura, 1863—4. At Mobile
Bay, commanding the Port Royal, he showed coolness and
courage. He joined in the chase of the Morgan^ Gaines
and Selma. He commanded the Pequot and Mohican.
Gibson, Charles, Virginia. Called a mass-meeting in
St. Louis, which was of weight in determining the action
of the convention — 302 against secession. Wrote to
Washington urging removal of arms from St. Louis to
Illinois.
Gibson, Horatio G., Maryland. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, December 19th,
1861, to March 10th, 1862. Before Yorktown. Williams-
burg. Helped guard the rear on the retreat to Malvern
Hill, June 25th-29th, 1862. South Mountain. Antietam.
Fredericksburg. Chief of Artillery, Army of the Ohio,
April 20th, 1863, to January 22d, 1864. In command of
District of North Central Kentucky, February' 22d to
April 9th, 1864. In command at Loudon, Tenn., October
12th to November 18th, 1864. Engaged in opening com-
munication from Knoxville with troops engaged at Straw-
berry Plains, November 18th— 20th, 1864. Under Ammen
covering raid Into southwest Virginia, December 10th—
20th, 1864. In command of Knoxville and a brigade,
January 28th, 1865, to the end.
Gibson, William, Maryland. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded steamer Yankee, Potomac flotilla, 1862. He
was present during the various operations on the James
River while the army occupied Harrison's Landing, and
guarded with three gunboats the recrossing of the Chlcka-
homlny. He captured several vessels In a night expedition
up Chip Oaks Creek. Commanded steam gunboat Seneca,
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1862—3. He was
senior officer on the Ogeechee, January, 1863, blockading
Confederate war steamer Nashville. Engaged in operations
of the South Atlantic Squadron between January and July,
1863. Commanded Seneca in combined attack on Fort
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 313
Wagner, July 18th, 1863. Engaged in three attacks on
Fort McAllister and the destruction of the Nashville.
Commanded iron-clad Catskill, steam gunboat Neps'ic,
steamer Sonoma and iron-clad Lehigh, 1864?. In frequent
engagements with batteries near Charleston. Commanded
Mahaska, 1865.
Gilbert, Jas. I., Kentucky. Major General of Volun-
teers. Distinguished gallantry at Franklin. Nashville.
Faithful and meritorious service during the campaign
against Mobile and its defenses.
Gillem, Alvan C, Tennessee. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Defense of Fort Taylor, Fla., from the begin-
ning of the W^ar to October, 1861. Was bold and efficient
at Mill Springs. In command of siege artillery and chief
quartermaster, Army of the Ohio, February to June, 1862.
Shiloh. Advance upon Corinth. Operations in Tennes-
see during the first half of 1863. As Adjutant General of
Tennessee, June 1st, 1863, to April 1st, 1865, he created
a creditable body of soldiers. April 11th, 1864, he took
command of a Tennessee division of cavalry. Sui-prise
and killing of Morgan while on his way to attack Gillem.
Drove Vaughn out of his works at Carroll Station. De-
feated Confederates at Morristown, taking 500 prisoners
and 13 guns. At Bull's Gap, after repulsing two attacks,
he was worsted. Near Wytheville. At Kingston he
badly defeated a Confederate force. At Marion he fought
bravely and well, routing Vaughn and pursuing to W^ythe-
ville. The lead mines there were destroyed. Capture of
Saltville. Gillem's division left Knoxyille, March 20th,
1865, and destroyed the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
from Wytheville nearly to Lynchburg, first moving into
North Carohna. Defeat of Confederates and capture of
Salisbury. Near Asheville.
Gillespie, George L., Tennessee. Chief Engineer to
cavalry force. Waynesboro. Ashland. Dinwiddie C.
H. Five Forks. Sailor's Creek. Appomattox Station.
Capitulation at Appomattox C. H.
2U FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Glendy, William M., Virginia. Commodore.
Goldsborough, John R., District of Columbia. Naval
Captain. Commanded the Union, blockading off Charles-
ton, Savannah, Cape Hatteras and in the Potomac flotilla,
1861. He captured and sunk the Confederate schooner
York. Bombarded the fort off Point Mathias on the Po-
tomac. Commanded the Florida in 1862. Capture of
City and forts around Fernandina, — Forts Clinch and
St. Mary. Commanded the Colorado in 1863.
Goldsborough, L. M., District of Columbia. Rear Ad-
miral. Commanded the Minnesota, September, 1861. In
command of the North Atlantic Squadron, which included
operations in the Chesapeake and tributary waters, and
in the North Carolina sounds and the Wilmington block-
ade. He planned and executed the joint army and navy
expedition to the sounds of North Carolina, capturing
Roanoke Island. He was present, landed troops, passed
obstructions, and afterwards had the Confederate fleet cap-
tured in Pasquotank River. New Bern was occupied by a
detachment of his flotilla squadron. Cooperating with the
army's advance up the Peninsula upon Richmond, he sent
seven gunboats into the York River. While the army was
fighting May 1st, 1862, his fleet shelled Confederate ar-
tillery posted on a hill to the left, and forced it to retire.
Capture of Fort Macon and garrison. His fleet engaged
and silenced batteries at Sewell's Point, leading to the
evacuation of Norfolk, and he passed up to Norfolk. His
command of the North Atlantic Squadron extended from
September, 1861, to September, 1862.
Gorman, W. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Bull Run. He led a baj^onet charge at Fair
Oaks. Exerted himself to hold the line when an attempt
was made to turn the Federal right. His brigade led the
division coming to the support of Abercrombie when about
to be overwhelmed. At Savage Station his line gave, then
held, and the Federals made a stand to the day's end.
South Mountain. Antietam. He rose to the command
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 315
of a division. With troops in transports, he was in tlie
expedition up the White River, January, 1863. St.
Charles was taken. He commanded Helena, Ark.
Graham, Lawrence P., Virginia. Brigadier General U.
S. Army. Superintended cavalry recruiting service and
connnandcd depot, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., to September,
18G1. He organized and commanded a cavalry brigade
at Washington, D. C, in the Army of the Potomac
to April, 1862. His services during the War were of
merit.
Graham, Wm. M., District of Columbia. Peninsula
campaign. Antietam. He commanded an artillery bri-
gade at Chancellorsville. Gettysburg. Commanded a bri-
gade of horse artillery in the Army of the Potomac, Au-
gust, 1863, to April, 1864. He was courageous and capa-
ble.
Greene, S. Dana, Maryland. Executive officer of the
Monitor from January 24th, 1862, until she foundered.
Fighting the Virginia, he had charge of the guns in the
Monitor's turret, and personally fired every shot until near
the close of the action, when he took command. Engage-
ment with Confederate batteries at Drewry's Bluff, May,
1862. James River flotilla, June to September, 1862.
On the Florida in 1863. Iroquois,
Guest, John, Missouri. Commander. In command of
the boats of the Niagara, he cut out the steamer Aid
under the guns of Fort INIorgan, Mobile Bay, in August,
1861. He conmiandcd the Owosco in the bombardment
and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and capture
of New Orleans. Battles on the Mississippi up to and
including VIcksburg. He commanded the Owosco at the
capture of the forts at Galveston. Commanded the
Sangamon, the first U. S. vessel fitted with a spar tor-
pedo — his invention. In command of the Lehigh and
Galatea. The Iosco was effective at Fort Fisher Decem-
ber 24th, 1864. He commanded her at both of the Fort
Fisher engagements.
316 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Guitar, Odon, Kentucky. Brigadier General Missouri
State IMilitia.
Guthrie, Jas. Y., Kentucky. Helped establisli Camp
Clay and raise two regiments of Kentucky infantry.
Hagner, P. Y., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen-
eral U. S. Army. Lieutenant Colonel of Ordnance.
Hall, George II., Virginia. Brigadier General ^Missouri
State Militia. At Springfield, Mo., January 8th, 18G3,
he was ordered forth with his cavalry to meet Mannaduke's
advance. He contested it and fell back. In the battle,
upon an advance of Shelby, Hall made a sortie. He
helped repulse an attack on the Federal right.
Hamilton, Andrew J., Alabama. Brigadier General of
Yolunteers. Military Governor of Texas. He was sent
to command troops at Matamoras.
Llammond, William A., Maryland. Brigadier General
U. S. Army. Surgeon General.
Harlan, John M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Morgan's third raid, December, 1862, was met
at Rolling Fork by Harlan, a great part of whose troops
were Kentuckians.
Harney, William S., Tennessee. Brigadier General U.
S. Army. In command of the Department of the West.
He reported April 16th, 1861, that it appeared Governor
Jackson intended erecting batteries on hills commanding
the arsenal at St. Louis. He saved Leavenworth post by
moving troops there from several forts. He issued a
proclamation warning the people of ^Missouri of the evils
of secession. He made an agreement with Price, his ob-
ject being to prevent Missouri from seceding. Took mili-
tary possession of St. Louis. He was arrested in April,
1861, by Confederates. Resumed his command May 11th,
1861. He addressed the people of Missouri, denouncing
the militar}^ act of the Legislature as indirect secession and
unconstitutional.
Harrell, A. Davis, Virginia. Commander. Informed
that a large schooner was lying in Quantico Creek, and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 317
that a body of troops had assembled there to cross the
Potomac, he boarded her and set her on fire, destroying
her October 11th, 1861. Participated in the bombard-
ment of Forts Jackson and St. Phihp, commanding the
Miami. Commanded the Chickopee, North Atlantic Block-
ading Squadron, ISGl'— .5.
Harris, Thomas M., Virginia. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Conspicuous at Middletown. Commanded a
division at Cedar Creek. Operations around Petersburg.
High conduct in assault on Petersburg. Appomattox
campaign. He sent out the detachment that silenced the
last Confederate guns at Appomattox.
Harrison, N. B., Virginia. Commander. Conunanding
the Caytiga he led the fleet in the passage of Forts Jackson
and St. Philip. The Cayuga was beset by several large
vessels. She rid herself of them and dashed up the river,
followed by the division. She destroyed three vessels.
He and Lee finished up the Confederate fleet. With the
Hartford^ Harrison in the Cayuga bore the first brunt of
the action with the Chalmette batteries. Commanded the
Mahaska in the operations before Richmond, and the re-
treat to Harrison's Landing. He commanded Lee's flag-
ship, the Minnesota, 1862—3. He took part in attacks on
the South Carolina coast until the fall of Charleston.
Harrison, T. J., Kentucky. At Chickamauga when
Longstreet broke through the Federal line, Harrison, com-
ing from the south, cliarged with a regiment of mounted
infantry anned with Spencer repeating rifles. The result
was important. A brigade with Spencer's also attacked,
and tlie continuous firing deceived Longstreet into thinking
a considerable force had struck his left flank. The Con-
federates there broke and fled. They charged again with
the same result. Three more times the Confederates
charged and were hurled back. Harrison moved off under
orders, taking 200 prisoners back south. Commanded one
of Rousseau's two brigades in the expedition from Decatur
to Opelika, which interrupted railroad communications to
318 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Atlanta from the west, and which successfully marched on
to a junction with the army operating against Johnston.
Franklin. Nashville. He fought Forrest in the pursuit
of Hood.
Harrow, William, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Kernstown. Antietam. At Gettysburg he com-
manded a brigade, and, during Pickett's charge, the
command of the division against which Pickett struck de-
volved upon him. Harrow's brigade charged from the
south into the clump of trees then held by the Confederates
near the crest of the ridge. The grove was jammed with
Pickett's men. Pickett emerged from the woods and it
was Harrow's lot to repulse him. His brigade had been
behind the first line, but joined the line in the fight.
Around Pickett's Mills, May 28th, 1864, troops of his
division repulsed the attack of the Confederates on their
position.
Hawley, J. R., North Carolina. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Good conduct at Bull Run. Siege opera-
tions against Charleston. Fort Morris. Fort Wagner,
James Island. Pocotaligo. Olustee. His command and
cavalry moved the night of June 8th, 1864, to threaten
Petersburg. Drewry's Bluff. Deep Run. Darbytown
Road. New Market. Operations around Petersburg.
Haynie, I. N., Tennessee. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Fort Henry. Fort Donelson. Shiloh.
Hays, William, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. Defenses of Washington, September 15th, 1861,
to March 10th, 1862. He served well in command of a
brigade of horse artillery in the Peninsula campaign. Be-
fore Yorktown. Williamsburg. Mechanicsville. Malvern
Hill, commanding artillery brigade. In command of re-
serve artillery in the ]Maryland campaign. Antietam.
Fredericksburg, commanding artillery resei'A^e. In com-
mand of reserve artillery in the Rappahannock campaign,
December, 1862, to "Slay, 1863. He was wounded and
captured at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg he succeeded
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 319
to the command of the 2d corps the evening of July 3d,
and retained it till September 13th. Following up of Lee
to Warrcnton. In command of a division in the Richmond
campaign. Operations around Petersburg. In the Pe-
tersburg assault, April 2d, 1865, his division carried an
important earthwork, with three guns and most of the
garrison. He commanded a division in the Appomattox
campaign, and was assigned to the artillery reserve April
6th. He was an able artillerist, and performed hardy
and significant service in the War.
Henderson, Alex., District of Columbia. Chief En-
gineer of the steam-sloop Adirondack' and iron-clad Onon-
daga. When the Confederate fleet came down James
River, January 23d, 1865, he signaled its approach to the
Onondaga from the army signal tower on shore.
Henderson, Thos. J., Tennessee. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Performed brave and worthy service during
the campaigns in Georgia and Tennessee, especially Frank-
lin. He commanded a division from Beaufort in the cam-
paign in the Carolinas.
Henry, Guy V., Indian Territory. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Commanded a battery at Key West, Fla.,
and Hilton Head, S. C. Bull Run. In defenses of Wash-
ington, July to December, 1861. Expedition to Florida,
February 4th to April 24th, 1863. Acting Chief of Ar-
tillery, Department of the South, June, 1863. Opera-
tions against Charleston, July— November, 1863. Descent
upon Morris Island. Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Au-
gust 17th-23d, 1863. Siege of Fort Wagner. Conspic-
uous at Pocotaligo, serving his pieces admirably. He had
two horses shot under him. He captured a battery at
Camp Finnegan without the loss of a man, taking about
100 prisoners, 8 pieces of artillery and valuable property.
In the Florida expedition he commanded a small brigade
of cavalry and mounted infantry, marching from Jackson-
ville to within three miles of Lake City. In the main
niovemeut he was in the advance. Olustee — when the
320 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Federals were defeated he covered the retreat. Operations
before Richmond, Bermuda Hundred, May 6th to 29th,
1864. Drewry's Bluff, May 12th to 16th. At Cold Har-
bor, June 1st, 1864, he led the assault of his brigade upon
the Confederate works, and had two horses shot under
him — one while leaping over the Confederate breastworks.
On the extreme right, he carried the rifle-pits in front thus,
but found the position commanded by an earthwork on the
right flank. Operations around Petersburg, June to Sep-
tember, 1864. Mine assault, July 30th, in front of Fort
Harrison. The value of his brave services before Peters-
burg and in the War was recognized.
Hill, Bennett H., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen-
eral U. S. Army. In command of Key West, 1861—2,
and of the Military District of Michigan, May 23d, 1864,
to the end of the War.
Hobson, E. H., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Was at Camp Hobson till Febiniary, 1862. He
oi'ganizcd a Kentucky regiment. Showed skill at Shiloh.
IVIovement upon Corinth. Perryville. He commanded
the southern division of Kentucky. He attacked Morgan
in December, 1862, six miles from jNIunfordville. He
pursued Morgan through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio.
His troops were the ones which ran Morgan down and
captured him. The head of his column struck Morgan's
rear at Buffington. He repelled raids at Lexington, Ky.
June 11th, 1864, he tried to relieve Lexington, but was
attacked in front, while Morgan assailed his rear, and
compelled him to surrender. The old command of Mor-
gan surrendered to him May 1st, 1865.
Holland, Colley B., Tennessee. Brigadier General En-
rolled Missouri State Militia, October 27th, 1862, to Jan-
uary 12th, 1865. When Mamiaduke moved against
Springfield at the beginning of 1863, Holland, command-
ing enrolled Missouri militia of the district, took steps to
collect his command there. Springfield was saved.
Holt, Joseph, Kentucky. Secretary' of War in the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 321
months just preceding Lincoln's inauguration. He was
appointed Judge Advocate General of the United States,
September 3d, 1862. In 1864 he was placed at the head
of the Bureau of Military Justice. Major General U. S.
Army, March, 1865.
Hunter, David, District of Columbia. jNIajor General
of Volunteers. Was charged with the duty of protecting
President Lincoln's house and person. At Bull Run his
division led the flank movement which started the battle.
He was severely wounded very early In the fight. He
served under Fremont in Missouri, and commanded one of
his divisions. Placed In command of the Department of
the West, November 2d, 1861. In command of the De-
partment of Kansas from November 20th, 1861, to March
11th, 1862. He contributed to the fall of Fort Donelson
by sending reenforcements promptly. He commanded the
Department of the South, March 31st, 1862, to June 3d,
1863. He captured Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 11th, 1862,
with naval support, closing the Savannah River to block-
ade-runners. Capture of Buffington. Expedition against
Charleston. In command of the Department of West
Virginia, May 19th to August 8th, 1864. He drove Im-
boden's cavalry out of New Market, June 1st, 1864, and
through Harrisonburg next day. At Piedmont, In a ten-
hour battle, he defeated the Confederates, captured 1,500
men and 3 guns. W. E. Jones, commanding the Con-
federates, was killed. He occupied Lexington and raided
the Shenandoah Valley south to Lynchburg. Lee was Im-
pelled to detach a strong force to face him. He Invested
Lynchburg. Diamond Hill. Lynchburg.
Hurlbut, S. A., South Carolina. Major General of Vol-
unteers. In command of Fort Donelson In 1862. He
was the first to reach Pittsburg Landing, and held It for
a week alone. In the battle there, he fell back only when
flanked. He withstood superior numbers five hours, and
charged three times. He accepted the offer of the gun-
boat Tyler^s assistance and indicated the proper line of
322 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
fire. The Confederate batteries were silenced. Sidney
Johnston, commanding the Confederate army, fell in his
front. Hurlbut gave information of the approach of Van
DoiTi upon Corinth. After the battle of Corinth, he led
the pursuit. Met the Confederates at Hatchie Bridge,
striking the head of the column. When Ord was wounded
the command devolved on him. In command of the 16th
corps from December 18th, 1862. He planned and di-
rected the raid down Mississippi from Tennessee to Baton
Rouge, which facilitated the clearing of the way for the
campaign against Jackson and Vicksburg in May, 1863.
In command at Memphis, September, 1863. He com-
manded one of the two columns in the march from Vicks-
burg to Meridian in February, 1864*. In command of the
Department of the Gulf during the last year of the War.
Jackson, James S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Organized a cavalry regiment. Shiloh.
luka. Corinth. Athens. At Perryville, holding the left
flank with a raw division, he was killed while leading his
men. The battle was fought in great part by his and
Rousseau's divisions.
Jacob, R. T., Kentucky. Resisted with boldness and
efficiency in the Legislature and before the people the
effort to have Kentucky secede. He rendered active and
useful service, especially to the Army of the Ohio in Ken-
tucky. He helped resist Morgan's raid, following until
his capture. He became lieutenant governor of Kentucky
in 1863.
Jameson, William, Virginia. Commodore.
Jenkins, Thornton A., Virginia. Captain. Cooperated
in preventing the forts at Key West and Dry Tortugas
from falling into the hands of an expedition sent from
New Orleans before the War was started. He performed
secret service at the request of President Lincoln. He
commanded the steam-sloop Wachusett on the James and
Potomac rivers in 1862. He was the senior officer present
at the repulse of the Confederates at Coggin's Point, and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 323
at the attack on the Federal flotilla off City Point. In
command of steam-sloop Oneida, autumn of 1862. He
blockaded Mobile. Fleet captain and chief of staif of
Farragut's squadron. Commanded the Hartford. Led
the fleet at the passage of Port Hudson, March 14th, 1863.
Engaged batteries of Grand Gulf and Warrenton. Com-
manded the Monongahela, temporary flag-ship, in the at-
tack on Port Hudson ending May 28th, 1863. Surrender
of Port Hudson, being in chief command of the naval
forces below. He was wounded in a fight Avith Confed-
erate batteries at College Point, Miss. Commanded divi-
sion blockading the entrance to Mobile Bay, December,
1863, to August, 1864. Commanded steam-sloop Rich-
mond. Mobile Bay — following the Hartford, he ran
half a mile ahead of the other vessels in the Richmond. He
gave the Tennessee three broadsides. Surrender of Forts
]\Iorgan, Powell and Gaines. He was left in command of
the Mobile Bay division until February, 1865. March
14th, 1865, he was ordered to the James River and re-
mained there until after Lee's surrender.
Johnson, Andrew, North Carolina. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Military Governor of Tennessee. His
courage helped hold Nashville against a Confederate force.
As military governor, he raised 25 regiments for service
in Tennessee. April 15th, 1865, he became President of
the United States, and, thereby. Commander-in-chief of
the Army and Navy of the United States.
Johnson, Andrew W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commander. Commanded the Lehigh. Commanded the
Montauk in Stono River. Bull's Bay expedition, imme-
diately before the fall of Charleston.
Johnson, R. W., Kentucky. Major General U. S.
Araiy. At the beginning of the War, he was employed
in guarding the upper Potomac. First Shenanadoah cam-
paign. Falling Waters. Bunker Hill. He was placed
in command of Kentucky Home Guards, 1,200 men. He
reached Muldraugh's Hill and helped cause Buckner to
324 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
desist from advance of September 17th, 1861, on Louis-
ville. Pittsburg Landing. Routed Confederates in his
front. May 28th, 1862. Advance upon Corinth. March
through northern Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky. He
was defeated near Gallatin by Morgan and captured.
At Murfreesboro the first attack on the Federal right
fell on his and another division. He was in reserve when
Bragg struck and broke the right flank. He had taken all
precautions against surprise. His outposts were driven
in and cavalry attacked his extreme right. He formed and
made a slight advance. Ordered up his reserve brigade.
All were forced back. A part of his division later formed
on Rousseau's right in the new line. His soldierly quali-
ties shone in the battle. Advance on Tullahoma. At Lib-
erty Gap the Confederates attacked him. They first
attacked his center, then attempted to gain the hills so
as to command his flank, but failed, losing 850 men, and
withdrew. At Chickamauga, September 19th, his divi-
sion humed up from Crawfish Springs, arriving just in
time to prevent the rout of the Federal left. It moved
forward with Palmer, and, after an hour's fighting, they
drove Cheatham back. It behaved handsomely, driving
the Confederates a mile and a half, capturing seven guns
and a large number of prisoners. In the evening, before
his division and two additional brigades could be withdrawn
to the new line, they were attacked by Cleburne's fresh
division, supported by Cheatham's. After a heavy night
conflict of an hour, the Confederates were repulsed. On
the 20th, he was in the fierce struggle. When Brecken-
ridge took in reverse the Federal left, Johnson's reserve
helped oust him. Furious attacks upon Johnson failed.
He fought with heroism and force. Defense of and opera-
tions around Chattanooga, September, 1863, to May, 1864.
In the Missionary Ridge assault his division moved up the
hill in line and carried his part of the ridge. He cap-
tured many troops driven north by the right wing. He
commanded a division during the invasion of Georgia,
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 325
May and June, 1864. Operations around Dalton. Dem-
onstrations against Resaca. At Resaca May 14th, his and
Newton's divisions plunged into the thicket and worked
their way into the reentrant angle in Hardee's front. His
division was the first to engage the Confederates. New
Hope, Pickett's Mills, assaulting the Confederate position.
He was struck from the flank by cavalry. He was se-
verely wounded. He was attacked hard at Peach Tree
Creek. Given command of the 14th corps August 6th,
1864. He advanced the 7th, carried a line of rifle-pits
and established a line close to the Confederate works.
Chief of cavalry Military Division of the Mississippi, Au-
gust 22d to October 27th, 1864. At Jonesboro, com-
manding the 14th corps, he carried intrenchments. One
of his divisions carried its entire front. He was dispatched
to Nashville to equip and forward cavalry from that sta-
tion. During Hood's advance he was assigned by Thomas
to command a division of cavalry. At Nashville Decem-
ber 15th his cavalry, with the cooperation of Lee's gun-
boats, drove Confederates from their established batteries
on the Cumberland River below Nashville. When Hood
was routed, December 16th, Johnson was ordered to move
rapidly by the Hillsborough pike, and, after crossing the
Harpeth River, to turn up its south bank and fall upon
the Confederates at or near Franklin. He struck the Con-
federates at Franklin, and they left 1,800 of their wounded
and 200 Federal wounded to fall into Federal hands. As-
signed to command of the Middle District of Tennessee.
Johnson's services during the War did him honor.
Jones, Roger, District of Columbia. Destroyed the
arsenal at Harper's Ferry, April 18th, 1861, preventing
the arms from falling into Confederate hands.
Jones, Theodore, District of Columbia. Commanded a
brigade with spirit and credit in the Atlanta campaign.
Campaign In the Carolinas.
Jouett, J. E., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded a detachment of sailors and marines from the
326 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Santee who boarded and destrojed the man-of-war Royal
Yacht in Galveston Bay, he having a desperate hand-to-
hand conflict with the commander of the Royal Yacht, and
receiving two severe wounds in the right arm and right
side and hing from a pike. He commanded the Montgom-
ery and R. R. Ctiyler. He captured eight blockade-run-
ners in 1863. In the battle of Mobile Bay, in the
Metacomet, lashed to the Hartford, he passed the forts.
Having been permitted to cut loose, he closed with and
captured the Selma. He captured the Gaines. Coolness,
promptness and good conduct were displayed by him.
Judah, Henry M., Maryland. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, December 19th,
1861, to March 10th, 1862. In command of a division
in the advance upon Corinth. In command of Fort Deni-
son, August 23d to September 5th, 1862 ; of Covington,
Ky., September 5th-8th, 1862, when threatened by Kirby
Smith. In command of the District of Western Kentucky,
February 25th to March 1st, 1863; and of the forces at
Bowling Green and Russellville, Ky., March to May, 1863.
He commanded troops chasing Morgan to Buffington Is-
land. Judah went up the Ohio River in steamboats to
head Morgan off, and struck his flank at Buffington Island.
In command of a division from May, 1863. At Resaca
his division had a fierce struggle. Others coming to its
help, a part of the Confederate intrenchments was taken.
Kenly, John R., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. At Front Royal his losing fight against Jackson
saved the Shenandoah army. Hagerstown. Harper's
Ferry. Recapture of Maryland Heights. He helped fol-
low Early when Early recrossed the Potomac into Virginia,
July 14th, 1864.
Kilty, A. H., Maryland. Naval Captain. Ordered to
St. Louis in 1861, he helped organize the Mississippi flo-
tilla. He commanded the Mound City at Island No. 10 ;
also at Fort Pillow, where she was sunk. In command of
expedition to the White River, Ark. The steam-chest of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 327
the Mound City was struck. Kilty was scalded with steam
which filled the vessel. Troops with the vessels captured
St. Charles. He commanded the Roanoke,
Kirkland, William A., North Carolina. Lieutenant Com-
mander. Movement against Mobile, resulting in its cap-
ture. He commanded the Winnebago, 1864—5.
Kirkwood, S. J., Maryland. Governor of Iowa during
the War. As such he sent about fifty regiments to the
War — nearly all for three years, the result being that
Iowa was one of the few States in which there was no draft.
Kurtz, J. D., District of Columbia. Chief Engineer,
Department of Annapolis, June— July, 1861 ; and of the
Shenandoah, August, 1861. Assistant Engineer in de-
fense of Washington against Early, July 12th— 15th, 1864.
Laidley, T. T. S., Virginia. Commander of Frankfort
arsenal in 1863—4. Inspector of ordnance.
Landram, J. J., Kentucky. Cynthiana, — Landram es-
caping, slightly wounded, to Paris, Ky., where the next
day he rallied and united several detachments and harassed
Morgan in his retirement from Kentucky. He had sev-
eral horses shot under him at Richmond, Ky. He received
a severe wound in the head, partly blinding and incapaci-
tating him for further active service.
Landram, William J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Chickasaw Bluffs. Capture of Arkansas
Post. Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Vicksburg assaults.
May 19th and 22d. He commanded a division in the
Red River campaign. Pleasant Hill. Sabine Cross
Roads.
Lanier, Edmund, Virginia. Commander. In command
of the Alabama in Blockading Squadron, 1861.
Lauman, J. G., Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Served in Missouri, and was severely wounded at
Belmont. At Fort Donelson he was one of the first to
storm and enter the works, encountering an abatis on the
way. Shiloh. He commanded a division in the siege of
Vicksburg. In the assault at Jackson, Miss., July 12th,
328 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
1863, his troops were pushed close to the Confederate
works, and suffered great loss.
Lee, John F., Virginia. Grandson of Richard Henry
Lee. Judge Advocate of the United States Army to Sep-
tember 4th, 1862.
Lee, Samuel P., Virginia. Grandson of Richard Henry
Lee. Acting Rear Admiral. Blockade off Charleston,
maintaining it with the Vandalia. In the expedition
against New Orleans, he commanded the advance division
below Forts Jackson and St. Philip. In the battle, his
vessel, the Oneida, was at one time engaged alone with
both forts. It was one of the three vessels first to en-
counter the Confederate fleet. He went to the assistance
of the Cayuga, dispersing antagonists. He relieved the
Varuna by driving off the two rams which had rammed
her, forcing their burning and capturing the commander
of the Gov. Moore; and he helped rescue the officers and
men of the Varuna, which sank. His vessel and the Cayuga
finished up the Confederate fleet. He participated in the
capture of the Chalmette batteries. Lee went up to Vicks-
burg with the gunboats, and summoned it to surrender.
May 18th, 1862. For a time, he commanded the advance
division below Vicksburg, and participated in both pas-
sages of the Vicksburg batteries, the Oneida being second
in line on each occasion. Engagement with the Arkansas
and passage of Vicksburg southbound, July 15th. Lee
was appointed acting rear admiral September 2d, 1862,
and commanded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron
till October 12th, 1864. In the Suffolk campaign the
Confederates moved suddenly in force to cross the Nanse-
mond River, and thereby attack the Federals at Suffolk.
Lee hastily moved two flotillas to hold the line of the
river, — one of 8 gunboats in the upper Nansemond, and
the other of 4 gunboats in the lower waters. The upper
Nansemond flotilla, and Getty with 300 troops, captured
Battery Huger, Hill's Point, April 19th, 1863. The
lower Nansemond flotilla made a landing expedition to
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 829
Chuckatuck, several miles inland. During his command
of the North Atlantic Squadron, Lee was engaged in block-
ading the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, and
zealously cooperating with the armies in the defense of
Norfolk, New Bern and Washington, fighting with their
iron-c'l.'uls and heavy fortifications in Trent's Reach, and
tiieir field batteries along the line of communication on
James River, always securely held by him. He perfected
and maintained a vast blockade. He originated the system
of a girdle of cruisers, which isolated the Confederacy
from foreign recruits, supplies and munitions of war. 54
blockade-runners were captured or destroyed by the fleet
under him. On May 5th, 1864, he brought up the Army
of the James, 40,000 strong, to Bermuda Hundred. His
fleet protected the right flank of that army during May.
In September, 1864, Lee spoke about the Albemarle, and
approved one of two plans submitted for her destruction,
and had it submitted to the Washington authorities. Or-
ders were given for the purchase of suitable vessels. A
launch with a torpedo was sent through the Chesapeake
& Albemarle canal. The night of October 27th the launch
entered Roanoke River, and went at the Albemarle under
a heavy fire and the torpedo was exploded under her,
blowing her up. The North Atlantic Squadron, besides
blockading, was engaged in 91 actions and expeditions
during the period of his command. Lee was ordered to
the command of the Mississippi Squadron, October 21st,
1864. He had command of the entire Mississippi River
and its tributaries from October. In the Nashville cam-
paign, he moved up the Cumberland River to the support
of Thomas. The flag-ship was stopped at Clarksville by
low water. He kept open army communications, and vig-
ilantly guarded the lower Mississippi against the inter-
vention of trans-Mississippi Confederate forces. He was
asked by Thomas, November 30th, to patrol the Cum-
berland River. Hood was marching against Nashville.
Lee directed the patrolling of the river above and below
330 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Nashville by gunboats. It was done so effectively that
crossing was impossible. He kept open the Cumberland
when the safety of Thomas depended so largely on his
prompt receipt of reenforcements and supplies during
Hood's advance. After the battle of Nashville, Lee was
requested by Thomas to send gunboats up the Tennessee
to head off Hood. He succeeded in capturing two guns
at Florence. The operations of his squadron on the Ten-
nessee prevented Hood on his retreat from crossing where
the river was navigable. Lee occupied the last months
of the War in convoy duty, maintaining communication on
the Mississippi, blockading Red River, and active opera-
tions in conjunction with the army by the fleets in the
Tennessee and Cumberland rivers — exacting and difficult
service. There were hot engagements with the Confederate
batteries and troops on the banks. Lee received the sur-
render of the last of the Confederate fleet on western
waters.
Lincoln, Abraham, Kentucky. President of the United
States : as such. Commander-in-chief of the Army and
Navy of the United States. November 12th, 1861, he
ordered that a naval expedition should be fitted out for the
capture of New Orleans. He exercised some direction of
the War throughout.
Lindsey, D. W., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Middle Creek. Retreat from Cumberland Gap.
He was under fire at Chickasaw Bluffs. Capture of Arkan-
sas Post. Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Big Black
River. Vicksburg assaults. May 19th and 22d, 1863.
Loan, Benj. F., Kentucky. Brigadier General Missouri
State Militia.
Long, Eli, Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Perryville. Tullahoma. Tuscumbia Creek, surprise and
capture of Confederates. Wounded at Stone River. He
reached Huntsville, Ala., with others, July 3d, 1863, cap-
tviring prisoners and supplies. By a saber charge he dis-
lodged Wheeler's rear-guard near Murfreesboro, October
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 331
5th, 1863. Duck River, fierce charge against Davidson's
division, driving the Confederates 13 miles, killing and cap-
turing many. He fought bravely and creditably at Farm-
ington, where he was wounded. Chickamauga, pursuit of
Wheeler and Roddy. Long crossed the Chattanooga River
November 2-ith, 1863, reached Tyner's Station, and went
as far as Charleston, Tenn. He was dispatched from
Chattanooga for the relief of Knoxville. Long, with the
troops advancing to its relief, was sent with picked men to
communicate with the besieged army. His services were
of merit. At Calhoun, with a small force, he defeated
Wheeler's. He charged a small force which had become
separated from the rest after the main fight and scattered
it, taking prisoners. He was wounded in reconnoissance
on Dalton. In May, 1864, commanding cavalry, he was in
Blair's march from Huntsville, Ala., on Rome and Kings-
ton. Fought spiritedly at Lovejoy's Station. Long was
ordered to help push Forrest toward Selma. At Ebenezer
Church, his division attacked the Confederates, and, with
the aid of A. J. Alexander's brigade, carried the position
in a short time. The Confederates retreated toward Selma.
Long captured a gun at Mulberry Creek. Long's division
took the advance on Selma. He arrived first at Boyle's
Creek ; dismounted his men, and, forming on the left of the
road, he charged and broke the Confederate line, and cap-
tured a gun. His division and two additional brigades
carried the works at Selma in a single sweeping charge,
dismounted. Confederate cavalry were operating in his
rear, but he sent a regiment to help guard it, and kept on,
taking the intrenchnicnts. His line was completely ex-
posed. Long drove the Confederates to the city. Fight-
ing gallantly, he was severely wounded. 32 cannon, large
stores, and 2,700 prisoners were captured. The arsenal
and powder works were destroyed. Long achieved a bright
reputation in the War.
Love, John, Virginia. Major General Indiana legion
militia. Commanded a force in pursuit, through Indiana,
332 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
of Morgan's raiders, repulsing them at Mt. Vernon, Ind.,
July 11th, 1863.
McCann, W. P., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander.
Reenforced Fort Pickens April 14th— 15th, 1861. In June
he landed additional reenforcements. In 1862 he operated
on the York, Pamunkey and James rivers. Commanded
the Maratanza against Yorktown. He had several engage-
ments with batteries there and at Gloucester Point. At
West Point, May 7th, 1862, he drove off the Confederate
battery attacking the force which had landed. Protecting
the army at Malvera Hill. He captured the gunboat
Teazer, Point of Rocks. He captured several blockade-
runners on the Potomac River. At New Bern, Hill and
Pettigrew attacked Camp Anderson, and his vessel, the
HunchbacJi, helped silence the guns and compel the army
to withdraw. He fought with skill and vigor. The Con-
federates had 18 guns. During the siege of Washington,
N. C, he had command of five gunboats. Commanded the
Kennebec in the blockade of Mobile Bay. He captured at
sea three blockade-runners. In the battle of Mobile Bay,
he commanded the Kennebec lashed to the Monongahela,
which rammed the Tennessee. He assisted in the destruc-
tion of the Ivanhoe under the guns of Fort Morgan. He
pursued and engaged the Morgan.
McClemand, John A., Kentucky. Major General of
Volunteers. At the beginning of the War he recruited a
brigade. At Belmont, commanding one of the two bri-
gades, he fought bravely. He assisted in planning the
expedition against Fort Henry. He moved to surround
the Fort, when up, and troops were withdrawn, and the
Fort surrendered. At Fort Donelson, February 13th, he
made a small assault on the earthworks, and February 15th
the defensive battle was fought by him. He was the com-
mander of the right wing, which was attacked. He sus-
tained the battle from early morning until 3 p. m., by his
own conceptions. At Shiloh he sent three regiments to
the support of the left flank of the forward division before
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 333
the attack fell on his. He held the right after that divi-
sion was demolished, and fought hard all day. He had to
change the front of half his command to the west. He
was intrepid, and occupied eight successive positions dur-
ing the day. McClemand did valiant service next day.
He commanded the reserves in the advance on Corinth.
He was empowered by the Federal Government, October
21st, 1862, to raise and organize troops to aid him in an
expedition from Cairo against Vicksburg, to open the Mis-
sissippi thereto, while another expedition should move up
from New Orleans, the two to be combined. He concen-
trated troops at Memphis. He was in command of the
13th corps from December 18th, 1862. McClernand took
command of the Army of the Mississippi at Milliken's
Bend, January 4th, 1863, 32,000 men, and sailed up the
Arkansas River, accompanied by the fleet. He disem-
barked January 10th near Arkansas Post, which surren-
dered to the combined attack of the army and fleet next
day. Confederates lost 5,000 men. McClernand's was
the advance corps from the north to the south of Vicks-
burg. He encamped at Carthage, La., south of Vicksburg.
He then marched further down to Perkin's Landing.
Then he moved to Hard Times, 22 miles below. His corps,
in making the march from Milliken's Bend to Hard Times,
fought with general success, and built the road for the rest
of the army. He received information that there was a
good landing place at Bruinsburg, with a road thence to
Port Gibson, which would enable the army to reach the
rear of Vicksburg. He disembarked at Bruinsburg, and
led the advance on Port Gibson, the army crossing the
Mississippi River at Bruinsburg. By a forced march he
reached Port Gibson, surprised the Confederates, and de-
feated them there. He planned the battle and disposed
the forces. The Confederates retreated when outflanked.
Port Gibson was occupied next day, and Grand Gulf was
evacuated by the Confederates. McClemand withdrew
skillfully from the front of the Confederates at Edwards
334? FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Station. He seized Bolton, appointed by J. E. Johnston
as the junction point where he hoped the Vicksburg army
and his could unite. At Champion's Hill, McClernand's
was the only corps up when the battle began. He attacked
the Confederates and helped to win the victory, the Con-
federates losing 6,000 men. It was his corps which came
upon the Confederates' strong position at Big Black River,
and carried the same by assault — a lauded achievement.
In the second assault on Vicksburg, his men took advanced
intrenchments in several places. He took command of the
13th corps at Alexandria, La., on the return from the Red
River expedition, April, 1864. The Confederates attacked
McClernand near Alexandria April 28th and got between
the army and the Mississippi. He commanded the 13th
corps on the march east from Alexandria.
McFerran, J. C, Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. Served in New Mexico. Built the depot and post
of Fort Union, 1861-62. Chief Quartermaster, Depart-
ment of New Mexico. Peralta.
Mcintosh, John B., Florida. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Peninsula campaign. Marked conduct at White
Oak Swamp. Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, when Stu-
art's cavalry worked around toward the Federal rear, July
3d, Mcintosh, who understood Stuart's tactics and had dis-
cerned his position, moved dismounted cavali*y forward
about 2 p. M. Confederates met them. More of his cav-
alry moved up, and he sent for reenforcements. He drove
Confederates back, occupying their position about the
Rummel house. When the full Confederate line charged
the reenforced Federals, Mcintosh had his left charge,
rallying staff, buglers and orderlies, and gathering up
other men for the charge, and struck the Confederate right
flank. The flank attack told on the Confederates. They
fell back to their starting point. Mcintosh established an
advanced skirmish line. His bravery and generalship
stood the Federals in need. Wilderness. Battles around
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 335
Petersburg. Dash and good management at Opequon,
where he lost a leg. The Ashland cavalry fight was
brought on by him, in a successful dash at the railroad
bridges over the South Anna.
INIcMillan, James W., Kentucky. Major General of
Volunteers. Commanded a division in the Red River cam-
paign. At Pleasant Grove, he was brought up when
Emory's right was heavily pressed, and restored the hope.
At Pleasant Hill, when the army was breaking, his men
made a charge, which was of vital aid. The Confederates
exposed their right flank, and were thrown into confusion,
and the Federals held on till night. At Cedar Creek, after
the Confederate pursuit had been checked, the end brigade
on the Confederate left was not in touch with the next
brigade. In the Federal counter-attack, McMillan's divi-
sion enveloped the Confederate left flank and broke It.
The retreat of the left wing ensued.
JMcNair, Antoine R., Louisiana. Commanded the Semi-
nole. Attack on Fort Sumter in 1862, and defenses of
Charleston. Capture of batteries on Morris Island. In
command of the Powhatan and New Ironsides. He par-
ticipated in both attacks on Fort Fisher.
Marshall, Chas. A., Kentucky. Led the advance of
Nelson in his campaign in eastern Kentucky in 1861.
Bore the brunt of the fight at Ivy Creek.
Marshall, William R., Missouri. Fought Indians first
part of the War. Battles near Tupelo after June, 1864.
Expedition to Oxford, Miss., in August. Engaged in pur-
suit of Price through Arkansas and Missouri. At Nash-
ville, December 15th, in assault on a Confederate redoubt
on the Hillsboro pike, commanding a brigade, he led the
men over the works, captured the guns and pursued
the Confederates a half mile. On the 16th, he led his bri-
gade in a charge on the Confederate works, and, on horse-
back, was among the first over the breastworks and among
the gunners, capturing the Pointe Coupee battery of four
336 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERiVLS
brass pieces. He led his brigade in the advance on Spanish
Fort. He was wounded in the neck, but continued in
command.
Martin, Jas. S., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Atlanta campaign.
Matthews, E. O., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander.
Assisted in the capture of the forts at Hatteras Inlet.
Commanded the Sonoma. In land and water expedition up
Broad River, November 28th, 1864, against the railroad
connecting Charleston and Savannah. He commanded
naval light artillery at Honey Hill. Battles at Tulifinny
Cross Roads, December, 1864.
Maynadier, Henry E., Virginia. Performed courageous
and good service while commanding the mortar flotilla dur-
ing the operations against Island No. 10 and other Con-
federate forts on the Mississippi River. He did good
service in the battle of Memphis. Honorable service on
the frontier while operating against hostile Indians, and
accomplishing much toward bringing about peace with hos-
tile tribes.
Mayo, William K., Virginia. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded the Kanaicha, November, 1862. Fight with
Fort Morgan, October 12th, 1863, displaying bravery.
At the beginning of 1864, he was in the West Gulf Block-
ading Squadron. In July, 1864, he took command of the
monitor Nahant in front of Charleston, and discovered the
port was not closed to commerce. A more vigorous system
was adopted with good results. Fall of Charleston.
Meigs, Montgomery C, Georgia. Brigadier General
U. S. Army. Quartemnaster General, U. S. Army.
Formed a plan and proposed an expedition for throwing
in troops and mounting heavy guns at Fort Pickens. He
organized and conducted the expedition, and it relieved the
Fort. As chief engineer for it, he was at Fort Pickens
in a government vessel when the Atlantic, chartered by him,
and the Powhatan arrived, with soldiers, artillery and pro-
visions. Pensacola. He directed the equipping and sup-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 337
plying of the armies in the field, May 15th, 1861, to the
end of the War. He issued proposals for the building of
iron-clads for the Mississippi River, and contracted on be-
half of the Government for the building of a number of
iron-clad gunboats for the western waters. Seven were
launched before the close of 1861. He was present at
Bull Run. He provided transportation and supplies for
the forces at Chattanooga, and was present during its bom-
bardment and investment. Engaged in the battle of Chat-
tanooga. In command of Belle Plain and Fredericksburg
(base of supplies of the Army of the Potomac) Ma}^ 16th—
18th, 1864. On special mission to Bermuda Hundred,
IMa}^ 21st— 26th. Defense of Washington, commanding a
brigade of quartermaster's employes and other troops,
forming the division occupying the trenches east of Fort
Stevens, July 11th— 14th, 1864. At Savannah January
5th-29th, 1865, suppl3ang and refitting the army there.
At Goldsboro INIarch 22d to April 13th, directing the open-
ing of communications for again supplying annies.
Meigs, John R., District of Columbia. Bull Run.
Rocky Gap. Droop Mountain. Chief Engineer of the
Department of West Virginia, November 8d, 1863, to
August 17th, 1864. In Salem raid. Raid upon Staunton,
^May, 1864. New Market. Lynchburg raid. Piedmont.
Diamond Hill. Chief Engineer middle military division,
Shenandoah Valley army, August 17th to October 3d,
1864. Opequon. Fisher's Hill.
Merchant, Clarke, Georgia. In command of the Pensa-
cola and Roanoke.
Meredith, Solomon, North Carolina. Major General
of Volunteers. South Mountain. Antietam. He was
wounded at Gainesville, ^' a. He commanded the " Iron
Brigade." Fredericksburg. Forced the crossing of the
Rappahannock in April, 1863. Chancellorsville. He
opened, as regards the infantry, the three-days' battle of
Gettysburg. He swung around his Iron Brigade at a
critical juncture, struck Archer on the flank and helped
338 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
capture him and several hundred prisoners. He pursued
across Willoughby Run. The Federals reestablished their
line on INIcPherson's ridge as a result of Meredith's suc-
cess, he holding McPherson's wood. He repeatedly re-
pulsed Confederate assaults, but the retirement of other
troops uncovered his left and he fell back to successive
positions, inflicting heavy losses. Some of his men manned
a battery, raked Scales' brigade and broke it. Meredith
was severely wounded. Next day the Iron Brigade was on
Gulp's hill. It suffered next to the heaviest loss at
Gettysburg, — 1,153, to the Confederate Armstead's 1,191.
In command of Cairo early in 1864, and of Paducah to the
close of the War.
Middleton, Edward, South Carolina. Naval Captain.
Commanded steam sloops in the Pacific Squadron from
1861 to 1865.
Miles, D. S., Maryland. Defenses of Washington, July,
1861. He commanded the reserves at the battle of Bull
Run. Commanded a brigade guarding the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad. Opposed Jackson's demonstration against
Harper's Ferry, May 26th to 30th, 1862. He was in com-
mand of Harper's Ferry when it surrendered, and was
mortally wounded.
Missroun, J. S., South Carolina. Ordnance officer, Bos-
ton navy yard.
Mitchel, O. McKnight, Kentucky. Major General of
Volunteers. In command of Department of the Ohio, Sep-
tember 19th to November 15th, 1861. He constructed de-
fenses at Cincinnati. Organized an expedition for the
occupation of east Tennessee October 10th, 1861. As-
signed to command of Camp Jenkins, near Louisville,
November 19th. He organized volunteers at Louisville.
December 3d, 1861, he was given command of the 3d divi-
sion. Army of the Ohio. He served with the Army of the
Ohio during the campaigns of Tennessee that winter. He
occupied Bowling Green, hurrying A. S. Johnston's rear-
guard thence. Occupied Nashville in February, 1862.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 339
He made one of the most noted expeditions of the early
history of the War, best known as the " locomotive chase."
Starting at Nashville, he marched through Murfreesboro
and Fayetteville, and arrived at Huntsville, Ala., April
11th, 1862, capturing many railroad trains and engines:
pushed on to Tuscumbia, and sent an expedition to Russell-
villc, Ala. At Bridgeport, he caused a portion of his com-
mand to confront tlie Confederates, and the main force to
make a detour and advance upon Bridgeport. The Con-
federates were surprised and driven across the Tennessee
River. He took Bridgeport. He dispersed the other por-
tion of the Confederate force, coming up to assist their
comrades. He took possession of the railroad from De-
catur to Stephenson. He was placed in command of all
the troops between Nashville and Huntsville. He sent an
expedition against Rogersville, and gained control of all
of Alabama north of the Tennessee River. Chattanooga
was assailed June 6th, 1862, under his orders. His opera-
tions drew Kirby Smith from east Tennessee, and opened
the way for the seizure of Cumberland Gap. The Con-
federate plan of campaign was deranged by ISIitchel's
expedition against Chattanooga. He was transferred to
command at Port Royal in June, 1862. In command of
the Department of the South and 10th corps, September
17th to October 30th, 1862.
Morris, T. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Appointed Quarteraiaster General of Indiana, and
had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first regiments.
As General, he commanded the first brigade of troops that
went from that State. West Virginia campaign. He
sent two columns to Philippi by night, which surprised
and routed the Confederates. His were the troops at
Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford — Federal successes. He
pursued the Confederates from Laurel Hill. He had been
placed in command of all tlie troops in western Virginia,
while a superior was not present.
Morrow, Henry A., Virginia. Major General of Vol-
840 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
unteers. Fredericksburg. Good conduct at Fitzhugh's
Crossing. Honorable mention at Chancellorsville. Expe-
dition to Port Royal and Northern Neck, and to Westmore-
land C. H. Wounded at Gettysburg the first day while
can'ying the flag of a regiment after four color-bearers
had been killed and three wounded. Prisoner July 1st to
4th. Escaping, he rejoined his command. Commanded a
brigade at Culpeper. Severely wounded at the Wilder-
ness. Severely wounded at Dabney's Mills. Gallantry
and good conduct in operations before Petersburg. Gal-
lant and meritorious at Hatcher's Run, severely wounded
while bearing the colors of a regiment in rallying troops.
In the expedition to Meherrin River and commanded the
rear-guard on retreat. Commanded the Iron Brigade from
Petersburg.
Murray, E. H., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Commanding cavalry, was eminent when Confed-
erates got in the Federal rear at Murfreesboro. Raised to
command of cavalry near Resaca May 14th, 1864.
Nelson, William, Kentucky. Major General of Volun-
teers. At Washington on ordnance duty when the War
began. He planned the bringing of muskets owned by the
United States Government into Kentucky. He organized
two camps and raised regiments. Established Camp Dick
Robinson. Made Lieutenant Commander July 16th, 1861,
and assigned to the command of gunboats patrolling the
Ohio River. His command at Camp Dick Robinson formed
the nucleus of Thomas' army. Formally exchanged from
the navy to the army, September 16th, 1861. He organ-
ized a force which drove the Confederates from eastern
Kentucky. Routed Confederates at Ivy Creek. Caused a
Confederate force to retire through Pound Gap. Placed
in command of the 4th division. Army of the Ohio, Decem-
ber 3d, 1861. He occupied Nashville. His rapid march
gave the army overljorne at Shiloh necessary reenforce-
ments. He got his leading brigade under Ammen on the
field in time for salvation of the army there from final dis-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 341
aster, arriving in j)cr.son with it, and entering into the
struggle. Anniien repulsed a charge at 6 :30 p. M. Nel-
son led the advance next day and was engaged in the battle.
After Forrest took Murfreesboro, July 13th, 1862, Nelson
moved against him, then constructed strong fieldworks at
jNIurfreesboro. When Confederate cavalry moved into
Kentucky, Nelson was sent there to organize troops, restore
connnunications and operate against them. He labored to
prepare against the advance of Kirby Smith into Kentucky,
August, 1862. He ordered troops to Richmond. Smith
came up with them and forced them back. In a new posi-
tion Nelson reached the field and was engaged toward the
end of the battle of Richmond, sustaining a w^ound. After
the defeat at Richmond, he went to Louisville, and organ-
ized from various directions 30,000 or 40,000 troops. He
commanded at Louisville when Bragg was marching to-
ward it ahead of the Federal army.
Newton, John, Virginia. Major General of Volunteers.
Chief Engineer, Department of Pennsylvania, May 29th
to July 23d, 1861, accompanying the army in the Shenan-
doah Valley. Falling Waters. Chief Engineer, Depart-
ment of the Shenandoah, July 25th to August 26th.
Assistant Engineer in the construction of the defenses of
Washington, September 23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862.
He commanded a brigade there at the same time. Showed
ability at West Point, Va. His brigade was the one most
heavily engaged. He repulsed the Confederates and occu-
pied advance ground by night. At Gaines' Mill, Newton,
arriving at 4 p. m., was sent to the center, drove back Con-
federates, and retook ground held by them a short time.
At Glendale his brigade did well. Served in the retreat
from Bull Run to Washington, September 1st and 2d,
1862. In the forcing of Crampton's Gap, Newton's ac-
tivity was conspicuous. His brigade helped take the Gap.
Distinction at South Mountain. He fought with force and
merit at Antietam. Commanded a division in the Rappa-
hannock campaign, December, 1862, to June, 1863.
342 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Fredericksburg. In the Chancellorsville campaign, New-
ton's division led from the river and opened the way to
the rear and left of Fredericksburg. The attack on
Marje's Heights was made under his direction — two col-
umns supported by a line. The onset was checked but
resumed, and the stone wall was carried. He reached the
Confederate flank. 1,000 prisoners and some artillery
were taken. At Salem Church, Newton, with the left wing,
made several vigorous assaults. There was a very severe
fight. The crest of the woods was gained, but the Con-
federates forced the Federals back. Newton made the
arrangements for withdrawal via Bank's Ford May 4th,
quickly acquainting himself with the roads thereto, and
having pontoons made ready. The troops were safely
crossed that night. Pennsylvania campaign. At Gettys-
burg the morning of the 1st, Newton took command of the
1st corps, which was in a terrible battle. It fought in
McPherson's woods, on Seminary Ridge, and in other
positions in its backward fight to Cemetery Ridge. Late
in the day, one of his divisions occupied Gulp's Hill. On
the 2d two of his divisions were brought up to the aid of
the left. One of his divisions Avas on Gulp's Hill during
Edward Johnson's attack. The right flank was turned by
the Confederates, who were stopped by two regiments of
the 1st corps placed in echelon. July 3d, most of his
troops occupied the line just south of where Pickett broke
the line. Newton stood behind batteries which opened
a destructive fire, causing the Confederates to drift further
away. The advance of two of his regiments, with the fire
of these batteries, helped cause Wilcox, Wright and Perry
to fall back. The troops of a brigade of the 1st corps
were pushed into a gap between the Confederate advancing
lines, and much of the assaulting line was broken off^ and
receded. This day Newton commanded also the 3d divi-
sion of the 6th corps. He retained command of the 1st
corps until the reorganization of the army, March, 1864.
During the battle Newton performed arduous, responsible
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 3^3
and trying duties. Following up of Lee to Warrenton.
Rapidan campaign, October to December, 1863. Invasion
of Georgia, connnanding a division in the Army of the
Cumberland, INIay 2d to September 24-th, 1864. Opera-
tions around Dalton. Buzzard's Roost Gap, May 7th,
1864. Engaged in storming Rocky Face Ridge. His
division and another charged and cleared the ridge at
Tunnel Hill. One of his brigades advanced along Rocky
Face Ridge May 8th. One-third of the edge was wrested
from the Confederates. On May 12th Newton was holding
the north end of the ridge and the surrounding roads.
Only one corps and some cavalry were present and John-
ston attacked. All the other troops were in motion, con-
centrating on Snake Creep Gap. A heavy column
advanced toward Newton's left. Wood moved to his sup-
port. The Confederates withdrew after driving back
Ne^vi•on^s skirmishers. At Rcsaca he relieved a division
which was hard pressed. He had to go over heavily ex-
posed ground to reach it. In the battle of Resaca, his and
R. W. Johnson's divisions plunged into the thicket and
worked their way into the reentrant angle in Hardee's front.
He grasped firmly the ground gained in his front. Adairs-
ville. Advance to Etowah River. Dallas. He engaged
Johnston's rear on the way to Kingston. INIovement on
Pine Mountain, with almost daily heavy engagements.
May 28th to June 20th, 1864. New Hope Church.
Pickett's Mills • — Confederates came out of their works,
and attacked Newton, and were repulsed with loss. At
Pine Mountain, his and another division, with supports,
carried an intrenched skirmish line, and advanced nearly
to Johnston's main line. One of his brigades at Mud
Creek captured by a rush an intrenched line and its de-
fenses. June 18th, Newton and Wood threw forward a
strong line of skirmishers, partly surprised the Confed-
erates, and took a portion of their main line. Johnston
abandoned his position. Kenesaw Mountain — his divi-
sion led one attack, and reached the Confederate works.
3U FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
He attacked again unsuccessful!}'. The position compared
in strength with the Cemetery at Gettysburg. Passage of
the Chattahoochee. At Peach Tree Creek, Newton, with
the practiced eye of an artillerist, had placed two guns in
an important location, without having reason to feel that
a battle impended. He held Thomas' left flank. He con-
structed light rail barricades. The Confederates advanced
in lines that overlapped him. There was a two-mile gap on
his left, and troops were not in line on his right. He made
dispositions for defense. His division was the first struck.
A division struck him in front and another passed his
left flank in the wide gap, and a third attacked his right
flank. He first repulsed the attack on his left, using re-
serve artillery ; next he repelled the front attack, his rifles
and cannon firing incessantly. One brigade which par-
ticipated then changed front at right angles and engaged
the third Confederate division, which had advanced between
Newton and the troops on the right, and had faced east.
The Confederates were ejected with the aid of Ward's
division. The second general attack of Hood commenced
on Newton's left, in the eff'ort to double up his line and take
it in reverse as well as in flank. Newton's guns and others
fired furiously and the attack was repulsed there, as else-
where. His command behaved admirably, and Newton's
defense was of a high order. Siege of Atlanta. Assault
on intrenchments at Jonesboro. Lovejoy's Station. Oc-
cupation of Atlanta. When Hood started against the
army's communications Newton was sent to Chattanooga.
His division and another were sent to contend with Forrest
in Tennessee. Forrest was expelled and communications
were restored. In command of District of Key West and
Tortugas, Fla., October, 1864, to the end. National
Bridge, near St. Marks, Fla. Newton contributed a nota-
ble part toward the withstanding and final dissipation of
the Confederate armies. He was an eminent engineer and
fought with assurance.
Nichols, E. T., Georgia. Commander. Commanded
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 34,5
the Winona, West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1861-2.
Took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St.
Philip, receiving fire from both forts. He received the
surrender of Fort St. Philip. He was in the attacks upon
and passage of the Vicksburg batteries, June 28th, 1862,
and July 15th, 1862. Engagement with Confederate ram
Arkansas. Commanded the Alabama. Successfully en-
gaged Confederate battery at Four Mile Creek, Va. He
was in command of the Mendota at the beginning of 1865.
Nicholson, W. C, Maryland. Commodore.
Nottingham had his name changed to John H. Upshur.
Oglesby, Richard J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. His men were the first to enter Fort Henry.
Distinction at Fort Donelson. At Corinth, Oglesby Avas
the first to receive the Confederate attack. He Avas fairly
formed to receive it, notwithstanding the suddenness. Se-
verely wounded, he was unable to fight afterward, though
assigned to the command of the 16th corps. He was
elected Governor of Illinois in 1864.
Ord, E. O. C, Maryland. Major General of Volunteers.
In command of the brigade forming the extreme right
before Washington, November, 1861, to May 2d, 1862.
In command of engaged troops at Dranesville, repulsing
Stuart, with spirit and merit. In command of a division
in the Department of the Rappahannock, May 16th to
June, 1862. He was at Front Royal with his division
while the army moved against Jackson to Port Republic
and Cross Keys. In command of Corinth, June to August,
1862. Commanded the left wing in the operations in
Mississippi, August— September, 1862. Advance upon
luka. He entered luka, September 20th. In command
of the District of Jackson, Tenn., September— October.
Ord joined Hurlbut, intercepting Van Dom's retreat cross-
ing the Hatchie. He assumed command, and the head
of the Confederate column was driven back. He was se-
verely wounded while fighting vigorously. The Confeder-
ates were forced to chanee their route. In command of
346 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
West Point, May 24th-25th, 1863. In command of tlic
13th corps, June 18th to October 28th. Siege of Vicks-
burg, June 18th to July 4th, 1863. Operations against
reheving forces and capture of Jackson, Miss., July 16th.
With army of western Louisiana, August to October, 1863.
In command of the 13th corps in the Department of the
Gulf, January 8th to February 20th, 1864. Commanded
troops assembled at Grafton, Webster and Beverly, W.
Va., April 6th to July 9th, 1864. In command of the
8th corps and all troops in the Middle Department, July
11th to 21st, 1864 ; of the 18th corps July 21st to Septem-
ber 30th in the operations before Petersburg and Rich-
mond. Ord, commanding the 18th corps, and Bimey,
carried Fort Harrison, with 15 guns and a considerable
portion of the intrenchments. The position gained seri-
ously threatened Richmond. Ord was severely Mounded in
the assault. In command of the Army of the James, in-
cluding the 24th and 25th corps, January 8th to the close
of the War ; of the Department of Virginia and North
Carolina, January 8th to February 6th, and of the De-
partment of Virginia, February 6th to the end of the War,
being engaged in the various operations around Peters-
burg, and the pursuit of Lee to Appomattox. When the
cavalry moved from White House March 24th for the
James River, Ord sent forces to cover the crossings of
the Chickahominy. Petersburg assault, April 2d, 1865
— Ord was engaged early and broke through intrench-
ments. About 8 :30 a. m. a report came from him of the
capture of works south of Hatcher's Run. He helped
greatly, carr3'ing a considerable portion of the Confederate
line, and taking many prisoners. Ord and the 6th coi'ps
swung to the right, closing all Confederates on that side
of them in Petersburg. One of Ord's divisions carried
Forts Gregg and Alexander, shortening besieging lines and
weakening the defenses of Petersburg. Fort Gregg fought
fiercely and was the last outer work to resist. April 4th,
Ord marched toward Burkeville, to head Lee off from Dan-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 347
ville. April Ctli, he pushed out to Rice's Station. He
scut a force to destroy High Bridge, beyond Sailor's
Creek, over the Appomattox River. The head of Lee's
marching column came upon this force of less than 600
infantry and cavalry, blocking their way back. They
charged Lee's advancing columns repeatedly. Most of
the men were killed or wounded, and the rest finally sur-
rendered. They cost Lee the loss of precious time and the
capture of a considerable part of his wagon trains. The
movement of his command contributed greatly to the suc-
cess at Sailor's Creek that day. While the Army of the
Potomac followed on the road taken by Lee, Ord, with
the Army of the James, marched along a more southerly
road to interpose in front of him. Ord marched with two
coi*ps from daylight on April 8th until the morning of the
9th, with a rest of only three hours, and deployed his
men, barring Lee's advance at Appomattox C. H., Ord
being present In person. The skillful, hard march through
the night was one of the chief causes of Lee's surrender.
Orme, W. W., District of Columbia. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. At Prairie Grove he crossed the creek and
forced Confederates back. He placed artillery which re-
pelled the Confederate advance. Orme fought strenuously
through the day, leading his troops to recover ground.
Siege of Vicksburg.
Otis, Elwell S., Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Fought well at Spotsylvania C. H. He com-
manded a regular brigade in the operations around Peters-
burg, and during the fall of 1864 on and near the Weldon
Railroad. A rifle ball passed through the left side of
his head while serving on the line of the Weldon Railroad,
Palmer, J. McA., Kentucky. Major General of Volun-
teers. Organized a regiment in Illinois. He accompanied
Fremont in his Springfield campaign. New Madrid. Is-
land No. 10. Placed in command of a division in Sep-
tember, 1862. At Stone River, he advised against trying
to occupy Murfreesboro. In the battle of Stone River, he
548 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
had severe fighting. He Avitlistood terrific assaults in tlie
final position. He was so nearly enveloped that the re-
serve changed front to the rear. His strong, skillful and
helpful services in the battle were recognized. At Chick-
amauga, the 19th, he reconnoltered to the north. When
the Confederates broke the line and moved to double up
the flank, he sent supports. The quick reformation of
his division helped avert disaster. There was a chasm be-
tween Thomas and Crittenden. Palmer and Johnson
moved forward, and forced Cheatham back, after an hour's
fighting. On the 20th he supported Thomas' right, and
held his part of the line against Bragg's earnest efforts.
When Breckenridge, on the Confederate right, took the
Federal main line in reverse, reserve brigades of Palmer,
Johnson and Brannan drove him back and around the Fed-
eral left. Furious attacks upon Palmer failed. He was
again attacked when leaving the field. Palmer's heroism
appears at Chickamauga. Assigned to the command of
the 14th corps, October 28th, 1863. Palmer participated
in the taking of Missionary Ridge. When the Confed-
erate left was turned, a division retreating north struck
upon Palmer where the Federals were already victorious,
and he took many prisoners. He overtook and charged
the rear-guard, breaking it and capturing three guns. In
pursuit after the battle, he picked up many prisoners and
much abandoned property. Atlanta campaign. He took
possession of Tunnel Hill February 24th, 1864. He occu-
pied Thomas' center at Rocky Face Ridge, attacking the
Gap. Sent a brigade up one of the spurs south of Buz-
zard's Roost Gap. At Pickett's Mill he was in the attempt
to turn the Confederate right. June 10th, Palmer's corps
advanced toward Pine Mountain, and gained an eminence
within artillery range. He was actively engaged at Xene-
saw Mountain. His troops led one attack, and succeeded
in making a shelter close to the Confederate works. His
left received part of the attack at Peach Tree Creek. The
troops were driven from the works, but the enfilade fire
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 349
of cannon caused the Confederates to yield them. August
4th Pahner felt the Confederate line heavily. In Febru-
ary, 1865, he was placed in command of the Mllitar^^ De-
partment of Kentucky. He was actively engaged at
Kingston.
Patterson, Thomas H., Louisiana. Commander. Com-
manded the Chocura in Hampton Roads the early part of
1862. Before Yorktown. His was the leading gunboat
in the expedition up the Pamunkey River to White PIousc
to open the way and in support of the army. He co-
operated with the advance at White House in checking
the approach of Confederates. He proceeded to West
Point. He was senior officer of the naval forces in the
York and Pamunkey rivers and in constant cooperation
with the Anny of the Potomac from June to October.
Commanded the James Adger from November 18th, 1862.
Operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between Jan-
uary' and July, 1863. On blockade duty off Wilmington,
July 7th, 1863. He cut out the steamer Kate from under
the batteries at New Inlet near Fort Fisher, July 31st. At-
tack upon and capture of flying batteries near Fort Fisher,
August, 1863. He destroyed the clipper Hebb. Captured
blockade runners, schooner Ella, Cornubia, and the Robert
E. Lee, loaded with arms and supplies for the Confederate
army. He took part in the blockade of Charleston. Sen-
ior officer of outside blockade off Charleston, September
15th, 1864.
Paul, Gabriel R., Missouri. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Operations in New Mexico, 1861-2. He did
good service in helping to keep the Confederates out of
New IMexico. In command of Fort Union, December
13th, 1861, to March, 1862, and of the southern Military
District of New IMexico, March to September, 1862. Pe-
ralta. Fredericksburg. Rappahannock campaign. Chan-
cellorsville. At Gettysburg he was attacked by Iverson.
His and another brigade defeated Iverson, w^ho lost 500
killed and wounded and three regiments captured. He
850 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
fought with valor and merit, and was shot, losing the sight
of both eyes.
Pendergrast, Austin, Kentucky. Was in command of
the Congress the latter part of the conflict with the Vir-
ginia. He went ashore. Engaged in operations of the
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron between January
and July, 1863. He commanded the Water Witch,
1862—64. She was boarded by the Confederates, and he
was cut down while defending her.
Pendergrast, G. J., Kentucky. Commodore. Com-
manded the Home Squadron. Cumberland.
Pennock, Alex. M., Virginia. Naval Captain. In com-
mand of Cairo. Had charge of it till the close of the
War. In 1862, he was appointed fleet captain of the
INIississippi Squadron, and served in that capacity with
notable success until the close of 1864, gaining a reputa-
tion for high executive ability. In command of the Mis-
sissippi Squadron for a short while.
Pike, Edward C, Missouri. Brigadier General Enrolled
Missouri Militia.
Pleasanton, Alfred, District of Columbia. Major Gen-
eral of Volunteers. Organizing volunteers at Wilmington,
Del., Api'il, 1861. Marched a regiment from Utah to
Washington, September— October, 1861. Defenses of
Washington, November, 1861, to March, 1862. Before
Yorktown. Seven Days' Battles. Engaged in covering
the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to Yorktown,
August 18th— 19th. In command of advance cavalry divi-
sion in Mar^'land campaign, being engaged in driving Con-
federates from Poolsville, Bamesville, and Sugar Loaf
Mountain, Frederick City and through Cactochin Pass.
South Mountain. Having learned the ground at Turner's
Gap by reconnoissance, he posted the advance troops of
Reno's corps. His batteries were well served. He drove
back the Confederate cavalry at Boonsboro. At Antie-
tam he, advanced about three brigades of cavalry and four
batteries across Boonsboro bridge, supported by a regi-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 351
ment of regulars. Presently the line was reenforced by
three more batteries and Buchanan's brigade of regulars.
They felt the Confederate line heavily. Shepherdstown.
Martinsburg. Fredericksburg. He had the advance with
a small cavalry force in the movement from near Falmouth
toward Chancellorsville to turn Lee's left flank. At Chan-
cellorsville he watched Confederates marching by Catharine
Furnace. When Jackson routed the 11th corps, he had
a regiment charge into the woods, which had effect. Some
of his cavalry attacked Jackson's right flank. He got his
batter^' of horse artillery into position. Six more guns
were off'ered him, and he succeeded in getting ten more,
making twenty-two. He poured in canister. Three
charges against the guns were made and repelled with exe-
cution. In front of these batteries Jackson fell. He had
a large part in staying Jackson's advance, and saving the
army from serious disaster. He finally had forty guns in
position. The artillery was engaged against Jackson's
infantry at night. This artillery did heavy execution next
day against Stuart. In command of cavalry corps, June
7th, 1863, to March 26th, 1864. Beverly Ford. Aldie.
Middleburg. Upperville. Commander of the cavalry
corps at Gettysburg. He had Buford enter Gettysburg,
June 30th p. m. He moved from Emmitsburg July 3d
directly toward the baggage and ammunition trains of Lee,
and was met at Fairfield by Confederate cavalry. He
fought with courage and merit. Following up of Lee to
Warrenton. Capture of Culpeper C. H. In command at
Brandy Station, October 11th, 1863. In the Department
of Missouri, March 23d, 1864, to the end of the War.
He followed Price from St. Louis, was engaged in the
defense of Jefferson City, followed him up the Missouri
River, and at the Big Blue River, just as the army was
being driven from the line of the Big Blue, Pleasanton's
cavalry came up and attacked Price's rear east of Inde-
pendence, routing it. Pleasanton sent a message to the
army reporting his arrival. By sundown next day Price
352 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
was retreating. Pleasanton was In command of the cavalry
pursuing Price toward Fort Scott, Kan. At Marais des
Cygnes, part of Price's army made a stand, with the ar-
tillery on a high mound in the prairie. Pleasanton's cav-
alry charged handsomely, broke the Confederate line, and
captured Generals iMannaduke and Cabell and a large
number of men and ten guns. Price retreated, harassed
by the cavalry, and was pursued out of Missouri. Pleas-
anton's career in the War was creditable.
Pleasanton, Augustus J., District of Columbia. Brig-
adier General Pennsylvania militia, organizing and com-
manding a home guard of 10,000 men for the defense of
Philadelphia.
Pope, Curran, Kentuck}-. Was mortally wounded while
commanding a brigade at Perryville.
Pope, John, Kentucky. Major General of Volunteers.
In command of the District of Northern Missouri, July
17th to October, 1861. In August he was operating with
5,000 men in northern Missouri. In command of the 2d
division of the army operating against Price in ]\Iissouri,
October to December, 1861, and of the District of Central
Missouri, December, 1861, to February 18th, 1862. In
^Missouri, he organized rapidly an army of about 12,000
men ; surrounded Confederates and captured at INIilf ord a
large suppl}^ of provisions and numerous prisoners, and
compelled the retreat of Price from the Osage River to the
•southern border of Missouri. In command of the Army of
the Mississippi in the movement on New Madrid, terminat-
ing in its occupation. Pope, by skill and industry, opened a
canal from a point above Island No. 10 to New Madrid, by
which he interposed between the Confederate army and
the line of supply and retreat. His reputation was en-
hanced by the capture of Island No. 10. He captured a
large part of the retreating Confederate army at and near
Tiptonville. In the movement 5,000 prisoners were taken
without the loss of a man. Pope, with 20,000 men in
transports, moved down to Fort Pillow. He was withdrawn
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 353
thence to the army advancing upon Corinth, commanding
the Army of the Mississippi therein. At Farmington, a
division of Pope's wing was assailed by a large force and
fought for several hours. Upon the evacuation of Cor-
inth, Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, pur-
sued, capturing provisions, arms and supplies. He
pursued to Baldwin. In command of the Army of Vir-
ginia, June 2Tth to September 2d, 1862. Cedar Mountain.
Bristoe Station, where some captures of Confederates were
made. Groveton. Manassas Junction. Gainesville. Ger-
mantown. He was defeated at Second Bull Run. Chan-
tilly. From September 7th, 1862, to January 30th, 1865,
he was in command of the Department of the Northwest,
comprising Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Ten-ito-
ries of Dakota and Nebraska. In command of the Mili-
tary Division of the Missouri, January 30th to the end.
Porter, W. D., Louisiana. Commodore. Columbus,
Ky. He helped fit out the gunboat fleet. He designed
and superintended the construction of the gunboats Fort
Henri/ and Choctaw, and transformed the Essex into a
gunboat. Efficiently aided in the battle of Fort Henry,
commanding the Essex. The Essex was the target of the
Confederates, but dismounted five of their guns. The
boiler of the Essex was struck and Porter was severely
scalded. At Vicksburg July 22d, 1863, he passed the bat-
teries and attacked the Arkansas. His vessel was badly
cut up by the batteries. Near Baton Rouge, with the
Essex and other vessels he engaged the Arkansas; pierced
her through and through, and disabled her steering gear.
She was driven ashore and set on fire and destroyed. He
received the capitulation of Natchez. Porter left Baton
Rouge in the Essex and followed the Confederate gunboat
Webb to Vicksburg, and, returning, was engaged by the
Port Hudson batteries. Attack on the Vicksburg batteries.
Porter fought past all the batteries between Cairo and New
Orleans.
Powell, Albert M., Maryland. Operations in Missouri,
854 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
September, 1861, to February, 1862. New Madrid. Is-
land No. 10. Advance upon Corinth. Chief of Artillery
to a division, October to December, 1862. Holly Springs
expedition, December, 1862, to April, 1863. Chief of
Artillery 17th coi-ps, February, 1863, to July, 1864.
Vicksburg campaign. Port Gibson. Bolton. Jackson.
Champion Hills. Defenses of Vicksburg, July, 1863, to
April, 1864.
Prentiss, B. M., Virginia. Major Greneral of Volunteers.
In command of Cairo from May ITth, 1861. He organ-
ized camps of instruction there. June 5th, 1861, he broke
up an anti-Federal camp five miles inland from Cairo. He
occupied Cape Girardeau, Pilot Knob and Ironton from
falling into the hands of Hardee. In command of the dis-
trict of northern Missouri, he made a campaign, starting
December 24th, 1861, driving the Confederates at Mt.
Zion, resulting in the dispersal of the Confederates north
of the Missouri River in Missouri. He assisted in driving
Price out of Missouri In February, 1862. He served in
Missouri till April, 1862. At Shiloh he sent out a brigade
to find out what was the exact force of the Confederates.
His action prevented Johnston's attack from being a com-
plete surprise. He fought hard during the day, and, when
part of the line gave way in the afternoon, the Confeder-
ates surrounded him, and captured him and a part of his
division. Commanding Helena, Ark., he resisted the at-
tack of Holmes and Price, and Federal vessels came to
his relief.
Prevost, C. M., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Peninsula campaign. Antietam. Chancellors-
ville.
Price, Samuel W., Kentucky. At Murfreesboro he held
the ford necessary to guard against the turning of the left
flank. January 2d, he was heavily engaged there and
driven. He gallantly led a regiment in assault of June
27th, 1864, on the position on the Moulton and Dallas
road and Kenesaw Mountain, capturing and holding the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 355
position, although greatly outnumbered, until reen-
forced.
Price, T. L., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volunteers.
Purviance, Hugh Y., Maryland. Commodore. Com-
manded the frigate St. Lawrence, of the Charleston block-
ading squadron, in 1861. He captured the privateer Pe-
trel, the first prize of the War. Commanding the St.
Lawrence, he took part in the fight with the Virginia, and
the attack on Sewell's Point.
Queen, Walter W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commander. With the Powhatan, April, 1861, he re-
enforced Fort Pickens. He commanded the 2d division,
seven vessels of the mortar flotilla, during the bombard-
ment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, doing good work ;
and during the passage of the Vicksburg batteries. He
commanded the steamers Florida and Wyalusing, — the lat-
ter in the engagement with the ram Albemarle and her
consorts, BomhsheV. and Cotton-Plant, at the mouth of the
Roanoke River. The Wyalusing was so badly damaged
that she was thought by those aboard to be sinking.
Radford, William, Virginia. Commodore. Commanded
the frigate Cumberland in 1862. He was executive officer
at the Brooklyn navy yard, May, 1862, to INIay, 1861;.
Commanded the iron-clad division of the Squadron and
the New Ironsides in both attacks on Fort Fisher. The
New Ironsides led the way in the first attack and also in
the second, when, after the sailors' assault had failed, she
used her 11 -inch guns with great eff^ect in firing into the
traverses filled with Confederates, who were resisting the
advance of tlie Federal soldiers. This confused the Con-
federates. They left the traverses. He showed ability in
fighting, maneuvering his vessel and taking care of his
division. His vessel did more execution than any other.
The monitors under Radford took the fire of the Fort the
13th and 14th and returned it. He commanded the James
River division of the North Atlantic Squadron until the
fall of Richmond.
356 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Ramsay, Francis M., District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commander. IMilliken's Bend, April 9th, 1863. Com-
manded the Choctaw in the engagements at Haines' Bluff,
April 29th and 30th and May 1st, 1863. In the movement
up the Yazoo River, May 15th, 1863, to open communica-
tion with the army. Destruction of Confederate navy
yard and vessels at Yazoo City. Confederates attacked
Milliken's Bend driving the garrison from the works to
the levee, June 7th. In the Choctaw, he prevented their
capture by shelling the Confederates. Siege of Vicksburg.
Ramsay, on a floating battery, enfiladed Confederate bat-
teries, and sustained a heavy fire, on the Federal right.
He commanded an expedition via Red up the Black and
Ouachita rivers, February 29th, 1864. At Trinity and
Harrisonburg he repulsed Polignac. He went nearly to
Monroe, La., on the Ouachita River. He commanded an
expedition into the Atchafalaya River, June, 1864. In
a favorable engagement at Simmsport. Commanded Una-
dilla 1864—5, both attacks on Fort Fisher. Several en-
gagements with Fort Anderson and other forts on the
Cape Fear River, January— February, 1865. Capture of
Richmond.
Ramsay, George D., Virginia. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. In command of the Washington arsenal, 1861—3.
Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army.
Ransom, D. R., North Carolina. Fought well at Fred-
ericksburg. Chancellorsville. He was wounded com-
manding an artillery brigade at Gettysburg. Keameys-
ville. He commanded a horse artillery brigade in the
Wilderness campaign and through Cold Harbor. Cedar
Creek.
Rencher, Abraham, North Carolina. Governor of New
Mexico. Helped hold it to the Federals.
Reno, Jesse L., Virginia. Major General of Volunteers.
In command of the Leavenworth arsenal from the begin-
ning of the War to December 6th, 1861. Capture of
Roanoke Island, where he led the left. He penetrated a
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 357
morass, the Confederate flanks were turned and they were
routed. He went over the defenses at New Bern ; then
helped take the works. He commanded the expedition
against Camden. Winton, Plymouth and Washington
were occupied, and the North Carolina coasts remained in
the possession of the Federals the rest of the year. In
command of a division in the Department of North Caro-
lina, April to August, 1862. In the movement to Newport
News and Rappahannock, August, 1862. In command of
the 9th coi-ps and a division at Second Bull Run. He re-
enforced the line and participated in an assault about 1
p. M. At 5 p. M. his corps and another attacked Hill and
forced his lines back, crowding Jackson's left toward his
center. The next day his corps fought with fine mettle.
Some of his troops remained on the Henry House hill until
about 9 p. M. He covered the retreat. He was prompt,
earnest and soldierly. At Chantilly one of his divisions
drove two of A. P. Hill's brigades back in much confusion.
At Turner's Gap he went to the front and assumed direc-
tion of affairs, opening the battle. His corps and another
forced the Gap, and some of his troops carried the crest
of Fox's Gap. He drove the Confederates from the
heights on one side of the main pike at South Mountain.
He had outflanked the Confederates. He was killed
about 7 P. M. while gallantly leading his men. Reno
was an officer of marked ability, a zealous and ingenious
fighter.
Reynolds, Joseph J., Kentucky. Major General of Vol-
unteers. In command of Camp Morton, Indianapolis,
April to May, 1861. In command of the Cheat Mountain
District, July to December, 1861. Greenbrier River. At
Cheat Mountain he held his position. Elk River. The
Confederates were foiled in their eff'orts to force him out
of western Virginia. His services there were of merit. He
was engaged in organizing Indiana volunteers, January to
November, 1862. Campaigns of the Army of the Cum-
berland 1862-3. April 20th, 1863, he made a successful
358 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
raid with 4,000 infantry and 2,600 cavalry, destroying
the railroad track, capturing 180 prisoners and large sup-
plies, and returning to Murfreesboro without loss. Mc-
Millinsville. At Hoover's Gap one of his brigades attacked
the Confederates and drove them back to the southern
end, when Reynolds and Brannan supported them with five
brigades and the Confederates retreated. He operated
against the front and left north of Garrison Creek. At
Chickamauga on the 19th by good generalship and fight-
ing he restored the broken line in his front. He sent help
to another portion of the line. The quick reformation
of portions of Palmer's and his troops arrested disaster.
With Johnson, he largely repulsed the attack on the Fed-
eral left. He was with Johnson and Palmer in the next
day's battle. Wlien Reynolds' right was exposed by the on-
imsh of Longstreet through the gap in the Federal line,
he changed front so that his line was at right angles with
the line on his left. There he held firmly to Palmer's
right. The Confederates advanced in the woods in his
rear. When orders to withdraw from the field were given,
a force was found to have gained the woods in Reynolds'
rear. He charged and ousted the Confederates, part of
whom were driven beyond the Federal left. He performed
useful service at Lookout Mountain. His courage and
merit were displayed at Missionary Ridge. Commanded
defenses at New Orleans from January to June, 1864. In
command of the 19th corps July 7th, 1864. He was en-
gaged in organizing forces for the capture of Forts
Gaines and Morgan and the City of Mobile, June 16th
to August 2d, 1864. In command on the IMississlppl
River from its mouth to Memphis, October to December,
1864 ; temporaril}' of the Military Division of West Mis-
sissippi, November, 1864, and of the Department of Arkan-
sas, November 29th, 1864, to the end of the War.
Ridgely, D. B., Kentucky. Naval Captain. Com-
manded the Santiago d^ Cuba. He was successful in the
capture of blockade nmners. He commanded the Shenan-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 359
doah in both attacks on Fort Fisher. Bull's Bay expe-
dition.
Ringgold, Cadwalader, Maryland. Commodore. He
connnanded the frigate Sabine.
Rodgers, John, Maryland. Commodore. Took the
first step in the creation of the Mississippi flotilla by pur-
chasing the Conestoga, Lexington and Tyler, which he
converted into gunboats at Cincinnati and equipped and
manned them. He made a reconnoissance in force of Port
Royal harbor. Performed many useful services in the
battle of Port Royal, and hoisted the U. S. flag over Fort
Walker. In the Little Tybee River, near Savannah he
opened fire on the five Confederate vessels, which were
driven back. He took possession of Tybee Island. Rod-
gers made expeditions along the coast following the battle
of Port Royal. In command of the Galena. He was or-
dered to ascend the James River to Richmond, if possible.
After two engagements with batteries, which were silenced,
the fleet reached Fort Darling. His attack on Fort Dar-
ling opened the way for the advance of the Army of the
Potomac within seven miles of Richmond, the Confederate
army crossing the Chickahominy immediately after. Two-
thirds of his crew were killed or wounded in the engage-
ment. With gunboats he convoyed transports with
supplies for the Peninsula army up the James River.
Comminiication of the army on its retreat to Malvern Hill
was opened June 29th, 1862. Rodgers' fleet cannonaded
the Confederates during the battle of ]\Ialvem Hill, reach-
ing Magruder's rear. He commanded the Weehateken in
the naval attack on Charleston, April 7th, 1863, and in *
various operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between
January and July, 1863. He captured the heavier iron-
clad Atlanta stranded in Warsaw Sound, Ga. After her
capture, she was readily repaired. The development of
the capabilities and qualities of attack and resistance of
the monitors was much due to Rodgers' daring and moral
courage. He commanded the Dictator In 1864—5.
360 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Rousseau, Lovell H., Kentucky. Major General of
A^olunteers. Soon after the outbreak of the War, Rous-
seau went to Washington and obtained authority to recruit
a brigade. He proposed and estabhshed Camp Joe Holt,
opposite Louisville, recruiting there. He raised two regi-
ments of Kentucky troops. He helped protect Louisville
from Buckner in September, 1861. He was steady at Shi-
loh, handled his brigade well, and retook McClernand's
headquarters. At Perryville, when the right was turned,
he had a battery of six guns worked, stopping the ad-
vance. He and Jackson commanded the two divisions en-
gaged of the corps. He repulsed heavy attacks, but was
finally forced back. The defense was managed largely by
him. At Stone River, holding the reserve line, he gained
much credit. He sent a battalion of regulars to assist
the front. Against the Confederates working around into
the rear he charged desperately, hurling them back into the
cedars. Four assaults were made on his position. In
checking the Confederates, after retiring to a new posi-
tion, he gave time for the formation of a battle line on
high ground. Later, his and one of Crittenden's divisions
put Hardee on the defensive. Tullahoma campaign.
Around Hoover's Gap he helped drive Confederates from
the heights north of Gari'ison Creek. Chickamauga. Chat-
tanooga. From November, 1863, he was in command of
the districts of the Tennessee. He was stationed at Nash-
ville In 1864 for the protection of communications in the ad-
vance on Atlanta. He prevented Wheeler from damaging
the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. July 10th, 1864,
he started from Decatur, Ala., with two brigades, on an
expedition into Alabama and Georgia, which he had sug-
gested and organized. He marched southeast far down
in Alabama to Opelika, with the important object of sev-
ering railroad communication with the west, and preventing
reenforcements and supplies from the west from reaching
Johnston. He burnt provisions at Youngstown, Ala. He
reached a point 100 miles In Johnston's rear. He sent
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 361
out raiders on the Atlanta and Montgonici-j Railroad, who
destroyed a large section of it. He did some harm to the
branch road. He defeated Clanton at the Coosa River.
He joined the main armies at Marietta. In 15 days he
had traversed 450 miles, taken and paroled 2,000 prison-
ers, killed and wounded 200 and captured large supplies.
Rousseau pursued Wheeler in Tennessee, September 1st
to 8th, 1864. Forrest started against Federal posts and
communications in Tennessee. Rousseau's movements cir-
cumvented him. He repulsed Forrest at Pulaski. Rous-
seau went after Forrest when Forrest moved east, and
stopped him from damaging the railroad between Decherd
and Tullahoma. Forrest pushed on to Columbia, where
Rousseau confronted him and saved Columbia. Rousseau
commanded one of the four columns converged against
him. Rousseau defended Murfreesboro, with 8,000 men,
during the investment of Nashville, defeating an attack of
Forrest and infantry, who lost 1,500 men. Rousseau was
given command of the District of Middle Tennessee, head-
quarters Nashville, February 12th, 1865. He won honor
from the War.
Royall, William B., Virginia. Conspicuous at Han-
over C. H., May 2Tth, 1862. He fought the action of
Old Church ; made a stubborn fight, but was overwhelmed
by the numbers of the Confederates. He received six
saber wounds in hand-to-hand conflict, cut through the
Confederates and joined the main army. He performed
arduous and faithful service in the recruitment of the
armies of the United States.
Russell, John H., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander.
Was instrumental in the removal of vessels from the Nor-
folk navy yard, preventing them from falling into Con-
federate hands. In command of the Colorado. In a boat
expedition he destroyed the privateer Judah, protected
by shore batteries and 9,000 men, and regained the Col-
orado. He was severely wounded, and 20 of his 100 sailors
were killed or wounded. This stands out among the cut-
862 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ting-out affairs of the War. He commanded the Kennebec
in the passage of Forts Jackson and St. PhiHp, and was
present at their surrender. He participated in all opera-
tions of Farragut's fleet in the Mississippi up to Vicks-
burg. Engagement with Vicksburg batteries June 28th,
1862. Attacks on Vicksburg and Grand Gulf. In com-
mand of the Cyane and Pontine. Blockade at Mobile.
Sanders, William P., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Before Yorktown. Williamsburg. Mechan-
icsville. Hanover C. H. Maryland campaign. Opera-
tions in Kentucky, March to July, 1863. He met raid of
Scott, started July 28th, 1863. Routed him at Lancaster,
capturing 500. Later 500 more men were taken. Pur-
suit of Morgan. Blue Lick Springs. Chief of Cavalry,
Department of the Ohio, September— November, 1863.
Lenoir. He baffled Wlieeler and protected Nashville, No-
vember, 1863. Wheeler was needed by Longstreet to
shove infantry to Knoxville. At Campbell's Station he
was of special use to the army at Knoxville. He con-
structed rail barricades for his cavalry, and used them
dismounted to interpose a screen while the infantry dug
trenches. The time gained to the army was precious. He
exposed himself dangerously, to keep his men at their
posts, and was mortally wounded.
Sands, Benjamin F., Maryland. Naval Captain. Com-
manded the Dacotah and Fort Jackson. Senior officer,
in command of the division blockading Wilmington. In
command of that division from November, 1862, to Feb-
ruary, 1865. Engagements at Fort Caswell. He com-
manded the Fort Jackson in both attacks on Fort Fisher.
From February, 1865, to the end of the War he com-
manded the division blockading the Texas coast. Gun-
boats under Sands took possession of Galveston — the last
city to sun'ender.
Saunders, Alvin, Kentucky. Governor of Nebraska.
He raised 3,000 men for the Federal armies.
Scott, Gustavus H., Virginia. Naval Captain. Saved
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 363
army stores at Acquia Creek. Commanded the Keystone
State, Maratanza and De Soto. He captured the steamer
Salvor. He was with the blockading squadron occupied
on the North Carohna coast in maintaining the blockade
and fighting the shore batteries in Albemarle and Pamlico
sounds. He captured several blockade-runners. In the
Marhlehead, Scott sustained an attack by the batteries at
Fort Grimball, Stono River. He took part, commanding
the Canandaigua, in operations against Charleston, and
was the senior officer at its surrender.
Scott, Henry L., North Carolina. Inspector General
U. S. Army, May 14th, 1861. In command of the forces
at New York City, August 8th to October 30th, 1861.
Scott, Winfield, Virginia. Major General United States
Army. In chief command of the land forces of the United
States. Prior to Lincoln's inauguration, he caused to be
organized picked Washington volunteers, and called from
a distance two batteries of horse artillery, with small de-
tachments of cavalry and infantry — all regulars. He
Mas charged with the protection of Washington at the out-
set of the War. He directed the army's advance to Bull
Run. He continued in command till November 1st, 1861.
He was unable to walk ^nthout assistance for three years
prior to his retirement.
Seawell, Washington, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S.
Army. Retired from active service February 20th, 1862.
Semmes, Alexander A., District of Columbia. Lieuten-
ant Commander. Commanded the Tahoma, Wamsutta,
and, in the monitor Lehigh, he attacked batteries of
Tampa, April and October, 1863. He conducted a gen-
eral offensive warfare against forts and batteries on the
Florida and Georgia coasts, capturing a number of block-
ade-runners. He made a demonstration at Bayport, Fla.,
in September, 1863, which resulted in the destruction of
an English blockade-runner. He silenced and passed the
Howlett house batteries on James River in June, 186-1,
with a midnight bombardment. Bombardment of Fort
364 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Pringlc. In command of the Rhode Isltmd. He partici-
pated in operations at Charleston until its surrender, in-
cluding the Bull's Bay expedition. Fall of Richmond.
Shackelford, James M., Kentucky. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Raised two Kentucky regiments. His
command pursued and captured John H. Morgan, first
striking Morgan's rear at Buffington Island, and capturing
about 1,200. He led cavalry to Kingston, Tenn., August,
1863. Took Cumberland Gap, with 2,000 prisoners. He
pursued Longstreet after the siege of Knoxville was raised.
At Bean's Station and Morristown, Tenn., with 4,000 cav-
alry, he sustained an attack by a Confederate brigade and
parts of two others with artillery, falling back at night.
Shanks, John P. C, Virginia. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Served with Fremont in Missouri.
Shirley, Paul, Kentucky. Commander. Captured the
cruiser J. M. Chapman and the steamer Colon.
Shock, William H., Maryland. Superintended the con-
struction of river monitors at St. Louis. In the opera-
tions against Mobile he was Farragut's fleet engineer.
Fleet engineer to the Gulf Squadron in 1865. He de-
signed and constructed an instrument, very successful, for
the destruction of submerged torpedo electric wires and
floating torpedoes.
Shubrick, W. B., South Carolina. Rear Admiral.
Senior member of the advisory board.
Shunk, David, Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Reenforced the right at Pea Ridge. Port Gibson.
Champion Hills. Big Black River. Vicksburg assault,
May 22d, 1863. Cedar Creek.
Smith, Green C, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Opposed Morgan on his first raid into Kentucky,
causing him to retreat southward. Wounded at Lebanon.
Smith creditably defeated Forrest at Rutherford Creek.
Smith, William, Kentucky. Commodore. Was in the
frigate Congress when she was attacked and burnt by the
Virginia. Commanded the Wachusett and James River
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 365
flotilla, May, 1862. Escorted transports to West Point,
Va., carrying the advance division, May 6tli, 1862. He
rendered aid in the repulse of the Confederate attack on
the division next day. He sent the Maratanza into action.
His gunboats did effective work. In command of the Pen-
sacola naval station.
Spears, James G., Tennessee. Occupation of Cumber-
land Gap, June, 1862. He commanded a brigade in the
successful retirement therefrom to the Ohio River. Mur-
freesboro.
Speed, James, Kentucky. Attorney General of the
United States from November, 1864.
Spicely, Wm. T., North Carolina. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Performed faithful and meritorious serv-
ice in the campaign against Mobile. Participated in the
assault on Fort Blakely.
Spotts, James H., North Carolina. Commander. Com-
mandant at Key West. Commanded the Magnolia in
1862 ; the steamer South Carolina in 1863 ; the Pawtucket
and Powhatan in 1865. He commanded the Pawtucket in
both attacks on Fort Fisher. He was in the engagement
with Fort Anderson and other engagements along the banks
of the Cape Fear River. Bombardment of batteries above
Dutch Gap in April, 1865. Commanded the Wanderer.
Stanley, Edward, North Carolina. Military Governor
of North Carolina in 1862.
Stanly, Fabius, North Carolina. Commander. Com-
manded the Narragansett in the Pacific, 1862—64. He
gave useful diplomatic services in Mexico during this
period. Ordnance officer of the Mississippi Squadron.
Commanded the State of Georgia, 1864—65. He arranged
and commanded the naval part of the expedition up the
Santee. He commanded the naval part of the expedition
of Bull's Bay, using 68 guns and 13 field-pieces, and usher-
ing in the fall of Charleston. In 1865 he commanded Fort
Johnson.
Stanton, David L., Maryland. Brigadier General of
366 FIGHTIxVG BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Volunteers. Was conspicuous at Five Forks. Appomat-
tox campaign.
Steedman, Charles, South Carolina. Naval Captain.
Convened troops from Havre de Grace to Annapolis after
the Baltimore encounter. He kept open railroad com-
munication between the North and Washington at the
beginning of the War. He assisted in organizing naval
forces that operated on the Mississippi River in gunboats.
He led the second column in the attack upon and capture
of Port Royal. It was the flanking division. Blockaded
the coast of Georgia in the Bienville, and participated in
the capture of the ports on that coast south of Savannah.
Operations on the coast of Florida. He commanded the
Paul Jones. Capture of Fort McAllister. He operated
on the St. John's River, Fla., including the silencing of
the batteries on St. John's Bluff. With the cooperation
of Brannan, he captured the forts on St. John's Bluff, and
with gunboats opened and held the St. John's River to
Lake Beaufort. Blockade off Charleston for several
months, commanding the Poxchatan. He pursued the Flor-
ida into Brazilian waters. He commanded the Ticonderoga
in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and the capture of other
forts at the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
Stembel, R. N., Maryland. Commander. Helped alter,
equip and man the Tyler, Lexington and Conestoga. He
contributed largely to the success at Lucas' Bend.
He commanded the gunboat Lexington at Belmont, engag-
ing the batteries at Columbus, and helping save the land
force. Bombardment and capture of Fort Henry. Oper-
ations against Island No. 10, March 16th to April 7th,
1862. At Craighead's Bend he commanded the flag-ship
Cincinnati, which fired the first shot, hastening to the aid
of a mortar-boat attacked. He was engaged with Confed-
erate rams. The Cincinnati was sunk, and he was wounded
seriously, incapacitating him for further active service.
He aided in fitting out river gunboats at Cincinnati.
Stevenson, John D., Virginia. Brigadier General of
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 367
Volunteers. Port Gibson. He followed Confederates out
of Jackson. Raymond was won by the advance of his bri-
gade. At Champion Hills he made a striking charge
across ravines, up a hill, and through an open field, break-
ing the Confederate left flank, capturing several hundred
prisoners and seven guns, and gaining the road in the
Confederate rear, \vhich cut off Loring, and compelled him
to cut loose from the army, turning up at Jackson. Stev-
enson led a successful expedition to drive the Confederates
from northern Louisiana. He occupied and fortified De-
catur, Ala. His services during the War were of merit.
Stokes, James H., Maryland. Brigadier General of
Volunteei-s. In command of an artillery division in the
Chattanooga campaign, October, 1863, to February, 1864!.
Missionary Ridge.
Stone, Edward E., Georgia. Lieutenant Commander.
Commanded the Iron Age, South Atlantic Blockading
Squadron, 1 864-65. In the engagement with and capture
of Fort Anderson, he commanded the monitor Montauk,
the foremost vessel, bearing the fire for some hours. He
was slightly wounded.
Stout, Alex. M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Was engaged at Chickamauga.
Stribling, Cornelius K,, South Carolina. Commodore.
Commanded the Philadelphia navy yard, 1862—64. He
■was in command of the Eastern Gulf Blockading Squadron
from February, 1865, to the end of the War.
Strother, D. H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Pope's Virginia campaign. Red River expedition.
Hunter's Valley campaign.
Swann, Thomas, Virginia. Governor of Maryland from
1864.
Taylor, Alfred, Virginia. Naval Captain. Navy yard
at Boston, 1862-65.
Taylor, Joseph P., Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S.
Araiy. Brother of President Zachary Taylor. Commis-
sary general of subsistence.
368 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Terrill, W. R., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Chief of Artillery of the 2d division, Army of the
Ohio, in campaign from January to June, 1862. At
Shiloh the deliverance of the amiy was accomplished when
Terrill's battery of 24-pound howitzers, which had just
arrived from Savannah, dashed up to the support of the
faltering line, and, with two other batteries, turned the
Confederate right, thus saving the day. He handled his
batteries with admirable skill. His battery averted dis-
aster the next day also when the Confederates forced back
the Federal left flank, and it did other needed service
during the day. Advance upon Corinth. At Perryville
he showed high courage, and was mortally wounded while
urging forward his brigade against the Confederates.
Thomas, George H., Virginia. Major General U. S.
Army. April 21st, 1861, with four companies of his regi-
ment, he dispersed Marylanders who threatened to tear up
the tracks of the Pennsylvania Noi-them Central Railroad.
Operations in the Shenandoah Valley, June 1st to August
26th, 1861. In command of a brigade, he forced Jack-
son's small force back at Falling Waters. He led the
advance of the Shenandoah Valley army towards Win-
chester. He drove in outlying forces at Bunker Hill, July
15th. He reported at Louisville September 6th, and
served in the Department of the Cumberland, organizing
Kentucky and Tennessee volunteers at Camp Dick Robin-
son, Ky., September 18th to October 28th, 1861, giving
shape to the force which was to grow into the Army of
the Ohio, afterward the Army of the Cumberland. He
established Camp Wildcat, to check the advance of Con-
federates through Cumberland Gap. He saved Lexington,
Ky., from the Confederates, September 20th. November
29th, 1861, Thomas was placed in command of all troops
in the eastern half of Kentucky ; i. e., east of New Haven.
He assumed command of the 1st division of the Army of
the Ohio, December 6th. Crittenden advanced against
Thomas, and Thomas defeated him at Mill Springs, cap-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 369
turing 12 guns on the field and at the river. Confed-
erates were getting on the right flank of the 4th Kentucky
infantry when Thomas appeared and hurried troops hither.
This victory was beneficial to the Federal morale. It was
the first success of the Federal arms. In command of the
right wing, or Army of the Tennessee, in the advance upon
Corinth, April 9th to May 30th, 1862. Thomas' advance,
]\Iay 17th, brought on a spirited combat, and his troops
drove Confederates across Bridge Creek. His whole wing
made an advance. Near Corinth, INIay 28th, he repulsed
an attack. In command of Corinth, June 5th to 22d ; at
Decherd, August 5th-15th; at McMinnville, August 19th
to September 3d, and at Nashville, September 7th-14th.
He was intrusted with the defense of Nashville against
Breckenridge, while the main anny raced with Bragg for
Louisville. He declined the command of the Army of the
Ohio, September 29th. He was second in command on
advance into Kentucky, September 30th to November 7th,
1862. Soon after the battle of Perryville Thomas was in
immediate command of the Army of the Ohio, saving Nash-
ville by getting troops there ahead of Bragg, who was
maneuvering to get there first. Thomas was given com-
mand of the center of the anny, November 7th, 1862. At
Murfreesboro, when the left was giving back, he threw
Rousseau into the struggle. Confronted from the rear, he
changed front. When the flanks were turned he withdrew
troops to a temporary line. He placed batteries on high
ground, and helped form the troops on a new line there
when they could no longer hold the temporary line. He
massed artillery on the heights. The whole right wing had
been swept back three miles. One-third of the army was
used up, and Confederate cavalry were in the rear. He
partly changed front twice, and made the later arrange-
ments practicable. He held against desperate attacks of
the Confederate army. At night, his view was that the
army must not retreat. He made a night attack, January
2d. The bold stroke at his right endangered Bragg's po-
370 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
sitlon, and he fell back. Hoover's Gap. Thomas met the
Confederates in force on the heights north of Garrison
Creek. He drove them steadily. He drove them from a
new position also. June 28th he sent a brigade which
broke the railroad south of Decherd. He threw troops
toward Tullahoma. When Bragg evacuated the Tulla-
homa position, some of Thomas' troops came up with his
rear-guard at Bethpage bridge. Thomas had led the ad-
vance, and his execution of the tuniing movement placed
Bragg's position in danger, and he fell back and crossed
the Tennessee River not far from Chattanooga. Passage
of Elk River. Thomas crossed the Tennessee River thirty
miles below Chattanooga. September 10th Thomas met a
resistance that convinced him the Confederate army was
in his front. He withdrew from a dangerous position,
Bragg having concentrated to strike him. His cautious
delay in advancing the center saved that corps from attack
by Bragg's army. Discovering the position of Bragg be-
fore Chickamauga, he took the responsibility of having
the right wing — fifty miles distant on the way to Rome
— return. At Chickamauga, September 19th, Thomas
was the ranking officer on the field, in conmiand of more
than half the infantry divisions of the anny. Bragg was
trying to turn the left and gain the road into Chattanooga.
Thomas directed Brannan, with two brigades, to recon-
noiter toward Reed's bridge. Brannan's reconnoissance
developed the Confederates, and brought on the battle,
disturbing Bragg's combinations, and taking the keen edge
of surprise from his blow. Confederate cavalry were met,
and Forrest called up infantry. Thomas rode fonvard to
see conditions and ordered up supports. The Federals
were beaten back, but the attacking force was overlapped
on both flanks. Cheatham advanced to the support of the
attacking force, but was hurled back by a column which
Thomas had organized. The Confederates struck the line
a little further down. The line was broken. Five bri-
gades were borne back with disordered lines. Thomas
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 371
moved Brannan, in the exigency, from his left to his right.
Confederates moved through the chasm between Thomas
and Crittenden. Brannan wheeled upon them from near
Kellej's house. Bragg's whole right was stopped. To-
ward night, Thomas selected a more compact line. The
Confederates attacked at night for an hour and were re-
pulsed. Thomas made rude breastworks of logs and rails
along his entire front during the night, which enabled his
line to withstand front attacks on the 20th. That morn-
ing, the Confederates outflanked Thomas' left, but he
placed troops which checked the onrush into his rear and
flank. He withstood heavy frontal attacks. Later in the
day, Thomas' extreme left again repulsed attacks simul-
taneously with an attack upon his right, which, too, was
repulsed. Longstreet broke through south of Thomas,
cutting the aniiy in two, and the right hurried from the
field. Longstreet turned to sweep down Thomas' line, and
bear down bodies who had gathered on a transverse ridge
running back to the rear of Thomas' right. Thomas had
ridden to his right to hurry up reenforcements to the aid
of his hammered left. Discovering the advancing line, he
chose the strong position at right angles to his line on the
spur of Missionary Ridge and placed troops. The Con-
federates attacked. He fought determinedly. From noon
Thomas' line stood the attacks of the Confederate arm3^
When he found Confederates were on his right and rear,
he directed Wood to form on the left of Brannan, and noti-
fied Reynolds that Confederates were in his rear. South
of the transverse ridge was a gorge. Thomas sent Whit-
takcr's and another brigade against the Confederates on
the ridge and in the gorge. The Confederates were dis-
lodged. Twice they charged and were driven back from
the ridge. On the left also he repulsed an attack of
Breckenridge. He had a division from the retreating
right return, and it neared the field about night. In the
battle Thomas often came within speaking distance of the
men. In withdrawing, he met a force which had gained
372 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
the woods in Reynolds' rear. He ordered Reynolds to
charge them. The Confederates were forced back there.
Thomas posted brigades to hold the road while the troops
passed by. Thomas' sturdy stand gave him the name,
" Rock of Chickamauga." During the night he fonned a
new line at Rossville. Checking of Confederate advance
on Chattanooga, September 21st. In command of the De-
partment and Army of the Cumberland from October 19th,
1863. His turn for order found expression, and he was
engaged in opening communications by the Tennessee
River and Lookout Valley for his dangerously isolated
arm3% threatened with want. He concentrated the 11th
and 12th corps at Bridgeport. They connected at
Brown's Ferry, securing communications. Wauhatchie.
In the battle of Chattanooga, November 23d, ordered to
make a reconnoissance, he so disposed his forces as to take
advantage of success. His reconnoissance in force, secur-
ing important ground, was well executed, driving Confed-
erates from their advance line. Thomas took Orchard
Knob and a hill to the right. Orchard Knob was covered
by Wood's division. Thomas ordered him to hold it.
Thomas, taking up an advanced line, caused Bragg to
weaken his force at Lookout Mountain. Thomas was in
command of the center and right wing. He gave orders
that Lookout Mountain be taken next day, having secured
the adoption of his suggestion that a force be sent to
attack Bragg's left flank there. He had Eli Long move
on the Federal left, cross Chickamauga Creek, and raid
Bragg's communications eastward. His right took Look-
out Mountain the 24'th. On the 25th the men who had
evacuated Lookout iNIountain burnt bridges over Chatta-
nooga Creek, delaying Thomas' right in the purpose to
gain the Confederate flank. Thomas' line in the Federal
center was advanced. This was expected to relieve the
left from any off'cnsive move by Bragg. His men took the
flrst line of rifle-pits. They found themselves exposed to
a fierce fire from above. They had so rushed the Confed-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 375
erates that they found themselves in shape to follow to
more protected ground under the ridge, and the impulse
was to keep on after the Confederates. The partial move-
ment upward was augmented, through orders of Wood
and the other division commander there, who had the
perception to act at the moment with presence. They
carried the three lines of works at the base, midway,
and on the summit of Missionary Ridge. Thomas' right
had forded Chattanooga Creek, and came upon the flank
of a Confederate division, which fell back north along the
ridge, and was thrown on Palmer, where the Confederate
line had yielded the ridge, many being captured. Bragg
occupied a second hill in rear of Missionary Ridge and
resisted there, but Thomas' men moved forward and es-
sayed to surround it. When almost done, the Confed-
erates abandoned artillery and hastily fled. Many prison-
ers were taken there. Bragg's headquarters were In
Thomas' possession just before sunset. Forty guns were
captured in the battle. Ringgold. Thomas was engaged
in reorganizing his army December 1st, 1863, to May 2d,
1864. He was in supreme command of the whole com-
bination assembled around Chattanooga. As such, he con-
fronted Johnston. He made a formidable reconnoissance
against Johnston at Dalton in February, 1864, trying the
Confederate line at Buzzard's Roost, February 25th. He
commanded the Army of the Cumberland, 65,000 men, in
the Atlanta campaign. His infantry was two-thirds of
the whole. During the Atlanta campaign, it was Thomas'
army which generally faced Johnston's line, while the
other two Federal armies cooperating were employed in
turning movements. Troops of Thomas' army reconnoit-
ered toward Tunnel Hill, May 2d, 1864, and developed
the Confederates in force there. Thomas was engaged in
operations around Dalton, May 7th-13th. He took Tun-
nel Hill, pressed Confederates into intrenchments at Buz-
zard's Roost, and attacked at Dug Gap, covering the
movement of the Army of the Tennessee to Snake Creek
374. FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Gap, having one of his corps liide tlie flanking army. He
took a part of Rocky Face Ridge IMay 8th. He attacked
Buzzard's Roost Gap. Thomas had only one corps and
some cavalry at Rocky Face Ridge May 12th, all other
troops being in motion to concentrate at Snake Creek Gap,
when Johnston advanced. Wood moved to the siipp\Drt of
Newton and the Confederates retired. Some of Thomas'
troops occupied Dalton May 13th, and followed tlie Con-
federates toward Resaca. Thomas was engaged in demon-
strations against Resaca from May 13th until it was
occupied May 16th. At Resaca Johnston attempted to
turn the Federal left flank. Thomas moved troops to meet
him, which arrived just as the flank had been turned and
pressed back, and they repulsed the Confederates. At
Resaca, the 15th, some of his troops began the day's battle.
His men carried some hills. His army did considerable
fighting. Thomas repulsed an advance to regain a battery,
which the Confederates had been forced to abandon.
When Johnston abandoned Resaca, Thomas engaged his
rear-guard and pursued directly from Resaca. Thomas
sent a division against Rome, which fought May 17th, and
captured Rome next day, wath machine-shops, iron-works,
stores and cotton. Cassville. New Hope Church, — some
of his troops pushed Confederates a mile and a half,
Thomas made a reconnoissance to Dallas May 26th, to
determine the position of Johnston's left flank, and open
communication with the Army of the Tennessee. Pickett's
Mills. Movement against Pine Mountain, with almost
daily severe engagements, May 28th to June 20th. The
shot which killed Polk at Pine IMountain is said to have
been fired at his order. Some of his troops carried an
intrenched skirmish line at Pine Mountain. At Adairsvillc,
June 18th, he took a portion of Johnston's line, leading
him to abandon his position. At Gulp's Hill Thomas'
troops at 3 a. m. drove Confederates from a hill a mile in
front of the center of the 20th corps. At 8 p. M. John-
ston attacked Thomas' front and was repulsed. Kcne-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 375
saw Mountain battles, June 20th to July 2d. At Kenesaw
IMountain, June 27th, Thomas made two attacks on
Johnston's center, and his men got up to the works.
Ruff's Station. Thomas advised that Atlanta be turned
by the left flank, and this was eventually done. The Pas-
sage of the Chattahoochee, July 12th— 17th. Peach Tree
Creek, July I9th-21st. On the 19th, some of his troops
constructed a bridge, and forced the passage of the creek,
and his anny fought its way over. The battle of the 20th
was fought by Thomas' amiy, entirely under his personal
direction. There was a gap of nearly two miles between
Thomas' present troops and those to the left. Newton was
the left flank of those with Thomas. Hood advanced in
lines that overlapped Newton, who was the first division
struck. The front attack was repulsed, but whole bat-
talions of Confederates went into the gap. Thomas, be-
hind the creek, turned some reserve batteries upon those
battalions and cannonaded the thicket thereabout. The
flanking Confederates broke in confusion. The attack
was repulsed all along the line. Hood made a second
general attack, commencing upon Ne^vton's left. The
crisis came with the reappearance of Bate's division to the
left and rear of Newton. Thomas moved the artillery of
Ward's division, in person hastening up two batteries,
urging the horses on, using his sword upon them, and
planted them alongside of two left by Newton. He sat on
his horse among the guns the moment they were in position,
and helped direct the fire. It was the turning point of the
conflict. They fired at short range furiously, and the
attack was repulsed there, saving his flank. The battle
passed on to the right, but the Federal line was now com-
pact, and charge after charge was repulsed. Thomas was
with the troops at points of extreme danger. Stewart
drove Thomas' right from its works, and held them until
driven out by an enfilade fire of batteries placed in position
by Thomas. During the battle of Atlanta, July 22d,
Thomas tried to break through the Confederate intrench-
376 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ments. At Ezra Church Thomas' whole army front skir-
mished as a diversion while Hood was attacking the right
of the Army of the Tennessee. August 4th, one of his
corps felt the Confederate line heavily, and August 5th
one of his divisions pushed up against the Confederates.
August 6th Hood felt Thomas' line from right to left.
One of his corps carried a line of rifle-pits, and established
a line close to the Confederate works August 7th. One
of Thomas' divisions reached the railroad southeast of
Atlanta August 30th. A part of his army was attacked
by Hardee's and Lee's corps, which were repulsed.
Thomas mainly fought the battle of Jonesboro. R. W.
Johnson's corps, the 14th, in the presence of Thomas,
under his directions and by his order, attacked Hardee's
corps, posted behind intrenchments, and dislodged it.
Nearly 1,000 men, 8 guns and 7 battle-flags were captured.
One of his divisions carried its entire front. It was the
most complete and successful assault upon formidable
works of the whole campaign, and led to the evacuation
of Atlanta next day. September 2d, the 20th coi-ps of
Thomas' command entered Atlanta. At Lovejoy's Station
part of Thomas' army attacked the Confederates. Thomas
afterward went to Chattanooga to defend communications
of the armies at Atlanta. Forrest started September 20th
against Federal posts and communications in Tennessee.
Thomas was sent to Nashville September 28th. He con-
verged four columns upon Forrest. Forrest retreated
across the Tennessee River. When Hood moved north
Thomas made dispositions to resist him. From October
to December he was engaged at Nashville in organizing
defenses of Tennessee against Hood. He obtained knowl-
edge of Hood's move toward Gadsden. October 19th
Thomas was put in command of all the Military Division
of the Mississippi except the army marching to the sea.
Hood started north from the Tennessee River October
19th. Thomas made combinations against him. He di-
rected the concentration of two corps on Pulaski, with
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 377
intent to impede rather tlian seriously dispute Hood's ad-
vance on Nashville. When Croxton discovered that Hood
was crossing the Tennessee River, Thomas ordci'cd reen-
forcements to Croxton, and directed a force toward Co-
lumbia as a diversion, to confront and delay Hood.
Thomas also directed a force of 4,200 men against Breck-
enridge in northeast Tennessee, to try to drive him into
Virginia. A detachment was sent into North Carolina to
hold the mountain passes. Breckenridge was pushed into
Virginia and the Federals entered southwest Virginia, occu-
pied Bristol and Abingdon, destroyed the railroad and
advanced upon Wytheville, which was captured with its
stores. The main Confederate salt-works, at Saltville,
lead-works, railroad, iron-works, and great quantities of
stores were destro^^ed and 500 Confederates were captured.
Thomas made dispositions for the defense of the line of
the Duck River. He was trying to delay Hood until he
could receive troops at Nashville. When Thomas received
information that Hood was about crossing the Duck River,
he ordered his advance force back to Franklin. November
29th, at 3 :30 a. m., Thomas gave positive direction for the
withdrawal of his advanced force from Columbia. The
delay to Hood, fighting the battle of Franklin, following
the previous delays effected by the two corps interposed by
Thomas, kept him from reaching Nashville until after
troops from other directions had reached there, which was
the day after the battle of Franklin. Thomas had no
force at Nashville before that. Thomas assembled and
consolidated at Nashville various commands into an orderly
army organization. At Nashville, Thomas' plan of battle
was for the left and center to threaten and keep the Con-
federates opposite them in place, while he had his entire
right wing make a grand left wheel, with cavalry beyond
them and overlapping the Confederate left flank. A bri-
gade in his center took oNIontgomer}^ Hill, the strong salient
of Hood's position. The whole line swept forward there,
and many prisoners were taken about noon. Hood's left
378 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Avas beaten, and the Confederate guns were turned on them.
The center still held. Wood then defeated the center, and
Hood fell back to Granny White pike. His left had been
turned, and 17 guns and 1,200 men had been taken. His
left was driven eight miles before night fell. The center
was forced back from both outer and Inner works and
pushed to new ground far in the rear. Hood took a strong
position during the night. At early dawn Thomas had his
center moved forward to contact with the opposing line.
He had his cavalry pass beyond Hood's left and secure a
lodgment on the Granny White pike. Having reached the
Confederate rear they moved north, came up back of
Hood's left flank, got two guns in position and shelled
Bate there. Thomas' infantry In front attacked, and the
cavalry charged from the rear as the infantry climbed
the hill in front. The Confederates on It ran to the right
and rear. There was a general charge and Hood's left and
center broke from the field. Here Is seen a scientific plan,
and the battle so ordered that the plan unfolded to a full
exhibition of its efiicacy in practice. Thomas pursued
continuously. December 18th he ordered troops to Decatur
to push Hood fcom that direction, threatening his com-
munications from west of Florence. After Hood crossed
the Tennessee River, cavalry from Decatur overtook him,
destroying his pontoon train and his wagons, and captur-
ing several hundred prisoners. In the Nashville campaign
Thomas captured 11,857 men and exchanged 1,332. He
received the oath of submission of 2,207 deserters.
He captured 72 guns and 3,079 ^mall arms. Hood's fail-
ure resulted In despondency far and wide. Thomas organ-
ized various raiding expeditions and sent troops to other
departments from December, 1864, to INIay, 1865, which
materially contributed to the final overthrow of the Con-
federates. At Eastport, February 23d, 1865, Thomas be-
gan to arrange for his expedition of 12,500 cavalry, to
demonstrate against Tuscaloosa and Selma In favor of
Canby's operations against Mobile and central Alabama.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 379
Thomas gave permission for an attempt to take Tuscaloosa
and Selma, which suococdcd. Montgomery, West Point,
Ga., and Columbus, Ga., were taken also. The ram Jack-
son was destroyed. Macon, Ga., was occupied. 6,766
Confederates were captured in the expedition. Thomas
was at Chattanooga March 14th. He gave orders for
Wood's corps to advance from Huntsville as far into east
Tennessee as it could supply itself. Thomas sent a cav-
alry expedition from Ivnoxville into North Carolina, thence
toward Lynchburg, March 20th. It destroyed the Vir-
ginia & Tennessee Railroad from Wytheville nearly to
Lynchburg. A detachment struck Salem, Va. The expe-
dition swept through southwest Virginia, blocking Lee's
communications with that region, and diminishing his scant
supplies. Turning into North Carolina, it captured the
prison at Salisbury, and interrupted Lee's railroads, cap-
turing l^ guns and 1,300 prisoners, and driving the Con-
federates. Upon receiving notice, April 27th, 1865, to
disregard the armistice between Johnston's and the Federal
army confronting him, Thomas made dispositions for the
capture of Jefferson Davis and his party, which were
successful.
Thruston, Charles INI., Kentucky. Brigadier General
of Volunteers. Was engaged in guarding the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad in 1861-62.
Tidball, J. C, Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Defense of Fort Pickens, April 19th to July
3d, 1861. Defenses of Washington, July 18th, 1861.
Bull Run. Defenses of Washington, July 23d, 1861, to
March 10th, 1862. Before Yorktown. Williamsburg.
New Bridge. Mechanicsville. Gaines' Mill. Malvern Hill.
Harrison's Landing. INIaryland campaign. Boonsboro.
He fought bravely and well at Antietam. Shepherdstown.
Upperville, November, 1862. Fredericksburg. Raid to-
ward Richmond, April 13th to May 2d, 1863. Chancel-
lorsville. He commanded a brigade of horse artillery
in the Pennsylvania campaign. Aldie. Upperville. In
380 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
command of an artillery brigade at Gettysburg, and in the
advance upon Lee to Warrenton. Defenses of Washing-
ton, August, 1863, to March, 1864. Wilderness. Con-
spicuous at Spotsylvania, commanding the artillery
brigade of the corps which pierced the Confederate line
at the Bloody Angle. North Anna. Totopotomoy. Cold
Harbor. Good conduct in the operations before Peters-
burg. In command of the artillery of the 9th corps,
October 9th, 1864, to April 2d, 1865. After the capture
of Fort Stedman, Tidl^all gathered a large number of
pieces of artillery and planted them on the hills in the rear
of the captured works, so as to sweep the space between
the lines. He opened on the captured works and space
around, driving the Confederates to bomb-proofs, and ma-
terially interfering with the deployment of the line of
battle. He was intrepid and valuable. Conspicuous in
the assault from Fort Sedgwick on the Confederate works,
April 1st, 1865. He commanded the artillery brigade of
the 9th corps in the Appomattox campaign. His record
in the War is honorable.
Todd, J. B. S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. In command of the North Missouri District from
October 15th to December 1st, 1861. He commanded a
division in the Army of the Tennessee from June 3d to
July 17th, 1862.
Tompkins, Chas. H., Virginia. Brigadier General. At
Fairfax C. H. he made a dashing attack and won a victory.
He had two horses shot under him, the second falling and
severely injuring him. This cavalry success was the first
of the War. Bull Run. Winchester, May 23d to 25th.
Gaines' ]\Iill. Shenandoah Valley campaign. Pope's Vir-
ginia campaign. He commanded the artillery brigade of
the 6th corps at Gettysburg, Spotsylvania and Cold Har-
bor. Distinction at Cedar Creek. Operations around
Petersburg and Richmond, commanding the artillery bri-
gade of the 6th corps.
True, James M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 381
untecrs. Expedition to Little Rock, resulting in its
capture.
Turnbull, Charles N., District of Columbia. Chief En-
gineer of a cavalry corps. Chief Engineer on the cavalry'
raid in June, 1864, including Trevilian Station. Chief
Engineer of the 8th army corps, and on engineer recruit-
ing service, November 5th, 1864, to the end.
Turner, Thomas, District of Columbia. Commodore,
Commanded the New Ironsides in the attack upon Forts
Sumter, Moultrie and Beauregard, in Charleston harbor,
April 7th, 1863, fighting with braver}', judgment and
ability. Naval operations around Charleston until August,
1863.
Upshur, John H., Virginia. Lieutenant Commander.
His name was changed from Nottingham. Reduction of
Forts Hatteras and Clarke and forts in the sounds of North
Carolina in 1861. Commanded the Wabash. Capture of
Port Royal. He commanded the Flambeau in the opera-
tions of the South Atlantic Squadron between January and
July, 1863. Commanded the Minnesota in 1863—64.
This was Lee's flag-ship in 1864. In command of the
Frolic. Commanded four boats in the expedition into the
inland coast waters in the vicinity of Port Royal and Beau-
fort. Several expeditions up rivers of South Carolina.
Commanded the A. D. Vance in both attacks on Fort Fisher.
In the second attack he commanded the reserve division,
and was charged with the duty of landing troops and
stores, provisioning the army, and protecting its flank with
the lighter gunboats.
Vandever, William, Maryland. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Organized a regiment in Iowa and led it to
the field. Southwestern campaign. Commanding a bri-
gade at Pea Ridge, he withstood incessant onslaughts of
the Confederates on the Federal right wing, March 7th,
and aided in the defeat of the Confederates there next day.
He marched 45 miles the day before the battle to reenforce
the army. He showed bravery and merit at Arkansas
S82 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Post. Siege of Vicksburg. Atlanta campaign. At Kenc-
saw Mountain he succeeded in signaling to the officer com-
manding at Allatoona a message to hold on, as the main
army was on the way. He was gallant at Bentonville in
the repelling of the sudden assault of Johnston. He was
on the right, which held fast.
Vickers, George, Maryland. Major General of Mary-
land state militia.
Walke, Henry, Virginia. Naval Captain. Rendered
important service in preventing the capture of Fort Pick-
ens in the start. He assisted in removal of troops from
the mainland to the Fort, by which the Fort was saved.
He was in command of the Supply. He commanded the
gunboat Tyler at Cairo, September 12th, 1861. He made
a reconnoissance to Columbus, Ky., September 14th. He
commanded the gunboats Tyler and Lexington and con-
veyed 3,100 men in transports to Belmont. He protected
the troops, attacked the batteries at Columbus as a diver-
sion, covered the retreat of the troops, and prevented the
Confederates from cutting off a portion of them. He
opened fire on the Confederates pursuing the troops at the
landing. In command of the Carondelet at Fort Henry.
He took charge of Fort Henry until the troops arrived.
He threw a few shells into Fort Donelson on the 12th. He
commenced the battle at Fort Donelson alone on the 13th.
He took position and, as a diversion for the army, threw
shells into the Fort, which did execution. On the 14th he
held his position in the front line of battle in the general
engagement, being the last to retire. He commanded the
Carondelet at the bombardment of Island No. 10. He vol-
untarily ran the gauntlet of the Confederate batteries
April 4th with the Carondelet alone, the first example of
successfully passing the Confederate batteries on the Mis-
sissippi. He reached New Madrid safely and captured
batteries below the Island. His exploit caused the imme-
diate surrender of Island No. 10, and showed the possibil-
ity of opening the blockade of the Mississippi. After the
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 383
surrender of Island No. 10, he silenced the heaviest near
battery below. His success enabled the army to cross the
river and capture several thousand troops near Tipton-
ville. He led the fleet in attacking Confederate gunboats
at the naval battle of Fort Pillow. He rescued the Cin-
cinnati. The Carondclct, under him, alone remained in
possession of the battlefield. The Confederate fleet, ex-
cept the Van Dorn, was destroyed. The Carondelct,
Walke commanding, was in the front line at Memphis. It
was the principal gunboat engaged by the ram Arkansas.
He made expeditions up the Yazoo River, December 11th
and 12th, 1862, with six vessels, to destroy batteries, clear
the Yazoo and cover the landing of the army, which duties
were well performed. He sent tin-clads to find torpedoes.
December 12th gunboats were sent. One was blown up
and later the whole fleet worked at clearing the river.
Passage of Vicksburg, April 16th, 1863. Grand Gulf,
April 29th. In the Lafayette he led the second division,
attacking Bald Head. He silenced the main fort on Point
of Rocks. At the time of evacuation. May 3d, 1863, he
fired upon the Grand Gulf batteries. Walke was in the
expedition of May, 1863, up Red River. Fort de Russy
and Alexandria were captured. His gunboats approached
Yazoo City May 21st, and the Confederates burnt the
Mobile and Republic, and another large ship under con-
struction. He dispersed Taylor's forces at Simmsport,
and blockaded the mouth of the Red River in June, 1863.
Commanded the Fort Jackson and Sacramento.
Walker, W. McC, Maryland. Naval Captain. Com-
manded the De Soto, one of the most successful blockaders
during the War, capturing more prizes than any other
vessel.
Wallace, Rush R., Tennessee. Lieutenant Commander.
Conmianded the Shenandoah. He was present at the two
attacks on Fort Fisher.
Wallen, H. D., Georgia. Brigadier General. On de-
tached service to the Isthmus of Panama, with 30,000 stand
384 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
of arms for the eastern armies, 1861. Acting Inspector
General of the Department of New Mexico, June, 1862,
to June, 1864.
Ward, Durbin, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Western Virginia campaign. Rich Mountain.
Mill Springs. Pittsburg Landing. Perryville. Stone
River. Distinction at Chickamauga, where he was severely
wounded. Atlanta campaign. Nashville.
Ward, W. T., Virginia. Major General of Volunteers.
Was placed in command of all Kentucky volunteers south
of Louisville. He was engaged in the pursuit of ^Morgan
in 1862. In command of Gallatin, Tcnn. He served in
the Atlanta campaign. His men effected a lodgment in the
Confederate fortifications at Resaca. His division charged
the retreating Confederates, capturing three guns and 217
prisoners. With other troops he drove Confederates from
their battery. At Peach Tree Creek, his division was next
to Newton's, who was left flank, and was second to receive
the attack. He resisted strongly. When the Confed-
erates got around Newton's right flank, Ward advanced
from cover, and his skirmish line held the Confederates in
check until the whole division had reached a hill to the
right and rear of Newton. He drove the Confederates
back shattered, advanced and filled the interval on Newton's
right and fortified. Ward commanded a division in the
March to the Sea and the March through the Carolinas,
performing effective services in the fights that preceded
the surrender of Johnston's army. At Averysboro, Ward's
and another division were deployed in front of the Con-
federate line. His skirmishers soon developed the Confed-
erates. He was engaged in the general battle. A brigade
was sent to the left, and got in the rear of the Confed-
erate intrenchments. He pursued the Confederates under
Hardee.
Watkins, L. D., Florida. Brigadier General of Volun-
teers. Thompson's Station. Made a reputation in the
expedition to east Tennessee under Carter, August and
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 385
September, 1863. Chickamauga. Pillow called upon
Watkins to surrender the post of Lafayette, June 24th,
1864. He conducted the defense gallantly, repulsing and
foiling the Confederates until Croxton reenforced him.
Gallant and meritorious conduct in defense of Resaca.
Weaver, Aaron W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant
Commander. Commanded the Susquehanna. Forts Hat-
teras and Clarke. Port Royal, capture of Forts Beaure-
gard and Walker. Fall of Fort Pulaski. Sewell's Point.
Occupation of Norfolk. Commanded the Winona. En-
gagement with Confederate batteries near Port Hudson,
December 14th, 1862. Distinction at Placquemine.
Weaver, in the Winona, arrived during the engagement at
Donaldsonville. Some of the Confederates got in the Fort.
He continued in the engagement till the end, when the
Confederates retired. He bore a prominent part in their
repulse. Engagement with Confederate batteries below
Donaldsonville after the fall of Port Hudson. March
23d, 1864, he sent boats from the Winona which captured
a steamer. He commanded the Chippewa in the first at-
tack on Fort Fisher, and the monitor Mahopac in its cap-
ture. On advanced picket at Charleston when it fell. He
took the Mahopac up James River, participated in night
bombardment of Confederate works near Richmond just
previous to their evacuation, and was present at the fall of
Richmond.
Weightman, R. H., Maryland. Was killed while com-
manding a brigade at Wilson's Creek.
Wells, Milton, Virginia. Commanded a brigade at
Cedar Creek and in the operations around Petersburg.
His war record is creditable.
West, Joseph R., Louisiana. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Served faithfully and with merit in New Mexico,
Arkansas and the southwest.
Wheeler, J. B., North Carolina. Chief Engineer De-
partment of the Susquehanna, June 20th to September
18th, 1863. Chief Engineer Army of Arkansas, Septem-
886 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
ber 18th, 1863, to the close of the War. Elkins Ferry.
Prairie D'Ane. Occupation of Camden. Jenkin's Ferry.
White, Carr B., Kentucky. South Mountain. An-
tietam. Brave and faithful service at Cloyd's Mountain.
He commanded a brigade in Hunter's Lynchburg expe-
dition.
Whittaker, Walter C, Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Shiloh. Stone River. Whittaker's was one
of the two brigades which stopped the Confederate advance
into Thomas' rear at Chickamauga. It arrived a reen-
forcement from the north after Longstreet had routed the
Federal right, and was coming around into Thomas' rear.
The two brigades were sent against the Confederates in
the gorge and on the ridge. They advanced in two lines at
double-quick. Whittaker plunged into the gorge through
which Hindman's left was pouring. The Confederates
were dislodged. Twice the Confederates charged and
were driven back from the ridge. Whittaker was wounded,
and four of his five staff ofiicers were killed or mortally
wounded. He lost 154 men killed, 654i wounded and 518
missing, total 1,326 — a loss so heavy as to be worthy of
remark. The two brigades were the salvation of the army
in the extremity. At Lookout Mountain, Whittaker's bri-
gade, having crossed Lookout Creek at Wauhatchie, drove
back Confederate pickets, and ascended the Mestern slope
of Lookout Mountain to the foot of the palisade. With
a division, they marched north along the western slope,
clearing the right bank of the creek of Confederates, and
covering the crossing for the remaining force. Whittaker
was highest up. The north end of Lookout was turned.
His services in the campaign against Atlanta were notable.
June 20th, 1864, his brigade crossed Nose's Creek, and
later carried a wooded hill in his front, and barricaded and
held the position against repeated and furious assaults.
Johnston's troops were driven back. At Spring Hill
Whittaker's brigade and other troops came to the relief
of the dangerously isolated Federal division at about 7
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 387
p. M. He was placed to cover a cross-road a mile or two
below Spring Hill. He assisted in holding the turnpike.
The 28th Kentucky, of his brigade, did large service in
helping to keep Hood's advance from the pike. He was
posted where the Confederate line was nearest, to cover
the passing of the army yet in the rear. Franklin. Nash-
ville.
Williams, Robert, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S.
Aniiy. Hilton Head, Port Royal. Secessionville. James
Island. Adjutant General, Department of Missouri, of
the Platte and of the Division of Missouri.
Williamson, Jas. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. Pea Ridge. He led a brigade at Chickasaw
Bayou against a formidable force, strongly intrenched, and
held his ground when all support had been withdrawn.
He was seriously wounded. He made a name for spirit
and good conduct in the campaigns against Vicksburg,
Chattanooga and Atlanta. In command of the District of
Missouri at St. Louis after the occupation of Savannah.
Honorable mention for the War.
Winslow, John A., North Carolina. Commodore.
Helped construct the Mississippi River flotilla. He took
two divisions down to Cairo. Fort Pillow. In command
of an expedition up the White River for the relief of an
army force, June, 1862. He was placed in command of
the Kearsarge in 1863. He used chain armor, after Far-
ragut's example. He fought the Alabama, and disabled
her. She surrendered and then sank. This was the only
sea-fight of prominence in the War.
Wise, William C, Virginia. Commanded the flag-ship
Malvern in attacks on Forts Strong and Anderson, and
various operations on the Cape Fear River. He com-
manded the Malvern on James River during the final move-
ments against Richmond, it being the first vessel to reach
the city, and it had President Lincoln on board.
Witcher, John S., Virginia. Brigadier General of Vol-
unteers. Brave and useful servuce in the Shenandoah
388 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
campaign of 1864, and the final campaign around Peters-
burg and Richmond. Conspicuous at Ford's Station.
Wood, Thomas J., Kentucky. IMajor General of Vol-
unteers. In Indiana he organized, equipped, mustered
into service and sent into the field 40,000 volunteers from
April to October, 1861. In command of a brigade at
Camp Nevin, Ky., October 16th to December 24th, 1861.
Placed in command of the 6th division, Army of the Ohio,
January 15th, 1862. He displayed great energy in organ-
izing it. Shiloh. Advance upon Corinth. At McMinn-
ville some of his cavalry worsted Forrest. Wood did good
service at Perryville. At Stanford, Ky., he engaged artil-
lery and cavalry, pursuing the Confederates. Advance
upon Bragg. He avoided an effort to occupy Murfrees-
boro which Bragg was in position to overwhelm. At Stone
River, he held the left flank. He helped well, though
wounded in the foot at ten a. m. After nearly the whole
army had been forced into a new line at right angles to
the first position, Bragg, while continuing to press the
right, sent Breckenridge against Wood. Wood placed
batteries and disposed troops to meet him. He withstood
repeated Confederate attacks on the " Round Forest."
He sent supports to Palmer. Wood managed his com-
mand with sound judgment, skill and heroism in the crisis.
Advance on Tullahoma. He occupied Chattanooga, Sep-
tember 9th, 1863. At Chickamauga September 19th,
when Hood crushed the right center, capturing artillery and
seizing the Chattanooga road, he was forced back by Wood
and other fresh troops. Wood had a horse killed under
him. On the 20th Wood moved to support Reynolds and
Longstreet passed through the gap left. After the Fed-
eral right center was pierced, and a, new line was forming
at right angles to the first line. Wood moved to fill the gap
between Reynolds and Brannan, coolly changing front
under fire. He caused one of his brigades to charge with
fixed bayonets. The Confederates fell back and Wood
partly filled the gap, preventing Longstreet from cutting
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 389
off Brannan and then striking Reynolds, and attacking
the three divisions of the original line which held on the
left. His men rushed at the Confederates with the bayonet
and sent them down the slopes. Wood reported to Thomas.
He resisted furious onslaughts. Wood was struck several
times and severely contused. November 23d Wood began
the Chattanooga advance. He led in taking Orchard Knob
and a hill to the right. He struck in flank Confederates
fighting the troops laboring for the position on the left.
A line a mile in advance of the fomier position, theretofore
occupied by Confederates, was obtained. At Missionary
Ridge Wood's men drove in skirmishers, took their part
of the line at the base, another half way up, and were at
the fore in taking intrenchments on the crest of the ridge.
Wood charged on horseback. Part of the Confederate
line ran, many were captured, and many more threw away
their arms as they ran. His troops enfiladed the adjacent
Confederate line. One of his brigades pursued down the
eastern slope. March to the relief of Knoxville. Dand-
ridge, Tenn. He participated in all important battles of
the Atlanta campaign. Operations around Dalton. He
supported Newton in taking part of Rocky Face Ridge
from the Confederates, May 8th, 1864. At Resaca, he
came abreast of Newton, where the latter had gained
ground, and drove Confederates from their rifle-pits.
Adairsville. New Hope Church. At Pickett's Mills he
assaulted. His division marched to strike the Confederate
right flank. At 5 p. m. he assaulted the main line deter-
minedly. The Confederates poured a fire on his left flank
and forced it back, and his right flank was struck also.
His troops were withdrawn. Battles and skirmishes about
Pine Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, June 20th to July
2d. June 18th Wood and Newton threw forward a strong
line of skirmishers, partly surprised the Confederates, and
took a portion of their main line. Johnston abandoned
his position. June 21st Wood carried an intrenched hill-
top, and then gained an eminence which commanded the
390 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
Confederate skirmish line, and permitted tlie advance of
the right of the 4th corps. Johnston made three unsuc-
cessful attempts during the night to dislodge Wood. Pas-
sage of tlie Chattahoochee. Wood constructed a bridge
and forced the passage of Peach Tree Creek, July 19th,
driving Confederates from its defenses. During the battle
of Peach Tree Creek, he was somewhat heavily engaged in
the afternoon to the left of the two-mile gap. In the
battle of Atlanta, July 22d, after a Confederate advantage.
Wood struck the left flank, breaking it, and recaptured
some guns. The Confederates recoiled. Siege of At-
lanta. Jonesboro. At Love joy's Station, Wood was
severely wounded, but did not leave the field. During
Hood's advance on Nashville, one of Wood's brigades,
sent east for observation, reported Hood's crossing of
the Duck River. His division protected the train at
Thompson's Station in an extremity from a cavalry attack.
He deployed his division on the east of the road to meet
the attack. His division remained on the right in the
retreat to Franklin. At Franklin the command of the 4tli
corps devolved upon him, and he handled it with ability.
He repulsed a charge. He remained in command of the
coi'ps. In the retreat from Franklin to Nashville, he acted
as rear-guard. At Nashville, December 15th, Hood's skir-
mishers fell back before his advance. One of his brigades
took Montgomery Hill. The whole line swept forward
there, and many prisoners wer^ taken. Wood was ordered
to attack the main line. The Confederates were shelling.
Wood battled with his whold corps. His guns converged
their fire on a fortified hill near Hood's center. Then o«e
of his divisions charged, carried the intrenchments and
took the height. In the assault, the Confederates in his
front were driven out with a loss of guns and prisoners,
and their whole line gave way. The retreating line was
followed by Wood's entire corps. The Coiifederates were
forced back to a new position at the foot of Harpeth Hills.
The second day opened with an advance by Wood at dawn.
FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 391
He drove skirmishers, and moved forward till he con-
fronted Hood's new position. His line came up at one
point near the salient at Overton's Hill. Wood partici-
pated in two assaults on Overton's Hill, the second succeed-
ing. Wood was the leading infantry in the pursuit, using
artillery, and ably handling his troops. In March, 1865,
Wood's corps was ordered to advance from Huntsville as
far into east Tennessee as it could supply itself, repairing
the railroad. Wood's qualities as a commander were valu-
able. He was cool and indomitable, and a good discipli-
narian, and of marked intelligence and activity.
Wood, William W. W., North Carolina. General in-
spector of steam machinery. Engineer in chief. He
rendered valuable service in connection with the steam en-
gineering service in the navy yards at New York, Phila-
delphia and Boston. He had charge of the construction
of the Federal iron-clad fleet, and the machinery of the
new class of vessels then introduced. The toi'pedo used
in sinking the Albemarle was introduced by Wood, and the
three torpedo steam-launches employed in the exploit were
his plan.
Woodruff, W. E., Kentucky. Brigadier General of
Volunteers. With Jas. V. Guthrie he established Camp
Clay. They raised the 1st and 2d regiments of Kentucky
infantry. Knob Gap. He was in the right wing when it
was suddenly struck at IMurfreesboro and forced back.
He held out long. He had received the attack with vet-
eran courage. In the second position he gave way only
before a third attack. His was the last brigade of his
division to go. He retreated through the woods, then
turned and charged the pursuers, regaining the former po-
sition, but, the rest of the line being gone, he retired. He
then formed on Rousseau's right.
Yates, Richard, Kentucky. Governor of Illinois. En-
dorsed Lincoln's call for troops. He was active in raising
volunteers. He garrisoned Cairo. Governor Yates pro-
rogued the General Assembly of Illinois in June, 1863,
392 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS
when it was for peace, and conducted the war operations
of Illinois until the following year. He was a war
Governor upon whom President Lincoln relied.
GENERAL INDEX
For Southern Federal Anny and Navy OflBcers, and other south-
erners who aided the Federal cause, see Alphabetical List op
SouTiiERK Officers Commanding Brigades, Vessels, etc., beginning
on page 275.
For Battles, Combats, etc., see Index of Battles, Combats, Actions,
Engagements and Expeditions, page 403.
Abingdon, Va., 242
Ackworth, Ga., 200, 203
Adams, Confederate General, 87
Alphabetical List of Southern
Officers, and other south-
erners who notably aided,
275, et seq.
Anderson, R. H., Confederate
General, 188, 191, 192, 194,
264, 267
Archer, Confederate General, 144
Arkansas, view of events in, ^^,
29
Federals of, aid Missouri Fed-
erals, 24
campaign in, 80, 110
re-construction, ITl, 179, 182
Armies, important, commanded
by southern Federals, 12
Army of the Cumberland, 112,
122, 168
genesis of, 40, 45
commanded by Thomas, 170
Army of the James moves
against Petersburg from
the north, 191
Mississippi, 76
Ohio, 40, 53, 74, 89, 108, 109,
111, 186
largely southern in organ-
ization and composition, 68
Potomac, 67, 90, 93, 94, 97, 114,
168, 171
Tennessee, 76, 85, 112, 186
West, 48
Virp^inia, 90
Army, United States regulars, 18
Arsenal, St. Louis, importance of
possession of, 15
contest over, 25, 28
Fort Leavenworth, protected
by Harney and Reno, 25
Harper's Ferry, destroyed, 26
Liberty, Mo., 2Q
Little Rock, Ark., 29
Arsenals, United States, impor-
tance of possession of, 18
Assault on the Richmond rail-
road, 189
Atlantic Coast, water campaigns,
44
Baltimore, Md., 26, 30, 109, 143,
212
Bardstown, 108
Bate, Wm. B., Confederate Gen-
eral, 164, 214, 242, 244
Batesville, occupied by Federals,
80
Battles. See Index of Battles,
Combats, etc., 403
Beauregard, P. G. T., Confed-
erate General, 41, 74, 104,
185, 196, 205
takes command at Shiloh, 72
Bee, Confederate General, 185
Bentonville, Ark., 61, 63
Birthplace fixing status of offi-
cers, 14
Bloody Angle at Snotsylvania,
193
394
GENERAL INDEX
Bolton, Miss., seized by McCler-
nand, 135
Border States freedom conven-
tion, ISO
Bragg, Braxton, Confederate
General, 92, 9G, 103, lOG,
109, 111, 113, 117, Iso-
lds, 142, 150, 156, et seq.,
168, et seq., 237, 256, 257
Breckenridge, Confederate Gen-
eral, 96, 104, 119-121, 164,
166, 196, 202, 227, 237, 242,
246
British Government, attitude in
the War, 80
Brown, Mayor, arrests collisioii
between citizens of Balti-
more and Federal troops,
26
Bruinsburg, 129
Buckner, S. B., Confederate Gen-
eral, 45, et seq., 172
Cabell, Confederate General,
captured, 234
Cactochin Pass, 104
Cairo, 111., 179
troops sent to by Gov. Yates,
27
Mississippi River blockaded at.
Camp Defiance at, camps of
instruction, 33
importance of, naval depot
imder Pennock, 35
Camp Boone, 46
Chase, 23
Clay, 39
established; Kentucky and
Virginia Federal vohm-
teers organized at, 22
Denison, O., 112
Dick Robinson, Ky., 45
established, 38, 40, 42
Kentucky and Tennessee vol-
unteers organized, 47
Douglas, 111., 112
Finnegan, 180
Jackson, 29
Jenkins, 53
Joe Holt established by Rous-
seau, 36
ivevin, i^J
Wildcat, 48
Campaign in Arkansas, 80
in the Carolinas, 258
against Cliattanooga, 89
to open the Mississippi River
down to Vicksburg, 62
Campaigns against Virginia, 33
by water down the Atlantic
Coast, 44
of Knoxville and Chickamauga,
155
Campbell, Justice, 156
Canby, E. R. S., 61, 69, 186, 217,
et seq., 236, 249, 288
in command in New Mexico,
12, 34, 52, 77
of Military Division of West
Mississippi, 193
quells New York draft riots,
153
operations against Mobile, 251,
258, 261
importance of his reduction of
Mobile defenses, 269
surrender of' forces east and
west of the Mississippi
River to, 272
Carolinas, march through begins,
253
Carter, J. H., Confederate Lieu-
tenant, surrender of naval
forces, 273
Cavalry corps commanded by A.
Pleasanton, 13
chief of, R. W. Johnson, Jno.
W. Davidson, 13
Cemeterj' Hill, 146
Centreville, ^'a., 99
Chalmers, Confederate General,
241, 245
Chambersburg, Pa., 142
Chattanooga, Tenn., 94, 95, 155,
167, et seq.
Mitchel's expedition against,
76, 89
bombarded by Mitchel, 88
occupation of, 157
bombarded by Bragg, 169
Cheatham, Confederate General,
160, 162, 209, 216, 239, 243,
244
Cherokee national council repeals
ordinance of secession, 124
Chickahominy River. 84, 86, 90
Chickamauga Campaign, 1^5, 168
GENERAL INDEX
395
Cinrinnnti, defenses constructed
by Mitehel, 47
under martial law, 10:2, 153
City Point, \a., 20'.i, 206
Clarksburg, Wheeling assembly
called, 27
Ckhiiriie, Confederate General,
Ul, 163, 167, 214, 215
Colored Soutlierii Federals, 10
Commander-in-chief of the ar-
mies of the United States,
Winfield Scott, 15
army and na^y of the United
States, President Lincoln,
16
Comparison of numbers of Fed-
eral combatants from
northern and southern
States, 11
of white population of secetl-
ing and other southern
States, 11
Confederate generals, total, 13
Confederates, total troops, 11
troops maintained, army
strength, 10
Confederate States, recognition
of, 79
CoxxECTicuT, total Federal
troops from, 11
Cooper, Confederate General, 110
Coosa River, 217
Corinth, Miss., 76, 84, et seq.
Corps, southern Federals com-
manding, 12-13
Crawfish Springs, 160-163
Crittenden, Confederate General,
56
Cross Hollows, 61, 63
Culp's Hill, 146
Cumberland River opened, 61
Dauphin Island, 252
Davidson, Confederate General,
169
Davis, JeflFerson, capture of, 272
Deer Creek, 125
Department of Arkansas com-
manded by Reynolds, 12,
238
Kansas commanded bv Hun-
ter, 13
Kentucky commanded by An-
derson and Palmer, 11, 12,
34
Department of — (rontiniied)
New Mexico commanded by
Canby, 12, 53
Ohio and of Tennessee com-
manded by Anderson, 11
the Cumberland commanded
by Thomas, 12
Gulf conunanded by Hurl-
but, 12
Northwest commanded by
Pope, 12
Ohio commanded by Mltchel,
12
South commanded by Bran-
nan, Hunter and Mltchel,
11, 12
West commanded by Harney
and Hunter, 12, 16
Virginia and N^orth Carolina
commanded by Ord, 12
West Virginia commanded by
Carroll, 13
the Western, commanded by
Fremont, 12, 39
Middle, commanded by Ord, 13
Departments commanded by
southern Federals, 11-13
Dole, Confederate General, 192
Draft in Maryland and Ken-
tucky, 187
riots. New York, Boston, Jer-
sey City, 153
Dravton, Confederate General,
106
Dry Tortugas held by Jenkins
against expedition from
New Orleans, 16
Dunker Church, 107
Early, Jubal A., Confederate
General, 142, 147, 191, 193,
201, 202, 204, et seq., 211,
et seq., 227, 228, 233, 255
East Gulf Blockading Squadron
commanded by Stribling,
14
East Tennessee, large numbers
against the Confederates,
10
Nelson distributes arms to
Federals of, 30
votes against secession, 36
xmion convention, 38
Federal uprising, 50
396
GENERAL INDEX
Ewell, R. S., Confederate Gen-
eral, 88, 98-99, 139, 143,
145, 170, 187-189, 191-194,
267-268
Expeditions commanded by
southern Federals, 13
Farragut, David G., 57, 82-84,
97, 110, 121, 135, 137, 140
152, 217, 231, 2GG, 303
vice-admiral, 13, 247
in command of West Gulf
Squadron and on the Mis-
sissippi, 13-14, 62, 95
attack upon Forts Jackson and
St. Philip, 77, 78, 80
New Orleans captured by, 79
attack upon Vicksburg by, 90-
95
Red River blockaded by, 125-
128
attack upon Mobile defenses,
180, 219
Fayetteville, Ark., 63
N. C, 256
Federal combatants, numbers
from northern and south-
ern States compared, 11
Federals, southern, total number,
10. See Alphabetical List
colored, 10
Florence, Ala., 235-236
Florida, fails to take possession
of Fort Pickens, 16
expedition, 124, 180
Forney, Confederate General, 137
Forrest, Confederate General,
95-99, 101, 115, 160, 221,
227, 229, 230, 236, 238, 241,
242, 247, 262
Fort Alexander, 265
Bartow, 58
Clifton, 203
Denison commanded by Judah,
98
Gilmer, 229
Gregg, 264
Leavenworth, 25, 34
Lee, 254
McHenry, 249
Macon, N. C, 69, 80
Parsons, 252
Sanders, 177
Smith, 182
Taylor, 24
Fort — (continued)
Union, N. M., 28, 62, 53
Whitworth, 264
Fox's Gap, 105
Frankfort, Ky., secret meeting
of prominent Federals at,
28
arsenal, capture of prevented
by Thomas, 47
Franklin, Va., 109
Frederick, Md., 27, 28, 104
Fredericksburg campaign, 113-
115
French, Confederate General, 230
French Government, attitude in
the War, 79
Frost, Confederate General, 114
Garland, Confederate General,
106
Garnett, Confederate General,
39-40
General officers, southern Feder-
al. See Alphabetical List
total, 13
Generals, Confederate, total, 13
Federal, total, 13
German blood composes St. Louis
Wide- A wakes, 15
Gettysburg campaign, 138
Giltner, Confederate General,
203, 230
Gordon, John B., Confederate
General, 212, 253, 2G8, 270
Governors, southern Federals
governors of northern
States, 18-19
States and Territories, 18-20
raise troops, 185
Gracie, Confederate General, 206
Grand Ecore, 183
Greeneville, Tenn., 226
Hagood, Confederate General,
205, 223
Halltown, 221
Hampton, Wade, Confederate
General, 207, 257
Hardee, Confederate General, 96,
120, 178, 195, 199, 200, 213,
215, 216, 224, 225, 247, 256,
257
Harris, Confederate Governor of
Tennessee, driven from
Nashville, 22
GENERAL INDEX
397
Harrisburg, Pa., 138
Harrodsburg, Ky., Ill
Henderson's Hill, 185
Heth, Confederate General, 102,
103, 143, 188
Hickman, Ky., 45
Hicks, Thos. H., Governor of
Maryland, 16, 19, 24, 26-
28, 31
Hill, A. P., Confederate General,
100, 102, 139, 144, 169, 187-
188, 197, 253
Hindman, Confederate General,
102, 113, 116, 166
Hoke, Confederate General, 184,
193, 201, 205, 247, 256
Holly Springs, 112, 115
Holmes, Confederate General,
93, 151
Home Guards, 96
formed in Missouri, 15
organized and Cam}) Jackson
captured, 29
fired upon and terrify St.
Louis, 29
formed in Kentucky to receive
arms from Washington, 30
Missouri, growth of, 35
at Cynthiana, Ky., dispersed, 40
Hood, Cx>nfedcrate General, 195,
198, 213, et seq., 252
Horse Shoe Ridge, 163
Illinois, opposition to passage
of northern army against
the South, 18
total Federal troops furnished
by, 18
General Assembly for peace,
139
Imboden, Confederate General,
139, 144, 148, 151, 200, 201
Indiana, power of, thrown to
Federals, 19
"military bill," 140
Indian Territory, Federals fol-
low Cooper into, 110
Iowa, total Federal troops from,
11, 19
Iron-clads, Mississippi, origin
and construction, 34, 37-
38, 49
first launched, 49
Iverson, Confederate General, 145
Jackson, T. J., Confederate Gen-
eral, 38, 82, 84, et seq., 104,
106, 131, et seq.
Jackson, Governor of Missouri,
maneuvers to gain the St.
Louis arsenal, 25
orders militia assembled, 28
camp to seize the St. Louis
arsenal, 28
collects forces at Jefl'erson
City for a campaign, 32
calls Missouri to arms and
adopts war measures, 36
deposed, 41
James River, 84, 90, 91, 93, 94,
155, 204, 206, 210, 252, 265
Jenkins, Confederate General,
192
Johnson, Andrew, 20, 22, 62, 271,
323
Johnson, Bradley, Confederate
General, 213
Johnson, Bushrod, Confederate
General, 205
Jc^nson, Edward, Confederate
General, 82, 148, 193
Johnson, Confederate Kentucky
Governor, 75
Johnston, Albert Sidney, Con-
federate General, 57, 71, 72
Johnston, Joseph E., Confederate
General, 41, 81, 86, 135,
154, 179-181, 186, 194, 198,
et seq., 255, 257-258, 271,
272
Jones, Sam'l, Confederate Gen-
eral, 272
Jones, Coh federate General, 201,
202
Kentucky, not a support of the
Confederacy, 9
neutrality, 32
total Federal troops from, 11,
23
commissioned officers, 13
how the State was swung, 21
Federal regiments of, in vari-
ous battles, 23
arming of Federals in, 28, 30,
33, 36
congressional election, 38
concentration of volunteers, 40,
42, 46, 47, 48
398
GENERAL INDEX
Kentucky — (continued)
secession measures, 31, 52, 53,
110
Kershaw, Confederate General,
201
Key West, 16, 24, 63
Knights of the Golden Circle at-
tempt to seize Louisville,
41
Knoxville, Tenn., 155, 156, 171,
172, 177, 178, 253
Lane, Henry S., Governor of
Indiana, 19
Lay's Ferry, 195
Lee, Fitzhugh, Confederate Gen-
eral, 263, 268, 269, 270
Lee, Robert E., Confederate Gen-
eral, 67, 87, 91-93, 95, 99,
100, 103, 104-108, 113, 128,
et seq., 144, et seq., 153,
169, 171, 177-178, 187, et
seq., 201, et seq., 222, 223,
229, 235, 253, 259, et seq.,
2T0
Lee, S. D., Confederate General,
137, 243
Lee, Samuel P., 78-80, 95, 127,
128, 187, 189, 203, 218, 226,
273, 328
in command of North Atlantic
Blockading Squadron, then
of Mississippi Squadron,
14, 103, 234
in the front of the fight at
Forts Jackson and St.
Philip, 78-79
attacks upon Vicksburg, 84, 93
appointed acting rear-admiral,
103
Lee, W. H. F., Confederate Gen-
eral, 268
Lexington, Va., 203
Lincoln, Abraham, 28, 35, 38,
117, 330
military direction exercised by,
16
reenforcement of Fort Sumter,
17
call for volunteers, 18
arms granted for Federals of
Kentucky and East Ten-
nessee, 30
refusal of, to remove Federal
troops from Kentucky, 42
Lincoln, Abraham — (continued)
expedition for capture of New
Orleans ordered by, 52
in Richmond, Va., 266
assassinated, 271
Little Round Top, 146
Longstreet, James, Confederate
General, 105, 124, 127, 128,
139, 157, 162, et seq., 173,
177, 182, 184, 188, 204
Loring, Confederate General,
136, 209
Lost Mountain, 200, 205
Loudoun Heights, 104
Louisiana, total Federal troops
from, 11
reconstruction, 180, 217
Louisville, Ky., 22, 23, 30, 101,
108, 180
union meeting, 26
citizens form the " Union
Club," 31
magazine, 31
attempt of Knights of the
Golden Circle to seize, 41
threatened, 46, 47
under martial law, 153
McCulloch, Confederate General,
39, 42, 5 J, 61, 64
Mcintosh, Confederate General,
61
Magoffin, Governor of Kentucky,
proclamation of neutrality,
33
removal of Federal troops
from Kentucky urged by,
42
Magruder, Confederate General,
93, 121
Mahone, Confederate General,
218
March to the Sea, 231, 237, 24T
Marmaduke, Confederate Gen-
eral, 37, 116, 122, 133, 334
Marshall, Humphrey, Confeder-
ate General, 55, 104
Marye's Heights, attacks on, 115
carried by Newton, 134
Maryland, not a support of the
Confederacy, 9
total Federal troops from, 11
GENERAL INDEX
399
Maryland — (confinupcl)
volunteers drawn forth against
Lee's Maryland and Penn-
sylvania campaigns, 19,
103
how the State was swung, 20,
43
Baltimore encounter, 26
members of the Legislature
arrested by Federals, 46
campaign, 103
Mason, Confederate commission-
er, 52
Maury, Confederate General, 271
Merrimac, 65. See Virginia
Military Division of Mississippi,
11
West of the Mississippi, 11,
193
Mine Rmi campaign, 171, 177
Mississippi expedition, 113
River, blockade at Cairo, 30
war importance of, 35
clear to commerce, 154
Missouri, not a support of the
Confederacy, 9
total Federal troops from, 11
" Wide-Awakes," 15, 21
Home Guards, 15, 21
winning the State, 21
number of Federal regiments,
23
arms obtained, 25
capture of Camp Jackson, 29
peace agreement, 32
secession effort, 49
hostilities, 36
Jefferson City captured, 37
martial law declared, 42
militia, 76-77, 94
Montgomery Hill, 243
Morgan, John H., Confederate
General, 40, 81, 94-96, 98,
151-154, 203, 204, 2-26
Mountain region of the South
disaffected toward the
Confederacy, 10
Murfreesboro, Tenn., 95, 101,
103, 112, 116
campaign, 116-117
Nashville, Tenn., 98, 103, 104,
111, 112, 221, 237
campaign by Federals, 55
surrender of, 61
Nashville — (continued)
Hood's campaign, 237-252
Naval commanders, southern
Federal, 13-14
total, 13
Native southerners living in the
North, Federals, 10
Navy, United States, total south-
erners leaving and remain-
ing, 13
at the outbreak of the War, 14
work of in the War, 15
iron-clads built, 14
origin of Mississippi iron-
clads, 34
first wooden gunboats in west-
ern rivers, 34
gains in 1861, 54
the Tennessee River to Flor-
ence, 58
Nebraska Territory, Federal
troops from, 19
Negroes, southern Federal, 10
Neuse River, 125
New Jersey, peace resolutions
passed by the House of
Representatives, 125
New Mexico Territory, Federal
troops from, 19
Confederates caused to leave,
77
New Orleans, La., naval expedi-
tion, 52
occupied by Farragut, 79
importance" of, and effects of
its capture, 79-80
Norfolk, Va., and navy yard
evacuated by Federals, 27
occupied by Federals, 83
North, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. See Federals
native southerners living in the.
Federals, 10
saved from defensive and of-
fensive measures by con-
tiguous southern States, 24
Washington cut off, 26, 28
North Atlantic Blockading
Squadron commanded by
S. P. Lee, 14
L. M. Goldsborough, 14, 44
North Carolin^a, 85
secession of, 32
independence of State Govern-
ment declared, 49
Federal convention elects pro-
visional governor, 52
400
GENERAL INDEX
Number, total, of southern Fed-
eral general officers, 13
Federal and Confederate Gen-
erals, 13
southerners leaving and re-
maining in the United
States navy, 13
southern Federals command-
ing vessels, 13
Ohio River, attempt of Confed
crates to blockade, 106
Opelousas, 128
Ord, E. O. C, 50, 54, 8T, 93, 105,
108, 137, 140, 150, 153, 155,
179, 18;2, 213, 315, 2-29, 249,
259, 261, et seq., 345
in command of the ^Middle De-
partment, Department of
Virginia, and Department
of Virginia and North
Carolina, 12, 250
in command of the 13th, 8th,
18th and 24th corps, 12
at Hatchie Bridge, 110
of the Army of the James,
250
Lee's way at Appomattox
blocked by, 270
Overton's Hill, 244-245
Pegram, Confederate General,
39-40, 130, 232
Perrj', Confederate General, 148
Petersburg, Va., 203, 208, 266
Pettigrew, Confederate Genercd,
125
Pickett, Confederate General,
148-149, 201, 261, 263-264
Pierpont, Francis H., 20, 38
Pillow, Confederate General, 45,
208
Po River, 191, 192
Point Lookout, 213
Polignac, Confederate General,
181
Polk, Confederate General, 45,
62, 158, 162, 178, 204
Pope, John, 12, 40, 44, 48, 54, 62,
69, 75, 76, 83, 85, 91, et
seq., 352
in command of the main army
in the east, 11, 90, 101
Pope, John, in command of —
(continued)
Department of the North-
west, 12, 104
Military Division of the Mis-
souri, 253
captures around Tiptonville
by, 75
Population, white, in seceding
and other southern States,
11
Potomac River, blockaded by
Confederates, 38, 66
Price, Sterling, Confederate Gen-
eral, 32, 36, 44, 47, 48, 52,
58, 59, 63-64, 70, 102, 105,
108, 109, 151, 157, 184, 224,
et seq.
Raids, or expeditions, command-
ed bv southern Federals,
13, lie
Raleigh, N, C, 271
Ramseur, Confederate General,
212, 232, 233
Recruitments, Federal, by south-
erners, 20, 22, 23, 25, 31
Richmond, Va., 266
Robertson, Confederate General,
144
Robinson, Jas. F., 19
Roddy, Confederate General, 168
Rodes, Confederate General, 139,
227
Rome, Ga., 195, 196
Rosser, Confederate General, 263
Rossville, 166, 168, 175
St. Louis, Mo., 16, 36, 228
protection of property in, 15
" Wide- A wakes," 15
arsenal, 15, 25, 28
forces in, 29
encounter in, 29
Savannah, Ga., 57, 242, 249
Tenn., 67, 70
Secession of southern States, 29,
32, 33
Secessionists in Missouri organ-
ized as minute men, 15
Seminary Ridge, 144
Semmes," Confederate Admiral,
265
Shelby, Confederate General, 122,
169
Shelbyville, 122
GENERAL INDEX
401
Shenandoah Valley, or Valley of
Virginia, 204, 255
Sibley, Confederate General, 77
Siege of Fort Macon, N. C, 69
Lexington, Mo., 46
Knoxville, 178
A'^icksburg, 137
Slave-holding States that re-
mained in the Union after
Lincoln became President,
16
Slidell, Confederate Commission-
er, 53
Smith, E. Kirby, Confederate
General, 70, 76, 80, 97, 101,
103, 109, 111, 183, 272
Smith, G. W., Confederate Gen-
eral 242
Snodgrass'Hill, 163, 166, 167
South, 14. See Confederates
mountain region of, disaffected
to the Confederacy, 10
soldiers from, supporting the
United States in the War,
10
natives of, living north, who
fought the Confederates,
10
Federal generals born in the,
13
naval oflScers from the, 13
navy placed or supported Fed-
eral armies down in the, 15
South Anna River, 200
South Atlantic Blockading
Squadron, 143
South Carolina, fails to take
possession of Fort Simiter,
16
Union Convention, 196
Southerners who served in the
United States navy, total,
13
left the United States navy,
total, 13
classification, 14
Southern Federals, total number,
10, See Alphabetical List
Springfield Landing, 182-183
Stanton, Frederick P., 19
State Guard, Missouri, 42
States, southern, that served as
buffers against the Con-
federacy, 24
Steuart, Confederate General,
193
Stevenson, 76
Stewart, Confederate General,
164, 213, 241, 257
Stuart, J. E. B., Confederate
General, 54, 133, 139, 141,
143, 144, 149
Sunflower River, 125
Tanner's Ferrj', 195
Taylor, Richard, Confederate
General, 88, 126, 127, 140,
182-183, 186, 272
Tennessee, total Federal troops
from, 10. See East Ten-
nessee
Federals aid Federal Ken-
tucky, 24
secession of, 29, 36
Nashville campaign, 55
Tennessee and Kentucky cam-
paign, 97
Thomas, George H., 38, 40, 68,
70, 84-85, 89, 96, 98, 150,
156, et seq., 172, et seq.,
187, et seq., 198, et seq.,
207, et seq., 228, 236, et
seq., 255, 256, 258, 259, 271,
368
main army in the west com-
manded by, 11
in command of the Military
Division of the Mississip-
pi, 11, 231
Department of the Cumber-
land, 170
Army of the Cumberland,
170
14th corps, 12
Army of the Tennessee, 76
nucleus of the Army of the
Cumberland formed by,
45, 47
victorious at Mill Springs, 5Q-
57
Army of the Ohio conducted
toward Nashville by. 111
in Murfreesboro battle, 119
" Rock of Chickamauga," 166-
167
in Chattanooga battles, 173-174
reconnoissance on Dalton, 180-
181
troops under, in the Atlanta
campaign, 18G
Tullahoma campaign, 141
402
GENERAL INDEX
Thomas, George — (continued)
Peach Tree Creek, 213
in Jonebboro battle, 225
decisive battle of the War —
Nashville — won by, 246
TTiompson, Jeflf, Confederate
General, 272
Todd's Tavern, 191
Tompkins, Chief of the Knights
of the Golden Circle,
kiUed, 41
Total number of southern Fed-
erals, 10
Trent arrest of Mason and bU-
'dell, 52
Trent's Reach, 252
Tulifinny Cross Roads, 249
Tupelo, Miss., 92, 96
Union Club, Louisville, 31
Union Safety Committee formed
in St. Louis, 15
United States army, regulars, 18
arsenals, 18. See Arsenal
Government occupies Forts
Sumter and Pickens, 16-
17
United States navy. See ^avy
Vallandigham, 138, 151
Van Dorn, Earl, Confederate
General, 63, 64, 70, 108, 115
Vaughn, Confederate General,
229
Vessels. See Navy
Vicksburg, Miss., 90, 92, 94, 114-
116, 125, 127, 168
Virginia, total Federal troops
from, 11. See Western
Virginia
campaigns against, 33
secession of, 25, 26, 33
entered by Federal troops, 33
northwestern, cleared of Con-
federates, 33
Virginia, Federal, organization
of Government, 20, 23, 38,
39
Convention authorizes creation
of State of West Virginia,
43
legislative consent thereto, 83
W^alker, Confederate General,
112, 167
Walker, R. Lindsay, Confederate
General, 269
Washington, D. C, protection of,
16, 26, 28
Western Department, 12, 37, 39
Western Virginia, Confederates
expelled, 22
AVheeling assembly, 27, 30, 32
arms for Federals of, 30
Convention, 36, 37, 43, 53
Constitution, 53, 69
West Gulf Blockading Squadron,
commanded by Farragut
and Bell, 13-14
West Point, southern graduates
on the Federal side, 13
W^est Tennessee armj^, 115
West Virginia, sides with the
Federals, 10
the formation, of the State, 22
act for admission of, approved,
117
State of, comes into being, 140
Wharton, Confederate General,
232, 234
WTieeler, Confederate General,
117, 168, 169, 179, 221, 225
Wheeling, Federal arms distrib-
uted from, 30
Assembly, 30, 32, 38
" Wide-A wakes," 15
Wilcox, Confederate General, 87,
148, 188
Wilcox's Landing, 207
Wilkesboro, N. C, 258
Wise, Henry A., Confederate
General, 203
Wright, Confederate General,
147, 148
Woodstock, Va., 228
Yazoo City, 136
Yazoo River, 95, 114, 125, 136
Haines' Bluif, 116
Chickasaw Bluffs, 117
expedition from the north, 124
York, Pa., 142
York River, 81, 86
Zollicoffer, Confederate General,
45, 47, 48, 56
INDEX OF BATTLES, COMBATS,
ACTIONS, ENGAGEMENTS
AND EXPEDITIONS
Adairsville, 196
Albemarle, 187, 234
Aldie, 140
Alexander's Bridge, 159
Alexandria, 1;28, 135, 181
Allatoona Creek, 230
Allatoona Pass, 230
Allen's Farm, 92
Amelia Springs, 266
Anderson, Fort, 125, 254
Annapolis, 27
Antietam, 107
Apache Canon, 69
Appalachicola, 69
Appomattox C. H., 268-270
Appomattox Station, 269-270
Arkansas Post, 122-123
Arkansas River, 210
Asheville, 272
Ashland, 90, 200, 256
Atchafalaya, 203
Athens, 227
Atlanta, 215, 221, 224
Atlanta, 140
Auburn, 169
Averysboro, 256
Bacon Creek, 54
Baker's Creek, 135
Bald Head, 129
Bald Hill Knob, 215, 216
Baltimore, 26
Barnesville, 104
Baton Rouge, 82, 83, 96
Bayliss Creek, Va., 222
Bayou Fourches, 157
Bayou Pierre, 183-184
Ba^-port, 168
Bean's Station, 178
Beaufort Harbor, N. C, 80
Beauregard, Fort, 51
403
Beaver Dam Creek, 90
Belmont, 50
Bentonville, 257
Bermuda Hundred, 187, 196, 201,
204, 205
Bethesda Church, 200
Beverley Ford, 139
Big Black River, 136
Big Blue, 234
Big Mulberry Creek, 263
Bisland, Fort, 127
Blackburn's Ford, 40
Blackford's Ford, 108
Black River, 181
Blackwater, 109, 126
Blakely, Fort, 252, 263, 265, 269
Boonsboro, 105, 211
Booneville, 37
Boteler's Ford, 108
Bowling Green, 60
Boydton Road, 235
Boydtown, 261-262
Brandy Station, 139, 155, 169
Bridgeport, 76, 80, 150, 170
Bridgeville, 266
Bristoe, 98, 169
Broad River Expedition, 238
Brown's Ferrjs 170, 171
Brownsville, 53
Brunswick, 62
Brush Mountain, 207, 208
Budd's Ferry, 50
Buffington, 129
Buffington Island, 154
Buford's Station, 247
Bull Run, 41, 100
Bull's Bay Expedition, 254
Bull's Gap, 237
Bunker Hill, 40
Burnt Hickor\', 199
Butler, Fort, 142
Buzzard's Roost, 180, 190
404
INDEX OF BATTLES
Cairo, 27, 33
Calhoun, 179
Camden, Ark., 184, 185
Camden, N. C, 77
Campbell's Station, 173
Cane Creek, 170
Cane River, 185
Cape Fear River, 251, 254
Carlisle, 144
Carrick's Ford, 40
Carroll Station, 229
Carthage, 39
Cassville, 197
Caswell, Fort, 124, 251
Cave City, 50
Cedar Creek, 231
Cedar Mountain, 96
Cedar Run, 96
Chaffin's Bluff, 029
Chaffin's Farm, 228
Chalmette batteries, 79
Champion's Hill, 135
Chancellorsville, 131-133
Chantilly, 102
Chaplin Hills, 110
Charles City Cross Roads, 93
Charleston, 126, 171, 251, 254
Charleston harbor, 89, 152, 156
Charlestown, 223
Chattahoochee River, 210-212
Chattanooga, 172, et seq.
Cheat Mountain, 46
Cheraw, 255
Chickamauga, 159, et seq.
Chickasaw Bluffs, 116-117
Chuckatuck, 128
Cincinnati, 102, 153
Clarendon, 210
Clark, Fort, 44
Clinch, Fort, 62
Clovd's Mountain, 192
Cobb's Point, 59
Coggin's Point, 96
Cold Harbor, 200, et seq.
Columbia, Tenn., 229, 238
Columbia, S. C, 254
Columbus, Ga., 271
Columbus, Ky., 45
Corinth, 109
Corpus Christi, 97
Covington, 112
Craig, Fort, 52, 61
Craighead's Bend, 83
Crampton's Gap, 106
Crater, 218
Cross Keys, 88
Culpeper, 155, 158
Culp's Farm, 208
Gulp's House, 208
Cumberland Gap, 89, 107, 156
Cynthiana, 204
Dabney's Mills, 253
Dallas, 198, et seq., 229
Dalton, 180, 194, 221, 231
Dandridge, 179
Darbytown Road, 230, 235
Darling, Fort, 84, 194
Davidson, Fort, 228
Deatonville, 267
Decatur, Ala., 231, 234, 246, 249
Decatur, Ga., 211, 215
Deep Bottom, 207, 210, 222
De Russy, Fort, 134, 181
Deveaux's Neck, 242
Diamond Hill, 206
Dinwiddie C. H., 262
Donaldsonville, 142, 153
Donelson, Fort, 59-60
Dranesville, 54
Drewry's Bluff, 84, 196
Droop Mountain, 171
Dry Forks, 39
Duck River, 122, 238, et seq.
Dug Gap, 181, 190
Dug Springs, 42
Dutton's HiU, 126
Ebenezer Church, 263
Edgefield Junction, 98
Elizabeth City, 59
Elk Horn Tavern, 63-65
Elk River, 150
Elk Water, 46
Emory, 156
Ezra Church, 217
Fairfax C. H., 35
Fair Oaks, 86, 235
Falling Waters, 38
Farmington, 83, 169
Farmville, 268
Fernandina, 62
Finnegan, Camp, 180
Fisher, Fort, 247, 248, 250
Fisher's Hill, 228, 233
Five Forks, 263
Florida Expedition, 180
Folly Island, 152
INDEX OF BATTLES
405
Four Mile Creek, 205, 91 T
Franklin, 239-240
Frayser's Farm, 93
Frederick City, 104
Fredericksburg, 115, 196
Front Royal, 85
Gaines, Fort, 179, 218, 219
Gaines' Mill, 90-92
Gallatin, 96, 98
Galveston, 98, 121, 273
Garnett's Fann, 92
Garrison Creek, 141
Gettysburg, 144, et seq.
Glendale, 93
Globe Tavern, 222-223
Glorietta, 69
Golding's Farm, 92
Goldsboro, 255, 256
Grahamsville, 241
Grand Gulf, 125, 129, 133
Gravelly Run, 261
Gray, Fort, 184
Greenbrier River, 48
Gregg, Battery, 156
Grimball, Fort, 153
Groveton, 99
Hagerstown, 151, 211
Haines' Bluff, 116, 129
Hallsville, 54
Hamilton, 94
Hampton Roads, 65
Hanover, Pa., 143
Hanover C. H., Va., 85
Hardin's BluflF, 84
Harper's Farm, 267
Harper's Ferrv, 85, 104-106, 211
Harrison, Fort, 218, 230
Harrisonburg, 181, 228
Harrison's Landing, 92, 94, 97
Hartsville, 123
Hatcher's Run, 235, 253
Hatchie Bridge, 110
Hatteras, Fort, 44
Hatteras Inlet, 44
Helena, 151
Henry, Fort, 57-59
High Bridge, 26T
Hill's Point, 128
Hilton Head, 51
Hindman, Fort, 122
Honey Hill, 241
Hoover's Gap, 141
Howlett House batteries, 208
Huger, Battery, 128
Huger, Fort, 271
Huntley's Corner, 200
Hunts ville, 76, 197
Indian Ridge, 127
Irish Bend, 127
I ronton, 228
Island Xo. 10, 68, 75
luka, 105, 108
Ivy Creek, 48
Ivy Mountain, 53
Jackson, Miss., 135, 153
Jackson, Camp, 29
Jackson, Fort, 77-80
Jackson's Mills, 256
Jacksonville, 124, 191
James Island, 89, 154, 254
James River, 253
Jasper, 87
Jefferson City, 37, 228
Jenkin's Ferry, 186
Jerusalem Plank Road, 209
Johnsonville, 236
Johnston's Landing, 116
Jonesboro, 225
Jonesville, 179
Kansas City, 26
Kearsarge vs. Alabama, 204-207
Kelly's Ford, 155
Kenesaw Mountain, 209
Kernstovvn, 69
Kettle Run, 98
King's Salt Works, 230
Kingston, Ky., 101
Kingston, Tenn., 242
Kinston, 256
Knob Gap, 116
Knox ville, 178
Lafayette, 208
Lancaster, 154
Laurel Hill, 39, 192
Laurel Mountain, 39
Lawrenceburg, 111
Lebanon, 81
Lee & Gordon's Mill, 159
Lee's Mill, 70
Lexington, Ky., 43, 102, 110, 203
Lexington, Mo., 46, 47, 234
Liberty, Mo., 26
Liberty, Va., 207
Liberty Gap, 141
406
INDEX OF BATTLES
Liberty Hall, 930
Lisbon, 2^22
Little Blue, 234
Little Osage, 234
Little Rock, 153, 157, 182
Liverpool's Landing, 138
Logan's Cross Roads, 55
London, 156
Lookout Mountain, 173-174
Louisville, 31, 41, 46, 108
Lovejoy's Station, 225
Lucas Bend, 45
Lynchburg, 205, 206
McAllister, Fort, 124, 242
McDowell, 82
McMinnville, 101
Macon, 272
McRae, 53
Magnolia Hills, 130
Malvern Hill, 93-94
Manassas, 41, 100-101
Manassas Gap, 154
Manassas Junction, 98
Mansfield, 182
Marais des Cygnes, 234.
Marion, 246
Mark's Mill, 185
Marksville, 196
Martinsburg, 139, 210, 227
Maryland Campaign, 103
Maryland Heights, 211
Mechanicsville, 85, 90
Memphis, 88
Meridian Expedition, 180
Middleburg, 140
Middle Creek, 55
Mil ford, 54
Mill Creek Gap, 190, 191
Milliken's Bend, 138
Mill Springs, 55-56
Mine Creek, 234
Mine Run, 178
Missionary Ridge, 175-176
Mobile, 251, 253, 258, 271
Mobile Bay, 219-220
Monette's Ferry, 185
Monitor vs. Virginia, 66
Monocacv River, 211
Montevailo, 262
Montgomery, 271
Monticello, 130, 139
Morgan, Fort, 169, 197, 219,
seq.
Morgantown, 50
Morris Island, 152, 153
Morristown, 178, 235, 237
Moultrie, 126
Mound City, 234
Mt. Jackson, 228
Mt. Sterling, 203
Mt. Vernon, 152
Mt. Zion Church, 54
Mud Creek, 207
Mud March, 123
Mulberry Creek, 262
Muldraugh Hill, 47
Munfordville, 10,5-107
Murfreesboro, 94, 117, et seq., 242
Nansemond River, 126
Nashville, 61, 243, et seq,
Natchez, 83
National Bridge, 256
Neosho, 39
New Bern, 68, 135
New Bridge, 85
New Hope Church, 198, 209
New Madrid, 62, 6G
New Market, 196, 200
New Orleans, 79
Newport News, 65-66
Newtonia, 109, 235
Newtown, 85
New York Draft Revolts, 153
Niagara, 222
Norfolk, 27, 83
North Anna, 198
North Edisto River, 253
Northern Neck, 130
Oak Grove, 90
Oak HiUs, 43
Old Church, 89
Olustee, 180
Opequon, 227
Orchard Knob, 173
Osage, 234
Ossabaw Sound, 201
Ouachita River, 181
Owensboro, 108
Ox Hill, 102
Paducah, 45
Paintsville, 57
Pamunkey River, 84, 86
Pascagoula Expedition, 238
et Pasquotank River, 59
Payne's Farm, 177
Peach Orchard, 92, 147
INDEX OF BATTLES
407
Peach Tree Creek, 213-215
Pea Ridge, 63
Peinberton, Fort, 12-t
Peninsula Campaign, 67, 68
Pensacola, 253
Peralta, 77
Perrvville, 110-111
Petersburg, 204, 264
Petersburg Mine, 209-218
Philippi, 36
Pickens, Fort, 17-18, 25, 26, 38
Pickett's Mills, 199
Piedmont, 203
Pillow, Fort, 75, 83
Pilot Knob, 228
Pine Mountain, 199, 203, et seq.
Pittsburg Landing, 71, et seq.
Pleasant Grove, 182-183
Pleasant Hill, 183
Plymouth, 87, 184
Pocotaligo, 112
Pocotaligo River, 179, 251
Point of Rocks, 94
Point Pleasant, 66
Poolsville, 104
Poplar Springs Church, 229
Port Gibson, 130
Port Hudson, 128, 137, 140, 152
Port Republic, 88
Port Royal, S. C, 51
Port Royal, Va., 126
Port Royal Ferry, 53, 55
Pound Gap, 57
Powell, Fort, 220
Prairie Grove, 113
Prestonburg, 55
Pringle, Battery, 210, 211
Providence Church Road, 133
Pulaski, Tenn., 229, 236, 238
Pulaski, Fort, 76
Quaker Road, 261
Rappahannock, 155, 172
Raymond, 135
Reams Station, 208, 223
Red River Expedition, 179, 181-
182, 185
Resaca, 195, 231
Richmond, 101
Rich Mountain, 39-40
Ringgold Gap, 177
Roanoke Island, 58
Roanoke River, 94
Rochester, 50
Rock Castle Hills, 49
Rock Wharf, 83
Rocky Face Ridge, 190, et seq.
Rocky Gap, 139, 155
Rosecrans, Fort, 247
Rowletts, 54
Ruffs, 211
Russy, Fort de, 134, 181
Sabine Cross Roads, 182
Sabine Pass, 97
Sacramento, 54
Sailor's Creek, 267
St. Augustine, 66
St. Charles, 89, 123
St. Helena Sound, 51
St. John's Bluff, 108
St. John's River Expedition, 109,
110, 112
St. Louis, 29
St. Marks, 256
St. Philip, Fort, 78
Salem, 259
Salem Church, 134
Saline Bottom, 186
Salineville, 154
Salisbury, 271
Saltville, 230, 237, 247
Santa Fe, 54, 66, 78
Santee River, 183
Savage Station. 92
Savannah, 247
Seabrook, 53, 55
Secessionville, 89
Second Bull Run, 100-101
Sedgwick, Fort, 263
Selma, 265
Seven Days' Battles, 90, et seq.
Seven Pines, 86-87
Sewell's Point, 83
Sharpsburg, 107
Shawnee Mound, 54
Shepherdstown, 108
Shiloh, 71, et seq.
Shreveport Campaign, 181-183
Simmsport, 203
Smyrna, 211
Snake Creek Gap, 191, 193, 194
Somerset, 55, 126
South Anna bridges Expedition,
144
South Mills, 77
South Mountain, 105-106
Spanish Fort, 261, 269
Spotsylvania, 191, et seq.
408
INDEX OF BATTLES
Springfield, 43, 49, 59, 116, 122
Spring Hill, 239-240, 247
Stanford, 111
Staunton, 202, 228
StedmaJi, Fort, 259-260
Steele's Bayou Expedition, 125
Stevens, Fort, 212
Stone River, 117, et seq.
Stono River, 178, 210, 248
Strong, Fort, 254
Suffolk Campaign, 124, 126
Sugar Creek, 61
Sugar Loaf Mountain, 104
Sumter, Fort, 16-18, 126, 170
Tagodo Creek or River, 253
Tampa, 130
Thompson's Station, 124, 239
Thoroughfare Gap, 99
Tiptonville, 75
Totopotomoy, 199, 200
Tracy, Fort, 271
Trevilian, 203, 204
Trinity, 181
Tullahoma, 141-143
Tunnel Hill, 181, 186, 190
Turkey Creek, 93
Turner's Gap, 105
Tuscaloosa, 366
Tuscumbia, 231
Tj'bee Island, 53, 54
Union City, 69
Upperville, 41
Upton HiU, 49
Valverde, 61
Van Buren, 116
Vicksburg, 127, 137, 140, 150
Virginia vs. Monitor, 66, 83
Wagner, Fort, 152, et seq., 22
Walker, Fort, 51
Warrenton, 125
Washington, D. C, 211-213
Washington, N. C, 104, 126
Washita River, 181
Wassaw Sound, 140
Wauhatchie, 171
Waynesboro, 228, 255
Weldon R. R., 208, 222, 223
West Harpeth River, 246
West Liberty, 49
Westmoreland C. H., 138
West Point, Ga., 272
West Point, Va., 81, 204
Westport, 234
White House, 200, 207
White Oak Bridge, 93
"\\Tiite Oak Road, 261-262
White River, 89, 123
White Sulphur Springs, 155
Wilcox's Bridge, 256
Wildcat, Camp, 48
Wilderness, 187, et seq.
Williams, Fort, 184
Williamsburg, 81
Williamsport, 151
Wilmington, 112, 247, 255
Wilson's Creek, 43
Winchester, 85, 139, 227
Wise's Fork, 256
Woodbury, 50
Wythevilie, 242, 246
Yazoo River, 116, 124
Yellow Tavern, 193
Yorktown, 70, 80
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